Symposium on Orphans and Abandoned Children Proceedings

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DOI :10.26650/PB/SS48.2023.003.012   IUP :10.26650/PB/SS48.2023.003.012    Full Text (PDF)

The Role of Civil Society Organisations in Child Protection Practices

Burak Küsmez

Children in need of protection have been subjects for which states feel responsible throughout history and have been protected by states. States’ child protection systems have been curative rather than preventative, which has persisted over the years. There have also been various childcare models implemented jointly by states. These models have been primarily collective living models over the years, and ward care systems have been one of the most applied models. However, the changing understanding of welfare over time and the priority of children’s wellbeing have changed care models. Especially the emergence of the problems caused by the collective life on the mental health of children has been the dominant factor in these changes. The deepening of the effects of the changing welfare models on the states brought about the alteration of the institutional care model and the implementation of alternative models. As a result of the parallelism of alternative models with welfare models, civil society has taken a significant place in child protection systems, and the number of children cared for by NGOs has increased rapidly in the world. In this study, the child protection systems of Western and Eastern countries determined according to various criteria, the roles of NGOs in the child protection systems of these countries, and examples of the practices of some NGOs were presented.


DOI :10.26650/PB/SS48.2023.003.012   IUP :10.26650/PB/SS48.2023.003.012    Full Text (PDF)

Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının Çocuk Koruma Uygulamalarındaki Rolü

Burak Küsmez

Korunmaya ihtiyacı olan çocuklar, tarih boyunca devletlerin sorumluluk hissettikleri özneler olarak görülmüşler ve devletler tarafından korunmuşlardır. Devletlerin çocuk koruma sistemleri, sorunları önleyici olmaktan çok iyileştirici nitelikler taşımış ve bu durum yıllar boyunca sürmüştür. Devletler tarafından ortak şekilde uygulanan çeşitli çocuk bakım modelleri de var olmuştur. Bu modeller yıllar boyunca daha çok toplu yaşam modelleri şeklinde olmuş, koğuş bakım sistemleri en çok uygulanan modellerden biri olmuştur. Ancak zaman içinde değişen refah anlayışları ve çocukların iyilik hallerinin öncelenmesi durumu, beraberinde bakım modellerinin de değişmesini getirmiştir. Özellikle toplu yaşamın çocukların ruh sağlığı üzerinde yarattığı sorunların ortaya çıkması, bu değişikliklerin başat faktörü olmuştur. Değişen refah modellerinin devletler üzerindeki etkilerinin de derinleşmesi, kurum bakımı modelinin değişerek alternatif modellerin hayata geçirilmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Alternatif modellerin refah modelleriyle paralellik göstermesi neticesinde de sivil toplum, çocuk koruma sistemlerinde önemli bir konuma yerleşmiş ve STK’lar tarafından bakım sağlanan çocuk sayıları da dünyada hızla artmıştır. Bu çalışmada da çeşitli kriterlere göre belirlenen Batı ve Doğu ülkelerinin çocuk koruma sistemleri incelenmiş, STK’ların bu ülkelerin çocuk koruma sistemlerindeki rolleri değerlendirilmiş ve bazı STK’ların uygulamalarıyla ilgili örnekler sunulmuştur.



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