References

• Adorno, T. W. (2002). Essays on music. Berkeley: University of California Press. google scholar
• Adorno, T. W. (1994). Introduction à la sociologie de la musique. Genève: Contrechamps. google scholar
• Adorno, T. W., & Horkheimer, M. (1979). Dialectics of Enlightenment. London: Verso. Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical data analysis. Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience. Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. google scholar
• Attali, J. (1985). Noise: The political economy of music. Manchester: Manchester University Press. google scholar
• Bates, E. (2011). Music in Turkey, Experiencing music, expressing culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
• Bohlman, P. V. (2002). World music: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1979). La Distinction: Critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Editions de Minuit. Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Cambridge: Stanford University Press. google scholar
• Burgess, E. (2008). The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. In J. Mazluff (Ed.), Urban Ecology (pp. 71–78). google scholar
• Boston: Springer. Coulangeon P. (2005). Social Stratification of Musical Tastes: Questioning the Cultural Legitimacy Mode. Revue française de sociologie, 46, 123–154. google scholar
• DiMaggio, P., & Useem, M. (1978). Social class and arts consumption. Theory and Society, 5(2), 141–161. google scholar
• Featherstone, M. (1990). Global culture, nationalism, globalization and modernity. London: Sage. Feld, S. (2000). A sweet lullaby for world music. Public Culture, 12(1), 145–171. google scholar
• Gans, H. (2008). Popular culture and high culture: An analysis and evaluation of taste. New York: Basic Books. Hannerz, U. (1987). The world in creolisation. Africa, 57, 546–59. google scholar
• Kandiyoti, D., & Saktanber, A. (2002). Fragments of culture: The everyday of modern Turkey. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. google scholar
• Katz-Gerro, T. (2002). Highbrow cultural consumption and class distinction in Italy, Israel, West Germany, Sweden, and the United States. Social Forces, 81(1), 207–229. google scholar
• Keleş, R. (2918). Kentleşme politikası [Politics of urbanization]. Istanbul: Imge. google scholar
• Lamont M., & Fournier, M. (1992). Cultivating differences: Symbolic boundaries and the making of inequality. Chicago: Chicago University Press. google scholar
• Lewis, B. (1968). The emergence of modern Turkey. London: Oxford University Press. google scholar
• Markoff, I. (1994). Popular culture, state ideology, and national identity in Turkey: The arabesk polemic. In Ş. Mardin (Ed.), Cultural transitions in the Middle East (pp. 227–243). Leiden: Brill. google scholar
• Özgür, I. (2006). Arabesk music in Turkey in the 1990s and changes in national demography, politics, and identity. Turkish Studies, 17(2), 175–190. google scholar
• Özbek, M. (1991). Popüler kültür ve Orhan Gencebay arabeski [Popular culture and Orhan Gencebay’s arabesk]. Istanbul: İletişim. google scholar
• Peterson, R. (1992). Understanding audience segmentation: From elite and mass to omnivore and univore. Poetics, 21(4), 243–258. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-422X(92)90008-Q google scholar
• Peterson, R. and Kern R. (1996). Changing highbrow taste: from snob to omnivore. American Sociological Review, 61(5), 900–907. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2096460 google scholar
• Signell, K. (1980). Turkey’s classical music, a class symbol. Asian Music, 12(1), 164–169. Retrieved from https://doi. org/10.2307/833803 google scholar
• Silbermann, A. (1963). The sociology of music. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Stokes, M. (1992). The arabesk debate: Music and musicians in modern Turkey. Oxford: Claridon Press. google scholar
• Stokes, M. (1989). Music, fate and state: Turkey’s arabesk debate. Middle East Report, 160, 27–30. google scholar
• Slobin, M. (1993). Subcultural sounds, micromusics of the west. New York: Wesleyan University Press. Supičić, I. (1987). Music in society: A guide to the sociology of music. New York: Pendragon Press. google scholar
• Tagg, P. (1982). Analyzing popular music: Theory, method and practice. Popular Music, 2, 37–67. google scholar
• Tekeli, I. (2014). Lessons from Turkey’s urbanization experience. Ankara: Tepav Publications. google scholar
• Tekelioğlu, O. (2001). Modernizing reforms and Turkish music in the 1930s. Turkish Studies 2(1), 93–108. google scholar
• Tomlinson, J. (1999) Globalization and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. google scholar
• Ulusan, H., & Dulgeroglu-Yuksel, Y. (2011). Reading the ‘urban mixtie’ through residential environments in a mega city: case Istanbul. Enhr Conference 2011 Proceedings, Toulouse, 1–14. Retrieved from https://www.enhr. net/2011_france.php google scholar
• Woodard, K. (2007). Music mediating politics in Turkey: The case of Ahmed Adnan Saygun. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27(3), 552–562. google scholar
• Yarar, B. (2008). Politics of/and popular music: An analysis of the history of arabesk music from the 1960s to the 1990s in Turkey. Cultural Studies, 22(1), 35–79. google scholar

Citations