Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy and Stem Cell Research

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DOI :10.26650/B/LS17LS30.2025.038.006   IUP :10.26650/B/LS17LS30.2025.038.006    Tam Metin (PDF)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cytokine Content: Relationship with Zap70 Expression

Nilgün Işıksaçan, Murat Koşer, Suzan Çınar, Esin Çetin Aktaş, Günnur Deniz

T cell activation requires many intracellular and extracellular processes. One of them is intracellular pathways, in which protein-tyrosine kinases play a role. T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) activation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of many cellular proteins including Zeta (𝜁 )-chain associated protein kinase with a molecular weight of 70 kDa (ZAP-70), which co-precipitates with zeta upon TCR stimulation. Activated ZAP70 regulates immune system cell motility, adhesion and cytokine expression, including gamma delta T, memory CD8+ T, natural killer (NK), mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT), naive CD8+ T, regulatory T, memory CD4+ T, and naive CD4+ T cells. ZAP70 circuitously participates in B cell development and activation. ZAP70 is identified as a biological marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which independently of its kinase activity, enhances B cell receptor signaling of CLL cells. It also enhances migration to chemokines and the response to survival stimuli from the microenvironment. The cytokines secreted in the CLL cells, and the cytokine reserve of the T cells, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, IL-21, IL-1 beta, tumor growth factor beta (TGF-beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), etc, affect the development and life span of the CLL cells.


Anahtar Kelimeler: B neoplasms, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cytokine, zeta (𝜁 )-chain associated protein kinase 70

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