Research Article


DOI :10.26650/arcp2019-5114   IUP :10.26650/arcp2019-5114    Full Text (PDF)

The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking

Cenk Özdağ

Critical Thinking (CT) has a peculiar content, though it stems from informal logic. Moreover, CT also has several presuppositions, all of which are peculiar to CT. A significant number of these presuppositions are of a nonlogical character. Yet in order to continue the logical analysis in a sound way, it is crucial to take these presuppositions into account. In this paper, these presuppositions and preconditions will be set forth together with the reasons for identifying them. The paper is restricted to the presuppositions which are not found in informal logic. Hence, essentially the preconditions regarding the debate and the preconditions regarding the abstraction of the argument will be the topics of consideration. The preconditions regarding the debate consist of pragmatic and semantic preconditions. In contrast, the preconditions regarding the abstraction of the argument are the principle of charity, the principle of loyalty, and linguistic and contextual awareness, which are all crucial for the application of these two principles. Moreover, for CT, a rational subject has a key importance, even if their rationality comes in degrees. The degree of rationality of such a rational subject is also considered, and the degree in question necessary for a sound argumentation is expressed in terms of a minimal degree of rationality. Furthermore, a problem set forth by Suvar Köseraif is taken into account. Moreover, it is asserted that this problem is essentially related to the abstraction of the argument from the context and especially related to linguistic and contextual awareness.

DOI :10.26650/arcp2019-5114   IUP :10.26650/arcp2019-5114    Full Text (PDF)

Eleştirel Düşünmenin Öndayanakları

Cenk Özdağ

Eleştirel Düşünme (ED) her ne kadar biçimsel olmayan mantıktan temel alsa da kendisine özgü bir içeriği haizdir. ED’nin, bu içeriğin yanı sıra kendine özgü birtakım öndayanakları da bulunur. Sözkonusu öndayanakların önemli bir bölümü mantık dışı bir karakterde olsa da mantıksal incelemenin sağlıklı yürütülebilmesi için bu öndayanakların ele alınması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu öndayanakların ve koşulların neler olduğu gerekçeleriyle birlikte ortaya koyulacaktır. Çalışma, biçimsel olmayan mantıkta rastlanmayan öndayanaklarla sınırlı tutulacaktır. Dolayısıyla, esasen, tartışmaya dair koşullar ve argümanın soyutlanmasına dair koşullar ele alınacaktır. Tartışmaya dair koşullar, pragmatik ve semantik koşullardan oluşmaktadır. Argümanın soyutlanmasına dair koşullarsa hayırseverlik ilkesi, sadakat ilkesi ve bu iki ilkenin uygulanması bakımından kritik önemdeki bağlamsal ve dilsel farkındalıktır. Tüm bunların yanı sıra, belirli bir düzeyde de olsa rasyonel bir özne ED bakımından can alıcı önemdedir. Rasyonel öznenin rasyonellik düzeyi ayrıca ele alınmakta ve gerekli düzey, asgari rasyonellik düzeyiyle ifade edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, Suvar Köseraif’in ortaya koyduğu bir sorun ele alınmakta ve bu sorunun esasen argümanın soyutlanmasıyla, özellikle de dilsel ve bağlamsal farkındalıkla ilgili olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. 


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APA

Özdağ, C. (0001). The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking. Archives of Philosophy, 0(51), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114


AMA

Özdağ C. The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking. Archives of Philosophy. 0001;0(51):203-212. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114


ABNT

Özdağ, C. The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking. Archives of Philosophy, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 51, p. 203-212, 0001.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Özdağ, Cenk,. 0001. “The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking.” Archives of Philosophy 0, no. 51: 203-212. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114


Chicago: Humanities Style

Özdağ, Cenk,. The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking.” Archives of Philosophy 0, no. 51 (Dec. 2024): 203-212. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114


Harvard: Australian Style

Özdağ, C 0001, 'The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking', Archives of Philosophy, vol. 0, no. 51, pp. 203-212, viewed 23 Dec. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Özdağ, C. (0001) ‘The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking’, Archives of Philosophy, 0(51), pp. 203-212. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114 (23 Dec. 2024).


MLA

Özdağ, Cenk,. The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking.” Archives of Philosophy, vol. 0, no. 51, 0001, pp. 203-212. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114


Vancouver

Özdağ C. The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking. Archives of Philosophy [Internet]. 23 Dec. 2024 [cited 23 Dec. 2024];0(51):203-212. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114 doi: 10.26650/arcp2019-5114


ISNAD

Özdağ, Cenk. The Presuppositions of Critical Thinking”. Archives of Philosophy 0/51 (Dec. 2024): 203-212. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp2019-5114



TIMELINE


Submitted10.12.2019
Accepted17.12.2019

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