Voice in Acting and Functional Voice Problems in the Performance Process
The human voice is a complex and versatile instrument used for communication, emotional expression and artistic performance. The voice is a common output of anatomical systems with different primary functions. These systems are the respiratory, vibratory and resonant systems. In nature, it is the result of the energy produced by an energy source, which gains vibration, transforms into successive energy parts and then spreads out. Acting performance is directly related to vocal technique ability, continuity of body health and maximum voice. Therefore, actors should pay attention to their vocal health throughout their lives. In this context, voice problems experienced by actors can have a direct negative impact on stage performance and prevent the actor from continuing in the profession. The most common voice problems in actors are functional voice problems. Functional voice problems are voice disorders that occur as a result of improper and excessive use of the vocal organs without an anatomical or neurological cause. This research focuses on voice use and functional voice problems in acting. This study discusses and analyses the data obtained using document text analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, by defining voice problems, examining the causes of the main voice problems experienced by actors and strategies for overcoming these problems.
Oyunculukta Ses ve Performans Sürecinde Yaşanan Fonksiyonel Ses Problemleri
İnsan sesi iletişim, duygusal ifade ve sanatsal performans için kullanılan karmaşık ve çok yönlü bir enstrümandır. Ses, birincil işlevleri farklı olan anatomik sistemlerin ortak bir çıktısıdır. Bu sistemler; Respiratör, Vibratör ve Rezonatör Sistem’dir. Doğada bir güç kaynağının ürettiği enerjinin vibrasyon kazanarak ardışık enerji parçalarına dönüşmesi ve ardından yayılması sonucu oluşmaktadır. Oyunculuk sanatında ses, sahne performansının başat unsurlarından biridir. Oyunculuk performansı ses tekniği yetisi, beden sağlığının sürekliliği ve maksimum ses ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu yüzden oyuncuların ses sağlıklarına yaşamları boyunca özen göstermesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda oyuncuların yaşadığı ses problemleri doğrudan sahne performansına olumsuz yönde etki ederek oyuncunun mesleğini sürdürmesine engel teşkil edebilmektedir. Oyunlukta karşılaşılan başlıca ses problemleri, fonksiyonel ses problemleridir. Fonksiyonel ses problemleri, anatomik veya nörolojik bir neden olmaksızın, ses organlarının yanlış ve aşırı kullanımı sonucu ortaya çıkan ses bozukluklarıdır. Bu araştırma oyunculukta ses kullanımı ve yaşanan fonksiyonel ses problemlerine odaklanmaktadır. Ses problemlerinin tanımlanması, oyuncuların başlıca yaşadığı ses problemlerinin nedenlerinin incelenmesi ve bu problemleri gidermeye yönelik stratejilerinin ele alınacağı bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden dokümanmetin analizi kullanılarak elde edilen veriler tartışmaya açılacak ve incelenecektir.
Acting is an art in which not only physical performance but also vocal performance is of paramount importance. For this reason, actors must use their voices in a healthy, correct and effective manner throughout their lives. There are many ways in which actors use their voices in the process of role study and performance. According to the emotional and physical characteristics of the role to be portrayed, the way the actor uses the voice changes. For this reason, actors should have a healthy voice that is strong and flexible enough to play and interpret all kinds of character personalities. A healthy and strong voice is a voice that can accurately reflect the emotions in the performance of the role and can be heard well.
The American Speech, Language and Hearing Association (ASHA) divides voice disorders into three main categories: organic, psychogenic and functional. Functional voice problems are voice disorders that do not involve an anatomical or neurological disorder, but occur as a result of misuse of the vocal organs. These problems affect an actor's vocal capacity, affecting pitch control and reducing vocal intensity. The main reasons why actors experience such voice problems are postural disorders, suppression of the natural voice, laryngeal hyperfunction, aestheticization of the voice, vocally abusive speaking habits, use of artificial voices and failure to use diaphragmatic breathing.
When actors experience these problems, they can experience serious problems such as nodules, polyps, oedema, glottic closure insufficiency, vocal cord haemorrhage and vocal cord mucosal tears. The main negative effects of these problems on the actors' voices are pitch breakage, narrowing of the vocal range, excessive effort in voice production, hoarseness and vocal fatigue. There are also a number of factors that can cause players to experience sound problems. These factors can be divided into two categories: physical and environmental. Environmental factors include air quality, noise, humidity and the distance between the performer and the audience. Physical factors include laryngitis, pharyngitis, allergies, dehydration, infections, fatigue, irregular or insufficient sleep, medication and addictive substances such as cigarettes and alcohol.
They should pay attention to vocal hygiene in order to improve and prevent vocal problems in the actors. In addition, they must do vocal warming cooling before each play and performance. Therefore, it is essential for actors to adopt a vocal exercise programme in the form of preperformance and post performance exercises, and to maintain it throughout their professional lives
