Follow-Up and Community Care of the Child With a Chronic Disease

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DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.001   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.001    Full Text (PDF)

Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases

Alev Bakır Kayı, Emine Gülbin Gökçay

The causes of disability include chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus, rheumatic heart disease, and asthma are some of the leading noncommunicable chronic diseases. Chronic diseases hinder children to reach their full potential and lead a fulfilling adult life. In this respect, education is critical for children with chronic diseases. Conversely, approximately 70% of premature deaths in adults is caused by problems in childhood and adolescence period. Chronic diseases in children are an important public health problem in all aspects. An increasing number of prevention programs for chronic diseases are being implemented. Improving nutrition, breastfeeding promotion, appropriate complementary feeding, and Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Hepatitis B vaccination are some of these initiatives. Epidemiological data are needed for the effective implementation of interventions. Standardized disease indicators, such as prevalence and incidence, are used in the follow-up and comparison of in- and intersociety diseases. In addition to these, calculations defined as generic measures such as “Disability-Adjusted Life Years” (DALY) are also used in the evaluation of chronic disease burden of populations. According to DALY measures, the leading diseases vary from country to country. Some national and international protocols and policies for the followup and care of children with chronic diseases have been established. During epidemics and other emergency situations, it is important to clearly define the practices related to the care and follow-up of children with chronic diseases. The principles of transitioning from pediatric to adult care for children with chronic disease should be clearly established. This section aimed to present the national and international status of chronic diseases in childhood. The interventions for their prevention and care were also discussed.


Keywords: Pediatric, Chronic Diseases, Prevention Approaches, pediatric epidemiology, Disability-Adjusted Life Years
DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.001   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.001    Full Text (PDF)

Kroni̇k Hastalıkların Epi̇demi̇yoloji̇si̇

Alev Bakır Kayı, Emine Gülbin Gökçay

Kronik hastalıklar çocuklarda engelliliğe yol açan nedenler arasında yer almaktadır. Diyabet, romatizmal kalp hastalığı ve astım önde gelen çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemi bulaşıcı olmayan kronik hastalıkları arasında bulunmaktadır. Kronik hastalıklar çocukların normal bir yaşam sürmeleri ve sağlıklı erişkinler olmaları açısından önemli engeller oluşturur. Engeli olan çocuklarda eğitime ulaşılabilirlik kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu konuda önemli sorunlar yaşanmaktadır oysa eğitim sayesinde bu çocuklar tam potansiyellerine ulaşabilir, topluma katkıda bulunan başarılı birer erişkin olabilirler. Diğer yandan yetişkinlerde meydana gelen erken ölümlerin yaklaşık %70’inin kaynağının çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemindeki sorunlar olduğu gösterilmektedir. Çocuklardaki kronik hastalıklar her yönü ile önemli birer halk sağlığı sorunudur. Kronik hastalıklar ile ilgili giderek artan sayıda önleme programları uygulamaya konulmaktadır; beslenmenin iyileştirilmesi; anne sütü ile beslenmenin yaygınlaştırılması, uygun tamamlayıcı beslenme, İnsan Papilloma Virus (Human papilloma virus-HPV) ve Hepatit B aşı uygulamaları bu girişimlerden bazılarıdır. Girişimlerin etkin uygulanması için epidemiyolojik verilere gereksinim vardır. Toplum içi ve toplumlar arası hastalıkların takibinde ve kıyaslamalarında bazı hastalık ölçütleri kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar arasında en yaygın kullanılanlar prevalans ve insidans ölçütleridir. Bunların yanı sıra “Engelliliğe göre Düzeltilmiş Yaşam Yılı’’ (EDYY) gibi jenerik ölçü olarak tanımlanan hesaplamalar da toplumlarda kronik hasta yükünün değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Engelliliğe göre Düzeltilmiş Yaşam Yılı ölçülerine göre önde gelen hastalıklar ülkeden ülkeye değişmektedir. Günümüzde kronik hastalığı olan çocukların izlemi ve bakımına ait ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde protokoller ve politikalar oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Özellikle de pandemi, deprem gibi olağanüstü toplumsal sorunlar sırasında, ayrıca pediatrik bakımdan yetişkin bakıma geçerken kronik hastalığı olan çocukların bakımı ve izlemi ile ilgili hedefler ve uygulamaların net belirlenmiş olması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bölümde kronik hastalıkların ulusal ve uluslararası durumunun, önleme çalışmalarının, epidemiyolojik tanım ve değerlendirmelerin anlatılması amaçlanmıştır.


Keywords: Çocuk sağlığı, kronik hastalıklar, önleme yaklaşımları, pediatrik epidemiyoloji, Engelliliğe göre Düzeltilmiş Yaşam Yılı

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