Research Article


DOI :10.18368/IU/sk.32607   IUP :10.18368/IU/sk.32607    Full Text (PDF)

CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980)

Suna Başak

It is possible to discuss our history of modernization in the Republican era until 1980 in three periods: 1923-1938, 1938-1960 and 1960-1980. The most significant changes that affected the socio-cultural structure took place between 1923 and 1938, when Atatürk was the most potent figure as “The Only Man.” Except for the last decade of the second period, the Republican People’s Party was in power. In 1946, there was a transition to the multi-party political system but the system was blocked as the necessary legislative and institutional changes for such a system had not been implemented. The period in our Republican modernization which started with the military coup in 1960 and ended with the military coup in 1980 and when there were deadly clashes between the left-wing and the right-wing was characterized by a rapid rural migration, improper urbanization, a fast disintegration of traditional structures and the emergence of a cultural lag. In this period, all the ideologies that were powerful around the world had their followers in Turkey with all possible varieties. In this article, the movements of thought between 1960 and 1980 are analyzed based on the distinction between absolute modernists, those favoring controlled modernization and those against it, which was made by Erol Güngör, who lived during the period in question (1938-1983) and had the opportunity to have an insider’s look at the socio-cultural structure with his rich academic background. In this article, which is a literature review, it is concluded that despite varieties in movements of thought, the positivist paradigm, which was the mainstream paradigm in the political culture of the second period, had a lasting effect until the end of the third period.

DOI :10.18368/IU/sk.32607   IUP :10.18368/IU/sk.32607    Full Text (PDF)

TÜRKİYE’NİN ANA SİYASAL-DÜŞÜNSEL EKSENİNDE DEĞİŞME EĞİLİMLERİ (1960-1980)

Suna Başak

Cumhuriyet dönemi modernleşme tarihimizin 1980 yılına kadar olan dönemini üç evreye ayırmak mümkündür: (1923-1938), (1938-1960) ve (1960-1980). Sosyo-kültürel yapıyı etkileyen en önemli değişmeler Atatürk’ün “Tek Adam” olarak en etkin pozisyonda olduğu 1923-1938 yılları arasında yaşanmıştır. İkinci evrenin son on yılı hariç Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi kesintisiz iktidardadır. 1946’da çok partili hayata geçilmiş, ancak çok partili siyasetin gerektirdiği yasal ve kurumsal düzenlemelerin yapılmaması sistemi tıkamıştır. Cumhuriyet dönemi modernleşme tarihimizin 1960 askerî darbesiyle başlayıp 1980 askerî darbesiyle sonlanan, sağ ve sol ayrımında şiddetin başat olduğu bu evre, köyden kente göçün ve çarpık kentleşmenin hızlandığı, geleneksel yapıların hızla dağıldığı, kültürel boşlukların oluştuğu bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde dünyada tedavülde olan ideolojiler tüm renkleriyle Türkiye’de de karşılık bulmuştur. Bu makalede 1960-1980 Türkiye’sindeki fikir akımları, tam da incelediğimiz dönemde yaşamış (1938-1983) ve ilmi birikimiyle sosyo-kültürel yapıya içerden bakma imkânına sahip olan Erol Güngör’ün mutlak modernist, kontrollü modernleşme taraftarları ve modernleşme karşıtı ayrımından hareketle değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Tarama değerlendirme makalesi mahiyetinde olan bu çalışmada; fikir akımlarındaki farklılaşmalara rağmen ikinci dönem siyasî kültürde başat olan pozitivist paradigmanın etkisinin üçüncü dönemin sonuna kadar hâkimiyetini sürdürdüğü sonucuna varılmıştır.


PDF View

References

  • Alpay, Şahin (1988), “68 Kuşağı Üzerine Bir Deneme”, Toplum ve Bilim, S. 41, s.167-185. google scholar
  • Başak, Suna (2010), “Erol Güngör’ün Modernleşme Bakışı ve Modernleşme Bağlamında Oluşturduğu Aydın Tipolojisi”, Türkiye’de Değişim Sempozyumu, Ankara, Gazi Üniversitesi Yay., s.111-146. google scholar
  • Bilgin, Vedat (2007), Türkiye’de Değişimin Dinamikleri, Ankara, Lotus Yay. google scholar
  • Bulaç, Ali (2003), İslam ve Demokrasi, Teokrasi ve Totalitarizm, İstanbul, Beyan Yay. google scholar
  • Çaha, Ömer (2010), Sivil Kadın, Ankara, Savaş Yay. google scholar
  • Findley, V. Carter (2011), Modern Türkiye Tarihi, çev. Güneş Ayas, İstanbul, Timaş Yay. google scholar
  • Güngör, Erol (2006), İslam’ın Bugünkü Meseleleri, 15. bs. İstanbul, Ötüken Neşriyat. google scholar
  • Güngör, Erol (1986), Kültür Değişmesi ve Milliyetçilik, 3. bs. İstanbul, Ötüken Neşriyat. google scholar
  • Güngör, Erol (1993), Türk Kültürü ve Milliyetçilik, 10. bs. İstanbul, Ötüken Neşriyat. google scholar
  • Kaya, İbrahim (2006), “Genç Modernlikler Çerçevesinde Türk Modernlik Deneyimi”, Türkiye’nin Toplumsal Yapısı, Ed. Mehmet Zencirkıran, Ankara, Nova Yay. s. 153-175. google scholar
  • Shageyan, Daryosh (1993), Yaralı Bilinç: Geleneksel Toplumlarda Kültürel Şizofreni,İstanbul, Metis Yay. google scholar
  • Türköne, Mümtazer (2007), Siyaset, Ankara, Lotus Yay. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Başak, S. (2016). CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980). Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(53), 205-219. https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607


AMA

Başak S. CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980). Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2016;0(53):205-219. https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607


ABNT

Başak, S. CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980). Journal of Economy Culture and Society, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 53, p. 205-219, 2016.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Başak, Suna,. 2016. “CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980).” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 53: 205-219. https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607


Chicago: Humanities Style

Başak, Suna,. CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980).” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 53 (Nov. 2024): 205-219. https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607


Harvard: Australian Style

Başak, S 2016, 'CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980)', Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 53, pp. 205-219, viewed 28 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Başak, S. (2016) ‘CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980)’, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(53), pp. 205-219. https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607 (28 Nov. 2024).


MLA

Başak, Suna,. CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980).” Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 53, 2016, pp. 205-219. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607


Vancouver

Başak S. CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980). Journal of Economy Culture and Society [Internet]. 28 Nov. 2024 [cited 28 Nov. 2024];0(53):205-219. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607 doi: 10.18368/IU/sk.32607


ISNAD

Başak, Suna. CHANGE TRENDS IN TURKEY’S MAIN POLITICAL-INTELLECTUAL AXIS (1960-1980)”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0/53 (Nov. 2024): 205-219. https://doi.org/10.18368/IU/sk.32607



TIMELINE


Submitted30.06.2016
Published Online26.11.2016

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.