Genel Geri̇atri̇ye Gi̇ri̇ş
Büşra Can, Aslı Tufan Çinçin, Gülistan Bahat ÖztürkGeriatri, 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin dahili hastalıkları ve buna ek olarak koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri, işlevsellikleri ve psikososyal yaşamları ile ilgilenen bilim dalıdır. “Geras” (ileri yaş) ve “iatrikos” (hekim) kelimelerinden türetilmiştir. İşlevselliğin bozulması yaşlanmanın kaçınılmaz bir sonucu değildir; geriatrik sendromlar (bilişsel bozukluk, düşme, malnütrisyon, inkontinans gibi) arttıkça bağımlılık oranı da artmaktadır1 . Geriatri, tüm dahili branşlar gibi tedavi edici yaklaşımların yanı sıra koruyucu yaklaşımlar da uygulayarak ve yaklaşım planını kişinin durumuna göre bireyselleştirerek yaşlı bireyin yaşam kalitesini ve yaşam süresini artırmayı hedefler. Dünyada ve ülkemizde beklenen yaşam süresi artmaktadır. Dünya genelinde 2030 yılında her altı kişiden birinin 60 yaş ve üzerinde olması öngörülmekte, 80 yaş ve üzeri kişi sayısının ise 2050’de üç katına çıkması beklenmektedir (426 milyon)2 . Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun verilerine göre ülkemizde 65 yaş ve üzeri nüfus son beş yılda %24 artarak 2021 yılında 8 milyon 245 bin 124 kişiye ulaşmıştır. Yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki oranı ise 2016 yılında %8,3 iken, 2021 yılında %9,7’ye yükselmiştir.3 Bu nedenle erişkin ile ilgilenen tüm branşlar gibi nefroloji pratiğinde de giderek artan oranda yaşlı hasta ile karşılaşılacaktır. Yaşlı hastaların çok boyutlu değerlendirilmeyi gerektiren kendine özgü dinamiklerinin olduğu nefrologlar tarafından da göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu bağlamda kitabın bu bölümünde geriatrik nefroloji kavramı; “Geriatrinin Dünyada ve Türkiye’deki Gelişimi”, “Geriatrik Nefrolojinin Dünyada ve Türkiye’deki Gelişimi” ve “Yaşlı Nefroloji Hastalarında Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Durumlar” başlıkları altında incelenecektir.
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