Alina

Öğretim Görevlisi Dr.

In general, it can be said that it was not until the 19th century that the process of creating terminology was systematized. New terms emerged with different discoveries and were developed with the formation of the branches of science. The period until the 19th century is characterized by numerous terms borrowed from mainly Arabic and to a lesser extent from Persian. This “foreign” vocabulary made it difficult for ordinary people to access knowledge and information. In this context, the name Kayum Nasyry holds an important place. Nasyry, who formed the theoretical foundations of the Tatar literary language, was the first person to opine that Tatar should be used as the main source for scientific terminology. He analyzed exciting terms of botany, mathematics, chemistry, and medicine and suggested new terminology based on the Tatar language. He studied different methods of forming new terms and prepared glossaries of new terminology in his books. Many terms proposed by Nasyry are still used in modern Tatar. Taking into account the rules of the Tatar literary language, Nasyry also applied to Russian, Latin, and Greek terminology. Thus, at the end of the 19th century, Latin and Greek origin vocabulary in Russian and as a result in Tatar, which is called international today, began to enter the terminology of the Tatar language.After the October Revolution, the territory of modern Tatarstan entered the USSR. Therefore, the Tatar language was included in the USSR language politics, one part of which was the process of creating and standardizing terminology in national languages. Even though there were efforts to replace Arabic- and Persian-derived vocabulary with native Tatar words earlier, Persian- and especially Arabic-based terms constitute 50%-60% of Tatar scientific terminology. Therefore, while creating new terms, common and understandable Persian and Arabic words were left as terms or were used during new term formation. Those words that did not fully meet the defined concept or were not adopted in Tatar were replaced by more appropriate terms (Baskakov, 1959). In addition, during this period, because of the move toward the West, new resources such as Russian, Greek, and Latin languages influenced the development of Tatar terminology. The use of the Tatar language and the expansion of its functions, as well as the emergence of new terminological vocabulary, resulted in the preparation of terminological dictionaries for various fields of science.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Tatar language along with the Russian language was accepted as the official language of the Republic. As a result of the language policy adopted by the Tatarstan government, the social and cultural function of the Tatar language was expanded and the status of the language in the Republic of Tatarstan was stabilized. This led to the development of new terminology in several fields. Since 1995, terminological studies in the Republic are held in two main ways: a) the use of Tatar in all scientific fields and b) the preparation of terminological dictionaries and textbooks for schools and universities. During these studies, Tatar terminology in every field of science has become a complete system. With the initiative of the Language Law under the Tatar Higher Education project, nearly forty Tatar textbooks have been prepared.&nbsp;

Development of Tatar Terminology

Bertuğ

Assist. Prof.

Sümeyra

Öğretim Görevlisi

Volkan

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder resulting from an extra copy of the 21st chromosome. Along with various physical and cognitive problems, one of the important deficits in individuals with DS is language: DS is characterized by deficiencies in productive language and working memory, and individuals with DS have better receptive than productive language skills. One of the main areas in which receptive language skills play an important role is the mental processing of metaphors. Lakoff and Johnson determined that metaphors form naturally to meet everyday communication needs. Under their conceptual metaphor theory, people form some concepts through natural processes and daily experiences, and these concepts settle in their minds. Additionally, even if people are not aware of these concepts, their existence is made possible by the study of language.Within the scope of this research, we discuss the mental processing of conceptual metaphors in the context of DS to answer the following research questions: How do individuals with DS process conceptual metaphors? What errors do they commit in processing metaphors? What is the role of DS in these existing errors? For our research, we conducted a single-participant case study, one of the qualitative research methods, to examine and describe how individuals with DS process metaphors. We collected our study data using a test with 69 structured questions featuring 23 linguistic metaphors produced from six conceptual metaphors, all of which were conceptual orientational metaphors. The test consisted of three stages: true-false assessment, meaning matching, and verbal narration. The vocabulary test used contextual fill-in-the-blank and picture matching questions. First, the participant was given new, formulaic, and malformed metaphors and metaphors with literal meaning and asked to assess them as true or false. Second, the participant was given a sample sentence containing a conceptual metaphor and asked to choose the option that best represented the meaning of the sentence. Third, the participant was asked open-ended questions about the meanings of a group of sample sentences and expressions that contained conceptual metaphors. We recorded and transcribed the answers to the structured study questions and performed descriptive analysis of the responses. Our study participant was a female 15-year-old native Turkish speaker named A.K. who had trisomy 21 type Down syndrome and a special education background.We determined that DS has a negative effect on processing metaphors and that individuals with DS experience more difficulty perceiving and using new metaphors than they do formulaic ones. Both of these occur because individuals with DS have certain deficits in short-term memory, attention, and perception in addition to different physical disorders. Individuals with DS are more exposed to formulaic metaphors in their daily lives (at home, at school, in other institutional and social environments), and thus, they can use formulaic metaphors more effectively than other types of metaphors. We also found an inverse correlation between the incorrect usage of formulaic and new metaphors and literal and malformed metaphors in individuals with DS; this could be because another cognitive disorder known to the condition is lack of generalization ability and low perceptual discrimination.DS also particularly negatively affects the processing of abstractly structured orientational metaphors, primarily because individuals with DS cannot fully understand the other party and lack the ability to create symbols. When A.K. was asked to define and interpret the metaphorical items, she avoided giving verbal answers and preferred to use body language instead; she also tried to give answers in the context of the closest literal denotation instead of defining the metaphors. This situation can be explained by the inadequacy of productive language skills and the challenges with perceiving abstract concepts due to DS. Individuals with DS, who cannot adequately express themselves verbally, compensate for this deficiency in productive language by using gestures, and they tend to use the closest concrete expressions when they have difficulty explaining abstract concepts. Our findings from the final test of this study showed that using context, providing additional vocabulary options and visual support, and using repetition greatly improve the successful performance of individuals with DS.&nbsp;

The Impact of Down Syndrome on the Mental Processing of  Conceptual Metaphors

Bilge

The term “linguistic landscape” has come to play a key role in a number of sciences due to the ongoing interest in multilingualism, globalization, and language ecology. The study and analysis of the linguistic environment function as a specific diagnosis of the state of the social, cultural, political, and economic structures of a society. A linguistic environment study can, for example, reflect the ideological conflicts among language communities that are part of a language policy in a specific region.Questions related to the concept of the linguistic environment first came to the fore with applications that emerged in the field of language planning. Therefore, language planning authorities have included rules regarding the languages to be used in signage and signs in their language policies. The use and preference of different languages on signage reflect the relative power, status, and economic importance of the various languages used in a region. Therefore, regulations regarding the linguistic environment are generally in line with the language policy of a particular government regarding the use of languages in education, media, social and economic life, or other fields.The linguistic environment has two functions: informative and symbolic. The former denotes the boundaries of the region of a linguistic group, i.e., it shows which languages predominately come to the fore in the communication or commercial fields. The latter, expresses the value and status of the specific language perceived by a language community in relation to other languages.Linguistic environment analysis uses photography and visual analysis as its primary method. In this paper’s underlying research, signs on Cumhuriyet Street, the busiest and most crowded street in the central İpekyolu district of Van, were examined. A total of 331 signs have been identified on the specified route, categorized as either private or official state signs. The paper utilizes results from various sources, including reports of research and consultancy companies, those from the Turkish Statistical Institute, newspaper articles, and comments regarding linguistic landscapes found in previous research articles. Based on this research, this paper demonstrates how Turkiye’s official language policy is implemented from the bottom-up and top-down via individuals and institutions, whether there is a difference in official and private usage, and determines the Van’s prestige language.Since the first Turkish censuses in 1927, questions about mother tongue and second language had been asked until the census of 1985. As of the 1970 census, the transcribed responses to the language questions were delivered only to state institutions such as the Presidency, Prime Ministry, and National Intelligence Organization.A large number of the tourists coming to Van are from Iran, Iraq, and Syria, countries that border Turkiye, leading to an increase in the Arabic code preference in this city today. According to the statistics used in the Language Situation section in Van, the local population, whose mother tongue is Kurdish, constitutes the majority. Nonetheless, as a result of the examination of the bottom-up markings, this population prefers to use Turkish—the official language in commerce and daily life—followed by English, and Kurdish is only used in one sign. Bilingual usage in signs comprises mostly of Turkish and English or Turkish and Arabic combinations. In this case, clearly, the businesses in Van aim to reach non-Turkish speakers and thus, use English, the global prestige language in their signage. This could also be directed toward attracting the attention of local speakers.Globally, several studies focus on the concept of linguistic environment; however, the research related to the linguistic environment in the Turkish language is quite sparse. Therefore, we hope that the current research will lead future scholars to conduct more detailed and intensive studies on this subject.&nbsp;

A Linguistic Landscape Study: Cumhuriyet Street in the  İpekyolu District of Van

Hakan

Lecturer

Lexical Associations in the L1 Turkish Mental Lexicon: Can L1 Lexical Intuition and a Representative Corpus Guide Teaching of Turkish as a Foreign Language Materials?

Mine

Prof.

Accessibility is one of the general principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Article 3 (f)) and includes not only signage in public areas (Article 9 (2/d)) but also access to information (Article 9 (2/f)), and to new information and communications technologies and systems (Article 9 (2/g)). States Parties are required to take all necessary measures to enable persons with disabilities to access information (Article 21) and education (Article 24), through all appropriate modes, means, and formats of communication, including plain language (Article 2).This paper aims to determine the essential features of accessible Turkish texts by comparing readability across various written and oral texts that were randomly selected from educational settings and mass media. It is argued that more linguistic accessibility for everyone can be achieved by producing written and oral informative texts presented in the public domain, in plain Turkish, in accordance with universal design (Article 2).Following the Plain English movement in the USA during the 1970s, many countries (e.g., Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Sweden, and the UK) have given priority to the use of plain language in informative texts in the public domain for the benefit of their citizens, including those with reading difficulties due to dyslexia, aphasia, autism spectrum disorder, low levels of literacy, low vision, etc. As for Turkiye, the Accessibility Guidelines prepared by the Ministry of Family and Social Services includes only a number of suggestions concerning signage in public areas.Consisting of a total of 20,254 words/138,870 characters/1,683 units, the texts in the database were classified into four groups based on medium and mode: (i) Turkish language and literature textbooks (8th–12th grade) of the Ministry of Education; (ii) 45 news items from TRTHaber online; (iii) video lectures broadcast on TRT EBA TV (7th–12th grade), and (iv) television debates (four female and four male guests). The Flesch Reading Ease, formerly adapted for Turkish, was further adapted on the basis of the number of characters rather than that of syllables. With respect to readability, the textbooks (mean average 51.17) and news items (mean average 53.02) seem to be of average difficulty, while the video lectures (mean average 72.04) and debates (mean average 74.25) are easy. The average sentence length is 12.03 words, while the average word length is 6.86 characters in the entire database.&nbsp;&nbsp;Findings of the qualitative data analysis suggest the following for creating more accessible texts in Turkish:&nbsp;At the lexical level, we should prefer short and frequent words, consistent terms with explanations, and use words in their denotative meaning. We should avoid foreign words, abbreviations, professional jargon, and semantic ambiguity. Texts may differ in terms of lexical variety and lexical density, depending on factors such as style, field of expertise, language of instruction, etc.At the sentence level, we should prefer direct speech and short sentences containing fewer embedded clauses and passive structures. Verbatim reporting of speech in interviews seems to increase syntactic complexity (e.g., the number of noun clauses). Comprehension problems may occur due to ellipsis, scrambling, implicit (subject and object) noun phrases, and lack of access to prosodic information in written texts. Infelicity or ungrammaticality may arise due to long and complex structures uttered as part of spontaneous speech.At the text/discourse level, we should prefer highly coherent and cohesive texts that present small chunks of information in chronological and logical order. Experienced teachers seem to have applied a number of techniques for better (distance) learning, such as adopting a conversational style, introducing terms with explanations, asking themselves relevant questions and answering them clearly, making a review of formerly covered subjects, and so on. Multimodal redundancy, as in the case of verbal content being simultaneously presented through the acoustic and visual channels, may also enhance comprehension.Provided that automatic text simplification tools with sufficiently high performance in Turkish are developed in the near future, such tools may function as “reasonable accommodation” (Article 2) in adapting complex texts for various target groups, including those with reading difficulties. However, for the time being, producing informative public texts in plain Turkish in accordance with universal design seems to be the optimal way to reach the largest possible audience and empower those with reading difficulties.&nbsp;

Plain Turkish for Accessibility

Nabila

Mehmet

Assoc. Prof.

This research study explores the vocabulary-learning strategies used by Afghan students. The participants of the current study consisted of 202 students attending Kabul University and Yunus Emre Institute during AY2019–2020. Out of 202 participants, 92 were female (45.6%), and 110 (53.9%) were male. Based on the age distribution, the participants formed three groups (Group 1: 18–20, Group 2: 21–23, and Group 3: &gt;24). A descriptive analysis quantitative research method was utilized to study the problem. To this end, the participants were given survey questions (N = 25) adapted from the Schmitt (1997), Oxford (1990), and Kocaman and Kızılkaya Cumaoğlu (2014) surveys. The survey questions were focused on memory, determination, and cognitive, social, and metacognitive vocabulary-learning strategies. The data acquired through survey questions was analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis-H and Mann-Whitney-U tests after checking whether the data were distributed normally, via the Kolmogorov-Simirnov, Skewness, and Kurtosis tests.&nbsp;The results of the study indicate that among memory-based, determination-based, cognitive, social, and metacognitive vocabulary-learning strategies, Afghan students use the metacognitive strategy most frequently and the determination and social strategies least frequently. The results of the study also show that when ethnic differences among the students are considered, Persian speakers utilized more numerous vocabulary-learning strategies than Turkish-heritage students did. There was no statistically significant difference between genders in preference for vocabulary-learning strategies. However, according to the results, age was statistically significant. In other words, it is seen that participants between 18 and 20 years of age use strategies most often, and as a general tendency, the use of vocabulary-learning strategies seems to be negatively correlated to age. In other words, there is a decrease in the use of vocabulary learning strategies as age increases. Additionally, the participants aged 18–20 years and those aged 24 years and above used metacognitive and social strategies in a similar way.In conclusion, the study revealed that Afghan students studying the Turkish language had different levels of success with different vocabulary strategies (memory-based, determination based, cognitive, social, and metacognitive). Furthermore, as a second factor determining the use of vocabulary-learning strategies, ethnicity affects the range and the use of vocabulary-learning strategies. Moreover, as age increases, the use of vocabulary-learning strategies diminishes, making age difference another factor influencing the use of vocabulary-learning strategies. However, gender difference is not a statistically significant factor in terms of the use of strategies. The findings of the study suggest that learning the crucial task of studying while learning a foreign language is affected by various factors, including the type of vocabulary-learning strategy, ethnicity, and age difference. Therefore, future studies should be conducted to reveal more about both, the vocabulary-learning process and the vocabulary-learning strategies, to ease the learning a foreign language.&nbsp;

Vocabulary Learning Strategies Utilized By Afghan Students Who  Learn Turkish as a Foreign Language

Simone

Tuba

A Forgotten Source in the History of Linguistics:  Husserl’s Logical Investigations

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Denis

Sémantique structurale et poétique du sens

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Pierre

De la structure élémentaire à la structure translative

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Journal of Linguistics which is the official publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters is an open access, peer-reviewed, multilingual, scholarly and international journal published biannually. It was founded in 1976.

Journal of Linguistics provides a forum for studies exploring issues related to linguistics in the fields of social sciences and humanities. Journal aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in linguistics by publishing high quality articles. The target group of the Journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies, and institutions.

The scope of Journal of Linguistics includes linguistics, semiotics, literature, translation studies and learning sciences.

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SOBIAD Sosyal Bilimler Atıf Dizini

Academic Journals Index-Ajindex

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@METRIC_ISSUES

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The Journal of Linguistics

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Editor in Chief

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@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

Journal of Linguistics provides a forum for studies exploring issues related to linguistics in the fields of social sciences and humanities. Journal aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in linguistics by publishing high quality articles. The target group of the Journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies, and institutions. The scope of Journal of Linguistics includes linguistics, semiotics, literature, translation studies and learning sciences.

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SOBİADIndex IslamicusAcademic Journals Index-AjindexMLA International Bibliography MELA-Middle East Librarians Association EBSCO Communication SourceEBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source

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Journal of Linguistics –Dilbilim Dergisi is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), to access the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelinesnew/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelinesnew/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publisher) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

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Journal of Linguistics –Dİlbilim Dergisi adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules. <ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced. All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9DEE427D05694919AB13FE558474BD1E" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form. </a>The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section. All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing. Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed. Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal. Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective. Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side. A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-inChief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

Language Articles in Turkish, English and French are published. Submitted manuscript must include an abstract both in the article language and in English, and an extended abstract in English is prefered for articles in Turkish and French.Manuscript Organization and Submission All correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iudilbilim" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iudilbilim</a> and it must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/970A72183439415ABF8E74C0483A7B4B" target="_blank">Title Page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9DEE427D05694919AB13FE558474BD1E" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted. 1. Manuscripts should be prepared using the Article Template. Due to double blind peer review, manuscript file must not include any information about the author.2. A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/970A72183439415ABF8E74C0483A7B4B" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, ORCID, postal address, phone, mobile phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).3. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 180-200 words both in the language of the article and in English. An extended abstract in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used is prefered to be included following the abstracts for articles in Turkish and French. If the manuscript is in English, extended abstract is not required. Underneath the abstracts, 5 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in the language of the article and in English.4. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract, sections, references, tables and figures.5. Article Types Research Article: Original research articles report substantial and original scientific results within the journal scope. Original research articles are comprised of Abstract, Key Words, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References and Figures, Tables and Graphics. Abstract: The abstracts in the language of the article and in English must be between 180- 200 words and state aim, method, result and conclusions of the study. If the article is in Turkish or French an extended abstract of 600-800 words in English is preferred to be included as well following the abstracts. Introduction: This section must contain a clear statement of the general and specific objectives as well as the hypotheses which the work is designed to test. It should also give a brief account of the reported literature. It should clearly state the primary and secondary purposes of the article. Only, the actual references related with the issues have to be indicated and data or findings related with the current study must not be included in this section. Methods: This section must contain explicit, concise descriptions of all procedures, materials and methods (i.e. data sources, participants, scales, interviews/reviews, basic measurements, applications, statistical methods) used in the investigation to enable the reader to judge their accuracy, reproducibility, etc. This section should include the known findings at the beginning of the study and the findings during the study must be reported in results section. Results: The results should be presented in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures, giving the main or most important findings first. The all the data in the tables or figures should not be repeated in the text; only the most important observations must be emphasized or summarized. Discussion: The findings of the study, the findings and results which support or do not support the hypothesis of the study should be discussed, results should be compared and contrasted with findings of other studies in the literature and the different findings from other studies should be explained. The new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them should be emphasized. The data or other information given in the Introduction or the Results section should not be repeated in detail. Conclusions: Conclusions derived from the study should be stated.. The conclusions should be linked with the goals of the study but unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data should be avoided. New hypotheses should be stated when warranted, but should be labeled clearly as such. Figures, Tables and Graphics: Figures, tables and graphics materials should be “.jpg, .tiff or .jpeg” format and they should be submitted with the article. These materials should be min. 300 pixels and they must not be bigger than page size. The illustrations should not exceed 10 pages. All illustrations should be labelled and a list of figures with captions, legends, and credits should be provided on a separate page. Review Article: Reviews prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge on a particular field and whose scientific background has been translated into a high volume of publications with a high citation potential are welcomed. These authors may even be invited by the journal. Review article should contain title, abstract and keywords; body text with sections, and references. 6. References should be in accordance with American Psychological Association (APA) style 6th Edition. 7. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the journal for publication.

Author Guidelines

The Journal of Information and Documentation Studies complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:-    American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.-    <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish encyclopedia of informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9DEE427D05694919AB13FE558474BD1E" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/D4C72E9298044DB3B55420C3EEF48585" target="_blank">Title page</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/38652964614A4B53A686B7502C9439F5" target="_blank">Author Form</a>

Ensure that the following items are present: <ul><li>Confirm that the category of the manuscript is specifed.</li><li>Confirm that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Confirm that disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement is provided.</li><li>Confirm that last control for fluent English was done.</li><li>Confirm that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li><li>Confirm that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in with APA 6th.</li></ul>● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9DEE427D05694919AB13FE558474BD1E" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/7F32A1CE7A004001962D7EA9762EB6FF" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Grant support (if exists)</li><li>Conflict of interest (if exists)</li><li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>● Main Manuscript Document<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the the author (s) names in the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>Abstract (180-200 words)</li><li>Key words: 5 words</li><li>Body text sections</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, explanation, captions)</li></ul>

ISSN	0255-674X
E-ISSN	2718-0042
Period	Biannually
Editor	Hayati Develi
Journal of Linguistics which is the official publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters is an open access, peer-reviewed, multilingual, scholarly and international journal published biannually. It was founded in 1976. Journal of Linguistics provides a forum for studies exploring issues related to linguistics in the fields of social sciences and humanities. Journal aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in linguistics by publishing high quality articles. The target group of the Journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies, and institutions. The scope of Journal of Linguistics includes linguistics, semiotics, literature, translation studies and learning sciences.

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