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DOI :10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676   IUP :10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676    Full Text (PDF)

A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names

Büşra Güven, Muhammet Koçak

In today’s diverse and complex world, naming plays a vital role in communication, preventing confusion and establishing clarity. Researchers in the field of onomastics, a sub-discipline of linguistics, have taken an interest in understanding the significance of names and their underlying meanings. Institutionyms, a sub-branch of ergonomics, specifically analyze the names of all human-created objects, with a focus on institutions/organizations. This study examines the naming process of Turkish and German universities through comprehensive document analysis. The findings revealed intriguing differences in the types of names used by Turkish and German universities, including geographical elements, personal names/surnames/titles, specialization, mission, important dates and event names, and history-related names, compared to German universities. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers in understanding the cultural and historical contexts that naming practices can influence. The findings also reveal that there are notable cultural differences in the preference for personal names, with Turkish universities placing more emphasis on this category. Furthermore, German universities focused on using names related to local and national history and events. In contrast, Turkish universities prioritize these types of names, often incorporating them to reflect the heritage and identity of the region or country in which they are located. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of naming and the impact of cultural and historical contexts on the process and offers valuable insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers.

Keywords: Onomastic, Ergonomics, Institutionyms, Turkish University Names, German University Names
DOI :10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676   IUP :10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676    Full Text (PDF)

Ergonimi/İnstitutionimi Açısından Sözcüksel Düzeyde Bir İncelenme: Türk ve Alman Üniversite Adları

Büşra Güven, Muhammet Koçak

İnsanların ve insanları çevreleyen unsurların çoğalması ve çeşitlenmesi ile birlikte ortaya çıkabilecek karışıklıkları önlemenin en önemli yollarından birisi adlandırma yoluna gitmek olmuştur. Aynı zamanda bir anlam, bir mesaj da içeren adlar gün geçtikçe daha da önemli bir hâle gelmiş ve zamanla bilim insanlarının dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu doğrultuda adlarla ilgili yapılan araştırmalar dilbilimin bir alt disiplini olan ve onomastik olarak adlandırılan adbilim çatısı altında gerçekleşmektedir. Adbilim çerçevesinde yapılan araştırmaların da çoğalmasıyla bazı alt alanlar oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmada, adbilimin insan eliyle oluşturulan tüm nesnelerin adlarını inceleyen ergonimi alt dalının kurum/kuruluş adlarını araştırma konusu edinen institutionimi alt başlığı kapsamında Türk ve Alman üniversite adları ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede, bahsi geçen kavramlar tanıtıldıktan sonra Türk ve Alman kültüründe ad vermenin öneminden ve yükseköğretim kurumlarına ad verme sürecinden bahsedilmiştir. Adlandırmada öne çıkan anlayışları ve etkili olan unsurları belirlemek amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizinin kullanıldığı araştırmadaTürk ve Alman üniversitelerinin isimleri tespit edilmiş, sözcük düzeyinde anlamlarına göre sınıflandırılmış ve ortaya çıkan bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 203 üniversitenin adlarının 170 ‘coğrafi unsur’, 58 ‘kişi adı/soyadı/unvanı’, 36 ‘ihtisas’, 21 ‘misyon’, 11 ‘önemli tarih ve olay adı’ ve 3 ‘ilgili coğrafyanın tarihiyle ilgili adlar’ barındırdığı, incelenen 87 Alman üniversitesinin ise 83 ‘coğrafi unsur’, 29 ‘kişi adı/soyadı/unvanı’, 20 ‘ihtisas’ ve 4 ‘misyon’ adı ile ilgili sözcükler içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Her ne kadar üst sınıflandırmalar aynı olsa da özellikle kişi adlarının tercihinde kültürel düzeyde anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu, Türk üniversiteler özelinde ise Alman üniversite adlarında yer almayan yerel ve ülke geneli ile ilgili milli tarih ve olay adlarınınyer aldığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords: Onomastik, Ergonimi, İnstitutionimi, Türk Üniversite Adları, Alman Üniversite Adları

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


This study analyzes Turkish and German university names to determine which factors are emphasized in their naming, by first providing theoretical information on onomastics and its sub-areas, including ergonomics and Institutionyms. The study then introduces these concepts in Turkish literature and examines the naming practices of universities in both countries, offering concrete examples to illustrate the legal implementation of naming higher education institutions. Through document analysis, this study compares university names in both countries, revealing effective naming elements and cultural differences.

The analysis of Turkish and German university names revealed the most commonly used categories, including ‘geographical elements’, ‘personal names/surnames/titles’, ‘specialized names’, and ‘mission names’. German universities had these four classifications, while Turkish universities had just ‘important history and events’ and ‘names related to the history of the relevant geography’.

Regarding geographical elements, both Turkish and German universities commonly used titles of ‘city’, ‘town’, and ‘region’, with ‘city’ being the most frequently used. However, German universities use the titles ‘state’ and ‘continent’ , which are not commonly used in Turkish universities. Additionally, Turkish universities have names of ‘district’, ‘sea/lake’, ‘river’, and ‘mountain’ that are not found in German universities. It is noteworthy that Turkish universities do not have names of specific geographical formations like ‘Pamukkale’ (travertine) and ‘Bakırçay’ (valley) classified under the heading of ‘other’. The most significant distinctions were found in the category of ‘university names that include the person’s name, surname, or title’. While both countries prefer ‘founder and/or philanthropist names’. German universities demonstrated a longer historical process, dating back to ancient times.

For example, the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, founded in 1386 by I. Ruprecht, the prince of Kurpfalz, holds the distinction of being Germany’s first university. The university’s name also honors another historical figure, Karl, who restructured the university in 1803. This example highlights how German universities often include the names of multiple individuals in their naming conventions.

After analyzing German universities, eight universities, including Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, were formed by merging two distinct names. In Turkey, only foundation universities like Koç and Sabancı have names of founders, while four state universities (Sıtkı Koçman, İzzet Baysal, İbrahim Çeçen, and Eren) are named after benevolent individuals.

In addition, the names of personalities such as Leibniz, Luther, Schiller, and Gutenberg in Germany were named after universities of the regions where they lived, while the name of Nobel Peace Prize winner Carl von Ossietzky was named after the university in Oldenburg, although it is not related to the region where he lived.

This situation is similar in Turkey, where names of personalities such as Hacı Bayram Veli, Hacı Bektaş Veli, and Ahi Evran are named after the universities in the regions where they lived, and only Korkut Ata’s name is included in the name of the university in Osmaniye, regardless of his geographical connection.

A noteworthy observation in Turkish university names is the prevalence of government officials’ names, both from the pre-Republican and post-Republican periods. Officials such as Fatih Sultan Mehmed, Alparslan, Alaaddin Keykubat, Atatürk, Adnan Menderes, Alparslan Türkeş, Necmettin Erbakan, and Bülent Ecevit were among those honored named in this context.

Notably, Turkish universities also adopted the practice of naming institutions after contemporary figures such as Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül, and Binali Yıldırım during their lifetime. In earlier times, the name of 9th President Süleyman Demirel was also given while he was alive. Contrary to Turkish universities, the names of poets, writers, and scientists are more common in German university names, while the naming of folk heroes is not common in German universities.

Furthermore, this study found that Turkish universities have 17 different names, while German universities have 10. German universities also use more specific domain names such as ‘mining’, ‘psychology’, and ‘company management’, which are not common in Turkish university names. Similarly, Turkish universities used mission names more frequently (21 times) than German universities (4 times).

In summary, both Turkish and German universities use geographical, specialization, and mission names. However, Turkish universities also incorporate historical figures, opinion leaders, folk heroes, and pre-republican civilizations in their naming, reflecting the cultural/national and spiritual sensibilities of Turkish society and the state. On the other hand, German universities prioritize the names of founders, poets, writers, and scientists, placing less emphasis on national and spiritual elements. The most significant difference between the two countries lies in the preference for people-based names.


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APA

Güven, B., & Koçak, M. (2023). A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names. Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur, 0(50), 90-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676


AMA

Güven B, Koçak M. A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names. Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur. 2023;0(50):90-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676


ABNT

Güven, B.; Koçak, M. A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names. Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 50, p. 90-107, 2023.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Güven, Büşra, and Muhammet Koçak. 2023. “A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names.” Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur 0, no. 50: 90-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676


Chicago: Humanities Style

Güven, Büşra, and Muhammet Koçak. “A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names.” Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur 0, no. 50 (May. 2024): 90-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676


Harvard: Australian Style

Güven, B & Koçak, M 2023, 'A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names', Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur, vol. 0, no. 50, pp. 90-107, viewed 7 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Güven, B. and Koçak, M. (2023) ‘A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names’, Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur, 0(50), pp. 90-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676 (7 May. 2024).


MLA

Güven, Büşra, and Muhammet Koçak. “A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names.” Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur, vol. 0, no. 50, 2023, pp. 90-107. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676


Vancouver

Güven B, Koçak M. A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names. Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur [Internet]. 7 May. 2024 [cited 7 May. 2024];0(50):90-107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676 doi: 10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676


ISNAD

Güven, Büşra - Koçak, Muhammet. “A Lexical Analysis in Terms of Ergonomics/Institutionyms: Turkish and German University Names”. Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur 0/50 (May. 2024): 90-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/sdsl2023-1257676



TIMELINE


Submitted28.02.2023
Accepted31.07.2023
Published Online26.12.2023

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