Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections

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DOI :10.26650/tjbc.1714291   IUP :10.26650/tjbc.1714291    Full Text (PDF)

Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic

Süreyya İsfendiyaroğlu, Ömral Ünsal Özkoç

Objective: This study examines the regional extinction processes of three game bird species—Black Grouse (Lyrurus tetrix), Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix), and Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus)—whose local populations were documented in pre-Republican İstanbul. By situating İstanbul’s biodiversity loss within a historical context, this study aims to offer insights into contemporary conservation policies.

Materials and Methods: For each species, historical observations were compiled, and these data were organized chronologically to illustrate the species’ distribution, rarity trends and the reported sightings within İstanbul. Records supporting the presence of species in İstanbul and its environs were compared against their natural distribution ranges. This comparison assessed whether the populations in İstanbul were naturally established native populations or introduced ones.

Results: Belonging to the Phasianidae family, these birds were not only subjects of naturalistic observation during the Ottoman period but also integral to hunting traditions, culinary culture, and economic life. Travel journals and naturalists’ articles indicate that these species were observed, hunted, and consumed in the vicinity of İstanbul between the 17th and 19th centuries.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that intensive hunting and the live bird trade exerted pressure on these small and vulnerable populations. Even though their habitats remained largely intact, these species eventually disappeared from the region.

Keywords: Gamebirds, Hunting, Historical Ornithology, İstanbul, Phasianidae

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APA

İsfendiyaroğlu, S., & Özkoç, Ö.Ü. (2019). Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291


AMA

İsfendiyaroğlu S, Özkoç Ö Ü. Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291


ABNT

İsfendiyaroğlu, S.; Özkoç, Ö.Ü. Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

İsfendiyaroğlu, Süreyya, and Ömral Ünsal Özkoç. 2019. “Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic.” Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291


Chicago: Humanities Style

İsfendiyaroğlu, Süreyya, and Ömral Ünsal Özkoç. “Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic.” Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections 0, no. 0 (Aug. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291


Harvard: Australian Style

İsfendiyaroğlu, S & Özkoç, ÖÜ 2019, 'Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic', Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 14 Aug. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291


Harvard: Author-Date Style

İsfendiyaroğlu, S. and Özkoç, Ö.Ü. (2019) ‘Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic’, Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291 (14 Aug. 2025).


MLA

İsfendiyaroğlu, Süreyya, and Ömral Ünsal Özkoç. “Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic.” Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291


Vancouver

İsfendiyaroğlu S, Özkoç ÖÜ. Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections [Internet]. 14 Aug. 2025 [cited 14 Aug. 2025];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291 doi: 10.26650/tjbc.1714291


ISNAD

İsfendiyaroğlu, Süreyya - Özkoç, ÖmralÜnsal. “Regional Extinction of Three Game Birds (Family: Phasianidae) in İstanbul Before the Founding of the Turkish Republic”. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections 0/0 (Aug. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1714291



TIMELINE


Submitted04.06.2025
Accepted08.07.2025
Published Online10.07.2025

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