Gizem

Elif

Commercial Airline Pilots’ Psychosocial Risk Factors: Evaluating the Mechanisms Influencing Job Satisfaction

Kübra

Zeynep

The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Mindfulness Level and Perceived Stress Level in Pilots

Ceren

Çağla

Pınar

Nowadays, competition between companies is increasing rapidly due to many reasons, such as the development of technology in many industries, from education to health, from transportation to textiles, the diversification of consumer demands, and the increase in the variety of production activities. Businesses should strive harder than in the past to attract and maintain the interest of customers and satisfy consumers emotionally as being a brand as a name. Creating a long-term relationship between brand and consumer has become important for companies. Businesses that have started to realize this have started to be informed about brand loyalty and to conduct research. The aviation sector is one of the leading developing industries. Due to the intense competition and the need to make good use of the conditions at hand to be even better than rival companies, care should be taken to establish emotional bonds with customers. Considering that loyal customers spread brand satisfaction by word of mouth, the importance of creating brand loyalty for reputation is revealed. Especially when people identify with the brand and can connect with it, their level of loyalty increases, which directly affects the success of the company. This research proposal is planned to examine the relationship between brand loyalty and attachment styles developed by Bowlby, which has not been studied in the Turkish civil aviation sector, and to provide data that may be functional for businesses in this direction. It aims to bring innovation to the aviation industry and to adopt customer-oriented strategies to sustain its existing success. It is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature on brand loyalty in the aviation industry and address these two concepts from a unique perspective.Brand loyalty is an increasingly popular topic that marketing experts utilize in competitive situations. It has been associated with concepts such as repeat purchases, brand loyalty, and brand preference. It is a highly influential factor in ensuring that consumers remain customers. It enables customers to purchase the relevant product or service repeatedly without being influenced by the influence efforts of competitors. At the same time, brand loyalty is not only related to purchase behavior. It also includes making additional payments for the services offered, sharing the service or product received with people around them, and making recommendations. Since gaining new customers is more difficult and costly than retaining old ones, companies want to make their consumers loyal. Looking at the literature, the observation that brand loyalty has a positive effect on repurchase intention is one of the important factors.On the other hand, the variable targeted to be examined in the study is attachment styles. Every living being has some physiological needs from the moment it is born. The mother, or caregiver, meets these needs and becomes a source of pleasure for the baby. A relationship begins to develop between the baby and the caregiver. Bowlby defines this relationship as 'attachment'. This attachment creates a sense of trust that is also effective in the person's future relationships. Attachment, which is a social behavior, affects a person's future development, relationships, and psychological adjustment. The concept of attachment can be discussed under three different sub-headings. These are secure, anxious/ambivalent, and avoidant attachment styles. When separated from their mother, each child's reaction may be different. Children's reactions hide a clue about their attachment styles. Securely attached individuals develop by establishing a warm and continuous relationship with the caregiver. Avoidant attachment prefers to ignore the caregiver when he/she is around. Anxious/ambivalent attachment experiences intense anxiety and is difficult to be comforted by anyone other than the caregiver.&nbsp;These two concepts have been studied in the literature in the context of other topics, but few studies have been found in the fields of industry and marketing. This research proposal aims to create a source and shed new light on the employees of the Turkish civil aviation sector, which is growing day by day. It is aimed to reveal to what extent it can be beneficial for airline companies to include consumer activities in their field of study. Continuity, an aspect of emotional attachment, refers to the tendency of consumers to maintain their relationship with the object of attachment. At this point, it can be said that emotional attachment should become an important resource for companies and should be used in customer relations. A high level of emotional attachment positively affects such things as the development of technology in many industries, from education to health, from transportation to textiles, the diversification of consumer demands, and the increase in the variety of production activities. Businesses should strive harder than in the past to attract and maintain the interest of customers and satisfy consumers emotionally, as well as being a brand as a name. Creating a long-term relationship between brand and consumer has become important for companies. Businesses that have started to realize this have started to be informed about brand loyalty and to conduct research. The aviation sector is one of the leading developing industries. Due to the intense competition and the need to make good use of the conditions at hand to be even better than rival companies, care should be taken to establish emotional bonds with customers. Considering that loyal customers spread brand satisfaction by word of mouth, the importance of creating brand loyalty for reputation is revealed. Especially when people identify with the brand and can connect with it, their level of loyalty increases, which directly affects the success of the company. This research proposal is planned to examine the relationship between brand loyalty and attachment styles developed by Bowlby, which has not been studied in the Turkish civil aviation sector, and to provide data that may be functional for businesses in this direction. It aims to bring innovation to the aviation industry and to adopt customer-oriented strategies to sustain its existing success. It is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature on brand loyalty in the aviation industry and address these two concepts from a unique perspective.Brand loyalty is an increasingly popular topic that marketing experts utilize in competitive situations. It has been associated with concepts such as repeat purchases, brand loyalty, and brand preference. It is a highly influential factor in ensuring that consumers remain customers. It enables customers to purchase the relevant product or service repeatedly without being influenced by the influence efforts of competitors. At the same time, brand loyalty is not only related to purchase behavior. It also includes making additional payments for the services offered sharing the service/product received with people around them and making recommendations. Since gaining new customers is more difficult and costly than retaining old customers, companies want to make their consumers loyal. Looking at the literature, the observation that brand loyalty has a positive effect on repurchase intention is one of the important factors.On the other hand, the variable targeted to be examined in the study is attachment styles. Every living being has some physiological needs from the moment it is born. The mother or caregiver meets these needs and becomes a source of pleasure for the baby. A relationship begins to develop between the baby and the caregiver. Bowlby defines this relationship as 'attachment'. This attachment creates a sense of trust that is also effective in the person's future relationships. Attachment, which is a social behavior, affects the person's future development, relationships, and psychological adjustment. The concept of attachment can be discussed under three different sub-headings. These are secure, anxious/ambivalent, and avoidant attachment styles. When separated from their mother, each child's reaction may be different. Children's reactions hide a clue about their attachment styles. Securely attached individuals develop by establishing a warm and continuous relationship with the caregiver. Avoidant attachment prefers to ignore the caregiver when he/she is around. Anxious/ambivalent attachment experiences intense anxiety and is difficult to be comforted by anyone other than the caregiver.These two concepts have been studied in the literature in the context of other topics, but few studies have been found in the field of industry and marketing. This research proposal aims to create a source and shed new light on the employees of the Turkish Civil Aviation sector, which is growing day by day. It is aimed to reveal to what extent it can be beneficial for airline companies to include consumer activities in their field of study. Continuity, an aspect of emotional attachment, refers to the tendency of consumers to maintain their relationship with the object of attachment. At this point, it can be said that emotional attachment should become an important resource for companies and should be used in customer relations. A high level of emotional attachment positively affects the likelihood of the consumer's emotional attachment to the brand. In terms of the results of the research proposal, emotional attachment, and attachment styles are expected to affect brand loyalty. It is expected that the research recommendation will be implemented among consumers over the age of 18 who have had previous flight experiences.

The Relationship between Brand Loyalty and Attachment Styles: A Research Model Proposal on the Turkish Civil Aviation Industry

Sümeyye

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention and to present a model that explores the interactions and moderating roles of workload and proactive personality in this context. Cabin crew members, who are integral to the aviation industry, face challenges due to the nature of their job (Liu et al., 2020). These challenges include the working environment, working hours, and negative interactions with passengers (Liu et al., 2020). Factors such as high altitude, confinement to the aircraft cabin, and low air quality define the flight environment. These adverse conditions, including radiation exposure, aircraft noise, and turbulence, can have a psychological and physiological impact on cabin crew members (McNeely et al., 2018). Another significant issue is the irregular and frequently changing working hours inherent to the cabin crew profession (Karatepe et al., 2016). Additionally, interactions with passengers can be challenging, potentially leading to fatigue and stress for the crew (Feijo et al., 2014). Cabin crew members not only shape the image of the airline but also play a crucial role in ensuring aviation safety (Liu et al., 2020).&nbsp;Job satisfaction can be defined as the pleasant or positive emotional state resulting from an individual's appraisal of their job or work experiences (Locke, 1969). A person's job satisfaction is high if they have a positive attitude toward their job; conversely, it is low if they hold a negative attitude (Erdoğan, 1994). Individuals subjectively evaluate and deem important factors that influence job satisfaction (Korkmaz et al., 2013). High salaries motivate some employees, while others prioritize learning and development opportunities (Muslim et al., 2024). The job itself, its nature, and relationships with colleagues and superiors generally influence job satisfaction. A fair evaluation system in the workplace is also considered effective (Robbins and Judge, 2017). Research has shown that a heavy workload, including jet lag, emotional exhaustion, and role overload, negatively impacts the general well-being and job satisfaction of cabin crew (Ng et al., 2011).Turnover intention is defined as the employee's plan to leave the organization, weighing whether to stay with their current employer or to leave their job. While organizations attempt to address the factors influencing this behavior, employee turnover remains a significant issue. No standard framework fully explains the employee turnover process, but individual, environmental, and organizational factors are important in understanding it. Research demonstrates the connection between job satisfaction and employees' turnover intentions and behaviors, and the mutual influence of these two concepts. High workloads increase turnover intentions among remaining employees when others leave (Eroğlu, 2020). There is a negative relationship between high levels of job satisfaction and commitment to the organization and turnover intention (Çekmecelioğlu, 2006).&nbsp;Proactive individuals are characterized by their ability to undertake tasks independently without needing direction (Bolino et al., 2010). Proactive employees, capable of taking personal initiative and sustaining passion to improve their work environment, are open to new ideas and embrace change (Robbins and Judge, 2013; Fueller et al., 2012). When confronted with challenges, they concentrate on their own resources instead of external circumstances, embracing an attitude that prioritizes personal growth and achievement (Fuller et al., 2010).Workload refers to an employee's personal perception of the difficulty and intensity of tasks assigned at work (Keser, 2006). It is one of the factors that affect employees' performance and intention to quit (Faiz, 2019).This research recommends conducting a quantitative study using the convenience sampling method. The study proposes using the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale to measure job satisfaction among flight attendants, the Intention to Leave Scale to assess turnover intentions, the Workload Scale to evaluate workload, and the Proactive Personality Scale to assess proactive personality traits. This research will review existing literature and introduce a model to examine the interrelations between job satisfaction, workload, proactive personality, and cabin crew's intention to quit. We anticipate that the study's findings will deepen our understanding of the working environment, potentially leading to positive outcomes for both employees and businesses.

The Moderating Role of Workload and Proactive Personality on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: A Research Model in the Aviation Industry

Hüseyin

Büşra

Melike

In today's business world, individuals' emotional intelligence skills have become a critical factor on the path to success in various industries. These skills contain significant elements that impact individual performance, particularly in emotional understanding, interaction, and management. The rapid changes occurring in the aviation industry today, along with technological advancements and the effects of global competition, have further emphasized the importance of interaction and collaboration among individuals. However, the conflicts that arise in this dynamic environment have also brought critical importance to the industry in terms of success and safety. Effective management of conflicts among aviation professionals can directly affect factors such as business continuity, safety standards, and passenger satisfaction. The main objective of this review is to understand the impact of emotional intelligence skills on conflict management in the aviation industry, to conduct an in-depth examination of the types of conflicts in the aviation industry, to identify the role of emotional intelligence and aviation professionals in conflict management, and to develop recommendations for conflict management practice.&nbsp;Intelligence is one of the topics that psychologists find challenging to agree on. Emotional intelligence is a form of intelligence that includes people's emotional awareness, emotional expression, emotional understanding, and emotional management skills. Emotional intelligence skills can be developed in various ways. Since conflicts can have different causes and characteristics, there are various types of conflicts. Communication conflict refers to problematic situations arising through communication between individuals or groups. Interest conflict refers to a situation where an individual or group is divided between multiple different goals or objectives rather than focusing on a single one (Ergül, 2012). Power conflict is a complex and multifaceted process that arises from the imbalance of power among individuals, groups, or organizations. Role conflict refers to a situation in which an individual continuously experiences conflict among different roles. Value conflict means a conflict or incompatibility of different values among individuals. Rights conflict is a type of conflict underlying disagreements between two or more parties.Conflict management, used as an expression for the resolution of these conflicts, is a process that aims to effectively resolve disagreements or conflicts that arise within an organization or between individuals. There is an important relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict management. An individual with emotional intelligence can recognize their emotional states, try to understand their causes, and thus identify the real issues underlying the conflicts. Emotional intelligence and communication are two interrelated concepts. Individuals with well-developed emotional intelligence can use their communication skills more effectively. There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership, and a leader's emotional intelligence enables them to exhibit effective leadership skills. Emotional intelligence is of great importance in social relationships and teamwork. Individuals with emotional intelligence in a team understand the emotional needs of other members and support them. Conflicts can affect many different areas in the aviation industry. For example, conflicts may arise concerning passenger dissatisfaction, disagreements among personnel, competition among airlines, and issues related to ownership and management (Atalay, 2019). The aviation world is a rapidly growing and developing field, so it occasionally witnesses various conflicts of interest and disagreements. These include competition among companies, conflicts between company management and employees, airport capacity issues, and international disputes over airspace. Examples of conflict management from real companies such as Southwest Airlines, Turkish Airlines, United Airlines, Emirates Airlines, Delta Airlines, British Airways, and Lufthansa are provided. Many methods and approaches can be used to resolve conflicts in the aviation industry. These include communication, adherence to standards, education, technology, and collaboration. In conclusion, considering the critical importance of conflicts in the aviation industry, especially in terms of safety and business continuity, effectively utilizing emotional intelligence skills can enhance success in the industry. These findings play a guiding role in strengthening conflict management practices in the aviation industry and understanding the effects of emotional intelligence in this field.&nbsp;This study also offers the following recommendations.- Emotional intelligence training programs should be organized for aviation professionals. These programs should focus on strengthening basic skills such as emotional awareness, empathy, and stress management.- Strategies should be developed to identify and prevent frequently encountered types of conflicts in the aviation industry. - Professionals in leadership positions should participate in leadership programs focused on developing emotional intelligence and effective communication skills. - Training programs should be organized for the specialization of mediators in conflict resolution in the aviation industry. - Measurement and assessment tools should be used to determine the emotional intelligence levels of aviation professionals. - Aviation companies should establish clear protocols to be followed in conflict situations.&nbsp;

A Review regarding the Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Conflict Management in the Aviation Industry

Katie

A Review: Accent Modification in Aerospace and Aviation

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

CALL FOR PAPERS

Arif

Examining Job Satisfaction and Its Sub-Dimensions in Air Traffic Control

İbrahim

Bilal

Perception of Safety Management and Safety Culture Among AbInitio Pilots

Özlem

Despite all the advancements, the civil aviation sector remains an industry with inherently high risks, and issues related to ensuring flight and ground safety are critical in all its operations. In this context, flight safety is one of the foremost priorities for civil aviation enterprises (Erdem, 2018: 1). Although it is undeniable that the hardware and software of an aircraft play a crucial role in safety, human factors are also indispensable elements of flight safety. However, humans are naturally prone to errors and mistakes because of their limited capabilities. Therefore, fully understanding the dynamics related to human factors and their impact on flight operations makes it possible to ensure full flight safety. On the other hand, the limitations of human capacity and abilities, coupled with the fact that various factors influence human technical and non-technical competencies, have made the role of the human factor in ensuring flight safety more important than ever (Başdemir, 2020: 55-56). Considering human factors as an integral part of safety management, they are necessary for understanding, identifying, and mitigating safety risks, as well as optimising human contributions to safety (ICAO, 2018: 25). In this sense, Crew Resource Management (CRM), which is seen as a vital tool for airline companies, enables them to meet changing demands without compromising the quality of flight services while ensuring the highest level of flight safety (Erdem, 2018: 1).&nbsp;The scope of this study encompasses Crew Resource Management (CRM) in the airline industry. The main focus of this study is on the human factor, which is a significant element in ensuring safety in flight operations and preventing and reducing accidents and incidents. CRM is defined as a training and management tool aimed at preventing individual errors and risks by efficiently utilising all available resources, including information, equipment (hardware and software), and people, and by developing non-technical (i.e., cognitive, social) skills based on the observable characteristics of teams (Powell and Kimberly Hill, 2006: 179). CRM, which requires significant training and experience, is a vital airline management process, especially in minimising potential problems or serious accident risks during flights. In high-risk and high-stress situations during flight operations, CRM requires the individual or collective effort of the flight crew to deal with or at least overcome damage (Lauber, 1987: 13; İleri, 2020: 36-37).&nbsp;On the other hand, the concept of safety climate, which includes organisational values, norms, beliefs, practises, and procedures related to safety (Schein, 1992; Guldenmund, 2000), is another essential factor in ensuring safety that is used to describe employees’ shared perceptions of how safety management is operationalised in a workplace (Zohar, 1980). The safety climate within an organisation influences an employee’s perception of safety. For example, when management is firmly committed to safety, it is assumed that employees are more likely to demonstrate safety commitment. Therefore, researchers and practitioners need to recognise the importance of the organisational safety climate because it may influence employee safety behaviour and help better understand incidents preceding accidents and injuries (Lu and Yang, 2011: 329-330).Based on the relevant literature and the developed hypotheses, this study aims to identify the reactions of cabin crew members to CRM training and to evaluate whether CRM training influences flight safety attitudes and whether these attitudes turn into behaviours. The research model considers the perceived usefulness of CRM training, organisational safety climate, attitudes towards CRM, and safety behaviour as variables. The independent variables were the perceived usefulness of CRM training and organisational safety climate, while the dependent variables were the cabin crew’s attitudes towards CRM and their safety behaviours. This study examines the relationships between these variables after the provision of CRM training. Another research objective is to determine whether attitudes towards CRM mediate the effect of CRM training and organisational safety climate on safety behaviour. In line with these objectives, statistical analyses were conducted based on the data obtained from the cabin crew members through a quantitative research approach, and the findings were presented and evaluated.&nbsp;Primary data for this study were collected from cabin crew members working in the airline industry who had participated in CRM training, using the “online survey method,” one of the survey methods. Psychometric measurement tools based on the Likert scale included the CRM Training Approach (Usefulness of CRM Training) Scale developed by Bennett (2018), the Organizational Safety Climate Scale developed by Neal and Griffin (2006), the CRM Attitude Scale adapted from Şekerli’s (2006) study and developed by Birgören (2015), and the Safety Behavior Scale developed by Chen and Chen (2014). A convenience sampling method, which is a non-probability sampling method, was used to reach cabin crew members who had participated in CRM training (basic, recurrent, or purser), and data were obtained from 421 participants. The obtained data were coded, classified, and analysed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationships between variables and their mediating role, and the hypotheses proposed in the research were tested within the framework of the pathways established between variables.&nbsp;The findings obtained in this study indicate that factors such as organisational safety climate and the perceived usefulness of CRM training impact employees’ attitudes towards safety and safety behaviours. The organisation’s approach to safety and employees’ attitudes towards CRM training are crucial in forming the necessary attitudes and behaviours for establishing cabin safety. The findings from the analyses, which identified the mediating effect, also showed that attitudes towards CRM mediate the relationship between safety behaviour and CRM. Organisational safety climate indirectly impacts safety behaviour through attitudes towards CRM. Additionally, the perceived usefulness of CRM training has a higher indirect effect than the organisational safety climate. In other words, a specific attitude towards safety is formed, leading to safety behaviours. Therefore, improving the organisational safety climate, increasing CRM training efficiency, and encouraging positive attitudes towards CRM can enhance safety behaviours. These results emphasise the importance of CRM practises in the civil aviation industry.&nbsp;CRM training plays a significant role in forming specific attitudes and behaviours related to safety. From this perspective, these findings reinforce the importance of CRM training and yield positive outcomes. These results highlight the importance of airline companies investing in organisational safety climate and CRM training to enhance employees’ safety behaviours.Since the structural research model examined in this study is original, there is a certain limitation in discussing the findings related to the relationships; however, these findings are in line with studies in the literature that emphasise the importance of similar CRM trainings (e.g., Yamamori and Mito, 1993; Simpson and Wiggins, 1995; Morey et al., 1997; Helmreich et al., 1999; Salas et al., 2006; Ricci and Brumsted, 2012; Birgören, 2015; Jimenez et al., 2015). These findings highlight the significance of factors such as organizational safety climate and CRM training to enhance positive attitudes and behaviours related to safety in the aviation industry.&nbsp;Based on these findings, it can be recommended that airline companies focus on improving employees’ attitudes towards CRM and, consequently, enhance their safety behaviours. It would also be beneficial for training developers to consider the findings and evaluations from this study to make practical contributions. Drawing from this study, it is essential to emphasise that airline companies should regularly review their policies related to CRM training and organisational safety climate, placing greater emphasis on these issues and fostering continuous safety awareness among employees. By investing more in CRM training, airlines can improve employees’ attitudes towards CRM and enhance safety behaviours. Improving the organisational safety climate can also enhance safety perception and support safety behaviours.In addition to these points, it is necessary to note that this study is based on quantitative data obtained from a specific sample. Therefore, its generalizability is limited to the research sample framework. Furthermore, all data were collected through surveys, subject to the inherent limitations of the survey responses, assuming that the participants' answers were accurate and honest. Additionally, the data were collected from only one specific sector, further limiting the generalizability of the findings. The data were gathered at a single time and cross-sectional, meaning that there was no longitudinal information on whether changes occurred over time. Taking these limitations into consideration is essential for the design of future studies.

The Effect of Crew Resource Management (CRM) Trainings and Organizational Safety Climate on the Safety Attitude and Behavior of Cabin Crew in Airlines

Merve

Sky-High Style: An Overview and Research Agenda on Aesthetic Labour in the Airline Industry from a Gender Perspective

Vahap

Prof. Dr.

To Err is Human

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The primary aim of this journal is to publish articles that center on the study of human factors in aviation and aerospace sciences, aviation and aerospace psychology, organizational behavior in the aviation industry, and crew resource management. We invite submissions covering different dimensions of aviation and aerospace research with the emphasis on human factors. Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (April and October) by the Institute for Aviation Psychology Research. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. There are no submission fees, publication fees, or page charges for this journal.

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics. Ethics committee approval must be obtained for all research that requires ethics committee approval, and this approval must be stated and documented in the method section.

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Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace

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The primary aim of this journal is to publish articles that center on the study of human factors in aviation and aerospace sciences, aviation and aerospace psychology, organizational behavior in the aviation industry, and crew resource management. We invite submissions covering different dimensions of aviation and aerospace research with the emphasis on human factors. Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (April and October) by the Institute for Aviation Psychology Research. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. There are no submission fees, publication fees, or page charges for this journal.Our journal is inter- and multidisciplinary in nature, covering a wide scope of areas:<ul><li>Aviation and aerospace psychology </li><li>Crew resource management</li><li>Aviation accidents and incidents</li><li>Organizational behavior in aviation</li><li>Human-machine interactions in aviation and aerospace </li><li>Human performance, limitations, and errors in aviation</li><li>Soft skills and competencies required for aviation professionals</li><li>HRM functions in aviation</li><li>Personnel selection in aviation industries</li><li>Cognitive abilities involved in performing aviation-related tasks</li><li>Effects of spaceflight on psychological health</li><li>Selection and training of astronauts and space travellers.</li></ul>

Aim and Scope

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%.Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

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The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

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Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive.The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9304324A991A4DB89BCF6C0E39962560" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.<ul><li>Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?</li><li>Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?</li><li>Is the problem significant and concisely stated?</li><li>Are the methods described comprehensively?</li><li>Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?</li><li>Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?</li><li>Is the language acceptable?</li></ul>Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

<ul><li>Times New Roman 12-point and double spaced should be used.</li><li>There is no word and page limit.</li><li>Original research, review, meta-analysis and document analysis articles are accepted. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish.</li><li>All correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online and it must be accompanied by a title page including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist) and cover letter to the editor. Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, Copyright Agreement Form that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.</li><li>In-text and end-text reference format should be prepared according to APA-7 style.</li><li>There are no limits for the number of tables and figures.</li><li>The text should consist of the following sections; abstract (Turkish and English), extended English abstract (for the articles written in Turkish), introduction (literature), method, results, discussion, reference list, tables and figures, appendices (when necessary).</li><li>English and Turkish abstracts should be 200 words. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. The extended English abstract should be between 600-800 words and include introduction, method, results, and discussion titles. </li><li>Tables and figures should be submitted as a separate document. The tables and figures should be placed in the main text, specifically mentioning their number (For instance, “Table 1 should be placed here.’’).</li></ul>

Author Guidelines

Author(s) are expected to cite primary sources in their studies.References to articles published as Early View should be given as &#34;publication in preparation&#34;.The author(s) are responsible for the accuracy of the references. All sources should be cited in the text and listed alphabetically.Reference Style and Format-    Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, adopts 7th edition of APA (American Psychological Association) style for in-text citation and references. The rules for this style can be found at the link below:-    <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/" target="_blank">https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/</a>-    References should be cited as indicated in the examples below.In-Text CitationSources should be indicated in the text by writing the surnames of the authors and the publication date in parentheses. If more than one source is to be shown, a semicolon (;) should be inserted between the sources. References should be listed alphabetically.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year and page number within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabeticallySamples: Citation with one author; (Carpentier, 2011) Carpentier (2011)Citation with two authors; (Deleuze &amp; Guattari, p. 1992) Deleuze and Guattari (1992) aim to explain schizophrenia in a positive manner (p. 45).Citation with three or more authors; (Curran et al., 2009) Citation with abbreviation: First Citation: (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2020) Next Citations: (WHO, 2020) First Citation: World Health Organisation (WHO, 2020) Next Citations: WHO (2020)To avoid ambiguity in in-text citations If the same author published more than one study in the same year: (Fiske, 2010a) (Fiske, 2010b) &#8288;If the first authors of multiple references share the same surname but have different initials, include the first authors’ initials in all in-text citations, even if the year of publication differs. (A.    A. Berger, 2010; J. Berger, 2010) If the authors of the same publication have the same surname, there is no need to include the first letters of their names. (Chen &amp; Chen, 2019)  Direct quotations When citing directly, sentence(s) are enclosed in quotation marks and page numbers are also indicated in in-text quotations. According to Luhmann (1982), “Subjectivity is an abstract term invented by philosophers which does not refer to human beings. The real subject of social action is the social system” (p. 324). If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabetically. (Mulvey, 2012; Ryan &amp; Kellner, 2012, p. 152).Citations in the Reference All the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Book a) Citation with one author; Berger, A. A. (2017). Media analysis techniques. Sage Publications. Kamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. McGraw-Hill Education.b) Translated book Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.c) Book with Multiple Authors Bordwell, D. &amp; Thompson, K. (2010). Film Art: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill.ç) Edited book Miller, T., &amp; Stam, R. (Eds.). (2004). A companion to film theory (Vol. 18). John Wiley &amp; Sons.d) Chapter in an Edited Book Jenkins, H. (2004). The work of theory in the age of digital transformation. T. Miller &amp; R. Stam (Eds.), A Companion to Film Theory (pp. 234-261). Blackwell.e) Chapter in the translation book Schmeder, G. (2015). İşbölümü dinamiğinde kopmalar ve kesintiler. C. Vercellone (Ed.) ve D. Kundakçı (Trans.). Bilişsel kapitalizm. (1st ed., 61-75). Otonom Yayıncılık.Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget’s theory (G. Gellerier &amp; J. Langer, Trans.). In K. Richardson &amp; S. Sheldon (Eds.) Cognitive development to adolescence: A reader (pp. 3-18). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum. (Reprinted from Manual of child psychology, pp. 703-732, by P.H. Myssen, Ed., 1970. Wiley)f) Book Review Gül Ünlü, D. (2018). Kitap incelemesi [Şeffaflık toplumu: Şeffaf toplumun eleştirisi üzerine bir okuma]. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 28, 279-290. http://iletisimdergisi.gsu.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/37677/436058Seo, S. (2016). [Review of the book Journalism and Human Rights: How Demographics Drive Media Coverage by John C. Pollock]. Journal of Communication, 66 (6), E-15-E-17. https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/66/6/E15/4082402?redirectedFrom=fulltextg) Book with Organization as Author American Psychological Association. (2009). Crediting sources: Citing references in text. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed., p. 177).Articlea) Article Seyidov, I. (2020). On conceptual and methodological deficiencies of data journalism-related studies in Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 58, 273-289. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0070 b) Online article without DOI Grist, L. (2007). Masculinity, violence, resistance: A new psychoanalytic reading of Raging Bull. Atlantis, 29(1), 11-27. Retrieved from https://go.gale.com/c) Popular magazine article Salmon, C. (2016, Oct). Ken Loach is right: British film and TV has become too cosy and conservative. Little White Lies. https://lwlies.com/articles/ken-loach-fake-nostalgia-tv-period-dramas/Thesis, Symposiuma) Thesis Kendrick, J. (2005). Screen violence and the new Hollywood [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Indiana University. https://www.proquest.com/openview/433bbaa0b9973dad53d0aa735d1f941a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=yb) Symposium contribution Gündüz, U. &amp; Pembecioğlu N. (2021, October, 26-27). Covid-19. H. Adıyaman (Chairs), The health agenda of media in the lights of information ethics and the Covid-19 sentiment analysis of garlic news [Symposium]. 18. International Communication in the Millennium Symposium, Erzurum, Turkey.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper Article Lee, E. (2019, February 1). Digital Media: What Went Wrong. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/business/media/buzzfeed-digital-media-wrong.htmlb) İnternet sayfası kaynakları Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized. http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/ adresinden 15 Eylül 2020 tarihinde alınmıştır.c) Official publications and press release Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Foreign Trade Statistics (Publication number: 45536). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics-January-2022-45536&amp;dil=2 The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. (2010, August 4). Administration officials continue travel across the country holding “Recovery Summer” events [Press release]. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/administration-officials-continue-travel-across-country-holding-recovery-summer-eveç) Dictionary Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Communication. In Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from https://www.lexico.com/definition/communicationd) Podcast West, S. (2020, December). On Media pt. 1- Manufacturing Consent (Episode 148) [Audio podcast]. In Philosophize this!. https://open.spotify.com/episode/04YIh1REL6KOxlnaJWlvfh?si=86782f420d744114e) Video/Film Zizek, S. (2008). Violence [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x0eyNkNpL0 Scorsese, M. (Director). (1976). Taxi Driver [Film]. Columbia Pictures.f) TV series Chase, D. (Producer). (1999-2007). The Sopranos [TV Series]. HBO.g) Social Media Manovich, L. [@manovich]. In the late 1990s South Korea became the leader in Internet connections, and they launched one of the first social networks Cyworld. Next, they used YouTube to create k-pop global popularity. Can they repeat their success in metaverse? [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/manovich/status/1462405978356207626  [Tweet] for Twitter, [Twitter profile] etc., [Facebook status] for Facebook, [Timeline] etc., [Picture] for Instagram, [Highlight] can be used.

<ul><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9C67F34EE0104078B1F488BCDAE7D04F" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a></li><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E562DC53D20F44BC8B1051236C2C1D84" target="_blank">Author Form</a></li><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/BD9D8EA8029643C5B57B0476FE80F949" target="_blank">Title Page</a></li><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/85C1FA1875E64C3AB432D24DEBD060D1" target="_blank">Sample Article File</a> </li></ul>

Ensure that the following items are present:●    Cover letter to the editor<ul type="disc"> <li>Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li> <li>Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li> <li>Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li> <li>Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li> <li>Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 7.</li> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A123B325D12A44D2B4C15B356E7E1F4C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E9FED17826F14F528310039D9BFF7CE5" target="_blank">Author Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6575C5875ABB4FEAA22CA9A2EEDEF319" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country),e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li> <li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Grant support, Conflict of interest, and Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>●    Main Manuscript Document<ul type="disc"><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>Abstract (200 words),  For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. The extended English abstract should be between 600-800 words and include introduction, method, results, and discussion titles.</li> <li>Keywords: 3-5 words</li><li>Body text</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul>

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Cem Güney Özveren
Cover (PDF)
Full Text (PDF)
Front Pages (PDF)