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Samanthi

It’s No Laughing Matter: Translating Lingua-Cultural Humour in Asterix in Britain into Sinhala

Emel

This study embarks on an exhaustive exploration of the intricate interplay between societal dynamics and the evolution of thought within communities, with a specific focus on the Old Turkish language. Through a multidimensional lens, this study meticulously investigates the profound impact of Sanskrit on the linguistic development of Turkish, particularly within the realms of belief systems. The research endeavours to unravel the nuanced processes through which new words emerge within the Turkish lexicon, probing the dichotomy between organic linguistic evolution and intentional lexical contributions by individuals. At its core, this study grapples with the perennial question of whether language serves as a medium shaping human thought or if entrenched thought patterns, in turn, give rise to language.The study begins by postulating that the expressive capability of language is fundamental to human cognition, positing that every thought and emotion finds its most accurate and accessible expression through language. At the heart of this linguistic exploration are words, the elemental building blocks of language, which serve to concretise abstract concepts in the realm of human consciousness. Grounded in a thorough examination of written texts, this research discerns and identifies words to unveil the prevailing thought patterns embraced by a specific community, shedding light on the intricate interdependence of language and thought.Central to this study is the argument that language, with its structures and nuances, plays a pivotal role in shaping human perspectives and worldviews. Drawing inspiration from the early linguists who delved into the relationship between language and thought, this research systematically explores Abhidharma texts, a genre revered for its intersection of language and philosophy. Against the backdrop of Turkish civilisation, one of the world’s oldest, the study contends that the Turks possess a rich cultural heritage deeply rooted in a profound connexion to nature and a distinctive worldview.A significant segment of the research delves into the linguistic metamorphosis of the Old Uighur community, especially after their transition to a settled urban life influenced by Buddhism and Manichaeism. This thesis meticulously examines the integration of Sanskrit&nbsp;into the Uighur written language, notably within the Abhidharma texts, seeking to unveil the intricate dynamics of its impact on Turkish thought and expression.This study meticulously highlights the linguistic contributions of Sanskrit to the Turkish language, showcasing how Sanskrit words, particularly those embedded in Abhidharma texts, were seamlessly integrated into the fabric of the Uighur language. This assimilation of Sanskrit terms into the religious and philosophical discourse of the Turks serves as a compelling testament to the dynamic relationship between language and thought.In exploring the cultural context of Turkish civilisation, the research elucidates the profound connexion between language, thought, and societal values. This study contends that as a living repository of cultural identity, language is not merely a tool for communication but a vessel that carries the collective wisdom, beliefs, and aspirations of a community. In this regard, the research delves into the linguistic kaleidoscope of the Turkish people, deciphering how words reflect the ebb and flow of historical, social, and philosophical currents.Moreover, the thesis expands its inquiry into the philosophical underpinnings of Abhidharma texts, exploring how the intricate web of Sanskrit terms within these texts has shaped the philosophical landscape of Turkish thought. This study posits that the integration of Sanskrit terms into Turkish religious and philosophical discourse is not merely a linguistic phenomenon but a profound cultural exchange that has enriched the conceptual framework of Turkish intellectual traditions.As the research unfurls the tapestry of linguistic evolution, it underscores the dynamic nature of language, emphasising its capacity to adapt and assimilate external influences. Sanskrit's assimilation terms into Turkish not only underscores linguistic adaptability but also mirrors the cultural openness of the Turks to diverse intellectual traditions. This study contends that this linguistic assimilation is not a one-sided process; rather, it exemplifies the reciprocal relationship between languages and cultures.In conclusion, this study underscores the paramount importance of linguistic analysis in unravelling the complexities of thought evolution and the pivotal role that language plays as a reflective mirror of cultural and philosophical nuances within a community. The comprehensive examination of Sanskrit’s influence on Turkish thought not only enriches our understanding of linguistic evolution but also contributes to a broader comprehension of the intricate tapestry of cultural interconnectedness. Through this scholarly endeavour, the research aims to deepen our appreciation for the profound ways in which language serves as a vessel for the transmission and preservation of thought across diverse civilisations and epochs. Ultimately, this study serves as a testament to the enduring dialogue between Sanskrit and Turkish, weaving together the threads of linguistic heritage and intellectual traditions in the rich tapestry of human civilisation.

Reflection of Sanskrit Words Used in the Old Uighuran Language on the Context of the Language-Thought of Turkish Thought

Yunus

Esperanto (1887) is a constructed language that was first and foremost designed as an intellectual and artistic production of the human mind to facilitate communication difficulties between people whose first languages are different from each other. Since the birth of the language, it has been a subject of research and analysis that has attracted the attention of researchers because of its distinctive linguistic, cultural, social, and political characteristics. Setting off from these realities, this study aims to examine the appearances of derivational practises–which is in an indispensable position for a language to continue its existence in evolutionary development, as one of the word-formation methods within the working mechanism of Esperanto in both a descriptive and comparative manner. In this respect, the bound morphemes in the forms of suffixes and prefixes that Esperanto employs to add novel lexeme members to its vocabulary have been analysed from morphological and semantic perspectives. Related morphemes have been described in terms of the novel meanings they bring to the conceptual fields of root/stem structures and the behavioural restrictions they exhibit during the derivational processes. In these descriptions, Gledhilll (2000), Wennergren (2005), and Kellerman (2008) have been used as reference sources for grammatical definitions. Each morpheme has been exemplified with lexical items from the online dictionaries of Reta-Vortaro [Net Dictionary] (reta-vortaro.de) and Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto] (vortaro.net). Dural (2019) has used Turkish equivalents to these lexical items. Furthermore, all the lexical items have been provided with example sentences from Tekstaro de Esperanto [Corpus of Esperanto] (tekstaro.com), which is a comprehensive compilation of original and translated written works in the Esperanto language with a total of 12,473,421 words; these example sentences have also been translated into Turkish. As for the scope and limitations of the study, only official affixes in Wennergren (2005) have been included in the sample of the study considering the quantitative scale of the morphemes that the language possesses. Consequently, the study has focussed on the following morphemes: {-aĉ-}, {-ad-}, {-aĵ-}, {-an-}, {-ar-}, {-ĉj-}, {-ebl-}, {-ec-}, {-eg-}, {-ej-}, {-em-}, {-end-}, {-er-}, {-estr-}, {-et-}, {-id-}, {-ig-}, {-iĝ-}, {-il-}, {-in}, {-ind-}, {-ing-}, {-ism-}, {-ist-}, {-nj-}, {-obl-}, {-on-}, {-op-}, {-uj-}, {-ul-} and {-um-} as the suffixes; and {bo-}, {ĉef-}, {dis-}, {ek-}, {eks-}, {ge-}, {mal-}, {miş-}, {pra-} and {re-} as the prefixes. To label the semantic information that the morphemes process into the root/stem structures, semantic categories in Bagasheva et al. (2017)–proposed within the scope of the derivational network project (Körtvélyessyet al., 2020)–have been used as the theoretical framework of the study. In total, 34 semantic categories were used to label the semantic characteristics of the bound morphemes.As the final stage of the study, findings have been evaluated in terms of polysemy and homonymy behaviours exhibited by the morphemes, and Esperanto’s position against natural languages has been questioned. Rather than “one-to-one” principle, Esperanto’s bound morpheme inventory shows the features of “one-to-many” in polysemous and “many-to-many” in synonymous formations. As an example of the former case, {-ec-} has the derivational power to fulfil the semantic functions of STATIVE, ABSTRACTION, TEMPORAL and SIMILATIVE in different derivational environments. The latter case, on the other hand, has been detected in the independent morphemes of {-an-}, {-estr-}, and {-ist-}, all of which are agentive markers; however, they differ from each other in that the first has the semantic detail of “supporter of x,” the second “the manager of y,” and the third “the professional of z.” In conclusion, contrastive analyses between Esperanto as an epitome of constructed languages and natural languages such as Turkish and English have concluded that Esperanto behaves like a natural language in derivational processes.

Word Formation in Esperanto: Derivation

Osman

This study discusses the views on women as made by Joseph Reinach, who’d traveled from France to Istanbul and conveyed in his personal diary his observations on the cities he’d visited in relation to different themes. He touched upon issues such as traditional and religious practices, works of art, architecture, and food culture that he saw during these travels. One of the issues he emphasized the most in his writings was his different impressions of women in each city. Joseph Reinach traveled to various cities and depicted the women there from a romantic and subjective perspective. His journey from France to Istanbul included Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Romania, Pitesti, Varna, Constantinople, and Bursa. This study discusses how Joseph Reinach wrote his observations about the word woman in each city in terms of text-linguistic collocation. When making a comparison among the cities in the context of the use of collocations, the greatest diversity regarding emphasis, details, and descriptions was found for Varna, Belgrade, and Romanian cities.Joseph Reinach described the women he saw in the towns of Pitesti and Varna as being full of life and physically strong; he also described their very brightly colored dresses and how he was impressed with those colors. He referenced Greek mythology to talk about the young girls swimming in the sea and believed them to be of Jewish origin. He also commented on the women on the boat he’d boarded to get to Istanbul and how he thought they were scared based on the expressions on their faces, as if because they were heading to other unknown destinations.Upon his arrival in Ottoman lands, he found the Ottoman women to have acquired a very significant place in society, where women’s rights were at the highest level thanks to the Tanzimat Declaration; he also mention the presence of great developments for women both in the field of work and in the social field. How a traveler in Ottoman society had observed women adds significant anthropological value to the phenomenon.The article has attempted to unveil Joseph Reinach’s views of women based on his observations he cited in his book. Joseph Reinach visited different cities and countries on his way back to France. To carry out further studies on this subject in the context of travel literature would also be useful.

Collocation in Text Linguistics Through the Feminine Vision of a Traveler in the 19th-Century Orient: The Case of Joseph Reinach

Timur

Research on the syntax of Modern Turkish has been conducted under the influence of a view that we can call the traditional paradigm. The traditional paradigm can be examined in two phases. The first one covers a period from the time when the first grammar books of Modern Turkish were written to the development of Turkology research in Turkey. The first-stage traditional paradigm does not consider compound sentences as an important issue in Contemporary Turkish. Accordingly, because the structures expressed with subordinate clauses in Indo-European languages are met by the rich verbal system of Turkish, infinitives, participles, and gerunds do not constitute auxiliary sentences in Turkish. Turkish has two types of compound sentences: primary and secondary. The first type of compound sentence is a conditional sentence. Conditional sentences have been used since the earliest stages of Turkish. The second type of compound sentences are sentences with ki and referential sentences. These entered Turkish with the influence of foreign languages.&nbsp;Against the first phase of the traditional paradigm is a community of alternative views. These do not have the internal consistency to constitute a paradigm. Different researchers have classified compound sentences in Turkish by considering infitives, participles, and gerunds as part of the compound sentence. It cannot be claimed that the community of alternative views rests on an argumentative basis, as in the traditional paradigm. Instead, they addressed the issue of compound sentences more than a matter of classification.The second phase of the traditional paradigm began with a break in the Turkology literature in the 1990s. A new view claiming that the conditional suffix is not actually a verb mood suffix but a gerund suffix has brought about a re-evaluation of the compound sentence category. If the suffix that forms the conditional sentence is a gerund suffix, it is necessary to consider the conditional compound sentence as a gerund group. This break has led to the view that there are actually only simple sentences and no compound sentences in Turkish. In fact, a compound sentence cannot be mentioned in Turkish; instead, "the ways in which sentences are connected to each other" should be mentioned. The traditional paradigm, which accepts that there are three types of compound sentences in Turkish, is actually carried to its logical conclusion in the views in question. Because early stage researchers state that compound sentences in Turkish are an exception. Compound sentence types other than conditional sentences are secondary in Turkish. The syntax of Turkish corresponds to the structures expressed by subordinate&nbsp;clauses in Indo-European languages with a rich verb system. Therefore, there is no direct and primary compound sentence structure in Turkish, unlike in Indo-European languages. When the conditional sentence is removed from the compound sentence category, only secondary compound sentences remain in Turkish. Instead of expressing these in the category of compound sentences, it is more reasonable to discuss the ways in which the sentences are connected to each other.&nbsp;The second-generation traditional paradigm developed as a debate with the generative grammar view. Just as there is a community of alternative views against the first generation, there is a more formidable opponent against the second generation, this time based on a well-founded linguistic theory. Although the generative grammar paradigm has its roots in philosophy and linguistics, it has also influenced Turkology literature.&nbsp;The reflections of the traditional paradigm, which seems to affect the way compound sentences are handled in contemporary Turkish, also show themselves in research on contemporary and historical Turkish dialects. In research conducted on the syntax of contemporary Turkish dialects, the traditional paradigm appears to be almost the same as that expressed by the first generation. Accordingly, compound sentences in contemporary dialects are secondary structures that emerged because of external influences. The same viewpoint is also found in research on historical Turkish dialects.In this article, we attempt to reveal the emergence and development process of a paradigm regarding Turkish's syntax that has been influential for many years. The idea that the views discussed in the first and second generation traditional paradigms, which can be considered as seemingly different paradigms or ideas, are essentially the same paradigm, consisting of the same main idea and an idea expressed in the first generation, is brought to its logical conclusion in the second generation.&nbsp;

Traditional Paradigm in Contemporary Turkish Syntax Research

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Denis

Prof.

Sémantique structurale et poétique du sens

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Pierre

De la structure élémentaire à la structure translative

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Journal of Linguistics which is the official publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters is an open access, peer-reviewed, multilingual, scholarly and international journal published biannually in April and October. It was founded in 1976. As of 2023 issues, the print version has been stopped. The journal has become an online-only publication.

Journal of Linguistics provides a forum for studies exploring issues related to linguistics in the fields of social sciences and humanities. Journal aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in linguistics by publishing high quality articles. The target group of the Journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies, and institutions.

The scope of Journal of Linguistics includes linguistics, semiotics, literature, translation studies and learning sciences.

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The Journal of Linguistics

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Editor in Chief

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Journal of Linguistics provides a forum for studies exploring issues related to linguistics in the fields of social sciences and humanities. Journal aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in linguistics by publishing high quality articles. The target group of the Journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies, and institutions. The scope of Journal of Linguistics includes linguistics, semiotics, literature, translation studies and learning sciences.

Aim and Scope

SOBİADIndex IslamicusAcademic Journals Index-AjindexMLA International Bibliography MELA-Middle East Librarians Association EBSCO Communication SourceEBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source<a href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus/periodical/info?id=502896" target="" style="font-size: 14px;">Erih Plus</a>

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Journal of Linguistics –Dilbilim Dergisi is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), to access the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelinesnew/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelinesnew/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publisher) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

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It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced. All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9DEE427D05694919AB13FE558474BD1E" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form. </a>The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section. All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

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Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

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Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-inChief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

Language Articles in Turkish, English and French are published. Submitted manuscript must include an abstract both in the article language and in English, and an extended abstract in English is prefered for articles in Turkish and French.Manuscript Organization and Submission All correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iudilbilim" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iudilbilim</a> and it must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/970A72183439415ABF8E74C0483A7B4B" target="_blank">Title Page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9DEE427D05694919AB13FE558474BD1E" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted. 1. Manuscripts should be prepared using the Article Template. Due to double blind peer review, manuscript file must not include any information about the author.2. A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/970A72183439415ABF8E74C0483A7B4B" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, ORCID, postal address, phone, mobile phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).3. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 180-200 words both in the language of the article and in English. An extended abstract in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used is prefered to be included following the abstracts for articles in Turkish and French. If the manuscript is in English, extended abstract is not required. Underneath the abstracts, 5 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in the language of the article and in English.4. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract, sections, references, tables and figures.5. Article Types Research Article: Original research articles report substantial and original scientific results within the journal scope. Original research articles are comprised of Abstract, Key Words, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References and Figures, Tables and Graphics. Abstract: The abstracts in the language of the article and in English must be between 180- 200 words and state aim, method, result and conclusions of the study. If the article is in Turkish or French an extended abstract of 600-800 words in English is preferred to be included as well following the abstracts. Introduction: This section must contain a clear statement of the general and specific objectives as well as the hypotheses which the work is designed to test. It should also give a brief account of the reported literature. It should clearly state the primary and secondary purposes of the article. Only, the actual references related with the issues have to be indicated and data or findings related with the current study must not be included in this section. Methods: This section must contain explicit, concise descriptions of all procedures, materials and methods (i.e. data sources, participants, scales, interviews/reviews, basic measurements, applications, statistical methods) used in the investigation to enable the reader to judge their accuracy, reproducibility, etc. This section should include the known findings at the beginning of the study and the findings during the study must be reported in results section. Results: The results should be presented in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures, giving the main or most important findings first. The all the data in the tables or figures should not be repeated in the text; only the most important observations must be emphasized or summarized. Discussion: The findings of the study, the findings and results which support or do not support the hypothesis of the study should be discussed, results should be compared and contrasted with findings of other studies in the literature and the different findings from other studies should be explained. The new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them should be emphasized. The data or other information given in the Introduction or the Results section should not be repeated in detail. Conclusions: Conclusions derived from the study should be stated.. The conclusions should be linked with the goals of the study but unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data should be avoided. New hypotheses should be stated when warranted, but should be labeled clearly as such. Figures, Tables and Graphics: Figures, tables and graphics materials should be “.jpg, .tiff or .jpeg” format and they should be submitted with the article. These materials should be min. 300 pixels and they must not be bigger than page size. The illustrations should not exceed 10 pages. All illustrations should be labelled and a list of figures with captions, legends, and credits should be provided on a separate page. Review Article: Reviews prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge on a particular field and whose scientific background has been translated into a high volume of publications with a high citation potential are welcomed. These authors may even be invited by the journal. Review article should contain title, abstract and keywords; body text with sections, and references. 6. References should be in accordance with American Psychological Association (APA) style 6th Edition. 7. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the journal for publication.

Author Guidelines

The Journal of Information and Documentation Studies complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:-    American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.-    <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish encyclopedia of informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

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