Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Coğrafya ve Kartografya

EnglishTürkçe

BÖLÜM


DOI :10.26650/B/AH03AH08.2024.039.012   IUP :10.26650/B/AH03AH08.2024.039.012    Tam Metin (PDF)

The Eastern Adriatic Coast in the Narratives of the Early-Modern Ottoman Navigator and Cartographer, Piri Reis

Dubravka Mlinaric, Josip Faričić

The aim of this chapter is to show the contribution of Pîrî Reis and his work Kitâb-ı Bahriye (a high-quality mixture of nautical charts and narrative sailing manual) to a better, more comprehensive and improved understanding of the geographical features of the eastern-Adriatic coast and sailing routes. Therefore, the authors will qualitatively compare some of his nautical charts with a selection of contemporary Italian nautical charts and maps to find specific innovations in his approach. Pîrî Reis’s excellent surveying and cartography of some of today’s Croatian ports and coasts proved his ability to obtain fairly accurate information about the Dalmatian territories under Venetian rule, which were hardly accessible to him as an Ottoman naval officer. Regardless of whether he obtained his data from precise cartography or some other reliable source of spatial data, and regardless of the origin of the data he used, the knowledge presented in his nautical charts additionally testified to his rich personal navigational experience. Moreover, he contributed to the transmission of geographical information by adopting, transposing and transforming it in the most appropriate way. This also testifies to the openness of an Ottoman navigator and cartographer to the transcultural exchange of knowledge in the Adriatic region of the 16th century


Anahtar Kelimeler: Adriatic Sea, Pîrî Reis, cartography, nautical chart, map, 16th century

Referanslar

  • Alai, Cyrus. “Mapping the Mediterranean; By the Cartographers of Medieval Islamic Societies”. IMCOS Journal 152 (2018): 36-46. google scholar
  • Bartolommeo Zamberti dalli Sonetti. “Nautical Chart of the Adriatic Sea”, 1485, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London; Call number MS 38-9920C, P/21(2). google scholar
  • Barzman, Karen-edis. The Limits of Identity: Early Modern Venice, Dalmatia, and the Representation of Difference. Leiden and Boston: Brill; 2017. google scholar
  • Bellin, Jacques-Nicolas. Description geographique du golfe de Venise et de la Moree. Paris; 1771. google scholar
  • Benedetto Bordone. “Map of The Islands of Cres and Losinj”, 1547, Scientific Library, Zadar, Call number 27317 / R 317. google scholar
  • Benedetto Bordone. Isolario di Benedetto Bordone nel qual si ragiona di tutte l’isole del mondo: con li lor nomi antichi & moderni, historie, fauole, & modi del loro viuere, & in qual parte del mare stanno, & in qual parallelo & clima giaciono. Venice, 1547. google scholar
  • Brummett, Palmira. “Visions of the Mediterranean: A Classification”. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 37(1) (2007): 9-55. google scholar
  • Brummett, Palmira. Mapping the Ottomans: Sovereignty, Territory, and Identity in the Early Modern Mediterranean. Camb-ridge: Cambridge University Press; 2015. google scholar
  • Emiralioğlu, Pınar. Geographical Knowledge and Imperial Culture in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. London and New York: Routledge; 2016. google scholar
  • Faricic, Josip. “Geografsko-kartografski okvir Zoranicevih Planina”, Zadarski filoloski dani II, edited by Divna Mrdeza Antonina, 103-23. Zadar: Sveuciliste u Zadru, 2009. google scholar
  • Faricic, Josip. “Kartographische Tatigkeiten in Dalmatien wahrend der zweiten österreichischen Herrschaft”, Kroatiens Küste im Lichte der Habsburgermonarchie; Transkulturelle Forschungen an den Österreich-Bibliotheken im Ausland 16, edited by Aneta Stojic, Anita Pavic Pintaric, 141-59. Wien: New Academic Press, 2017. google scholar
  • Faricic, Josip, Mirosevic, Lena. “Carta di cabotaggio del Mare Adriatico (1822-1824): A Turning-Point in the Development of Adriatic Maritime Cartography”. Imago mundi 69 (1) (2017): 99-111. google scholar
  • Giovanni Francesco Camocio. Isole famose porti: fortezze, e terre maritime sottoposte alla Ser.ma Sig.ria di Venetia, ad altri Principi Christiani, et al Sig.or Turco nouamente poste in luce (Venice, 1571). In Italian; Simon Pinargenti, Isole che son da Venetia nella Dalmatia et per tutto l’Arcipelago, fino a Costantinopoli, con le loro Fortezze e con le terre piu notabili di Dalmatia (Venice, 1573). In Italian; Giuseppe Rosaccio, Viaggio da Venetia a Constantinopoli Per Mare e per Terra et insieme quello di Terra Santa. Venice, 1598. google scholar
  • Goodrich, Thomas D. “A Cartographic Innovation of Piri Reis in His Kitâb-ı Bahriye”. CIEPO XIV. Sempoziumu Bildirileri, editör Tuncer Baykara, 201-10. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi; 2004. google scholar
  • Goodrich, Thomas D. “Ottoman Portolans”. Portolan 7 (1986): 6-11. google scholar
  • Harley, J. B. “Deconstructing the Map”. Cartographica 2 (26) (1989): 1-20. google scholar
  • Istanbul Topkapi Sarayi, Library, Ms. Bagdat 337. google scholar
  • Istanbul, Suleymaniye Library, Ms Aya Sofya 3161. google scholar
  • Istanbul, Topkapi Sarayi, Library, Ms. Hazine 642. google scholar
  • İnan, Afet. Life and Works of Piri Reis. Ankara: Turkish Historical Association; 1975. google scholar
  • Juran, Kristijan, Barzman, Karen-Edis, Faricic, Josip. “Cartography in the Service of the Venetian State: An Early 16th-cen-tury Map of Central and Northern Dalmatia by an Unknown Draftsman”. Geoadria 24 (2) (2019): 93-139. google scholar
  • Kahle, Paul. “Piri Re’is: The Turkish Sailor and Cartographer”. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 4 (1956): 101-103. google scholar
  • Karamustafa, Ahmet T. “Introduction to Ottoman Cartography”. The History of Cartography 2, book 1, Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies, J. B. Harley, David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1992): 206-208. google scholar
  • Karamustafa, Ahmet T. “Military, Administrative, and Scholarly Maps and Plans”. The History of Cartography 2, book 1, Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies, edited by J. B. Harley, David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1992): 209-228. google scholar
  • Kissling, Von Hans Joachim. “Die Istrische Küste im See-Atlas des Piri-Re’is”, Studia Slovenica Monacensia: In honorem Antonii Slodnjak septuagenarii, 43-52. Munich: Rudolf Trofenik; 1969. google scholar
  • Kozlicic, Mithad, Mlinaric, Dubravka, Andric, Marta, “Zadarski akvatorij u Pîrî Reisovoj Knjizi pomorstva iz 1526. godine: Pomorsko-geografske slike dijela hrvatskoga Jadrana”. Geoadria 20 (2) (2015): 119-47. In Croatian. google scholar
  • Kozlicic. Mithad. Kartografski spomenici istocnog Jadrana. Zagreb: AGM, 1995. google scholar
  • Kretschmer, Konrad. Die italienischen Portolane des Mittelalters, Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kartographie und Nautik. Berlin: Universitat Berlin; 1909. google scholar
  • Maggiolo Vesconte. “Nautical Chart of the Adriatic Sea”, Naples, 1511, John Carter Brown Library, Map Collection, Pro-vidence; Call number 3-Size Codex Z 2. google scholar
  • Marieni, Giacomo. Portolano del Mare Adriatico. Milano: Imperiale Regia stamperia; 1830. google scholar
  • McIntosh, George C. The Life of Piri Reis, George C. McIntosh, The Piri Reis Map of 1513. Athens (USA): The University of Georgia Press; 2000. google scholar
  • Mlinaric, Dubravka. “Vaznost kretanja Ijudi i ideja u pomicanju spoznaja o prostoru: primjer osmanskog pomorca iz 16; stoljeca”, edited by Zbornik Drage Roksandica, Damir Agicic, Hrvoje Petric, Filip Simetin Segvic, 365-378. Zagreb: Zavod za hrvatsku povijest, Odsjek za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta sveucilista u Zagrebu, FF press, 2019. google scholar
  • Mlinaric, Dubravka, Gregurovic, Snjezana. “Kartografska vizualizacija i slika Drugoga na primjeru visestruko granicnih prostora”. Migracijske i etnicke teme 27 (3) (2011): 345-373. In Croatian. google scholar
  • Mukerji, Chandra. “Printing, Cartography and Conceptions of Place in Renaissance Europe”. Media, Culture & Society 28 (5) (2006): 651-69. google scholar
  • Novak, Drago, Mlinaric, Dubravka. “Adriatic Coast and Islands in the Kitâb-ı Bahriye by Pîrî Reis”. Five Centuries of Maps and Charts of Croatia, edited by Drago Novak, Dubravka Mlinaric, Miljenko Lapaine (Zagreb: Skolska knjiga; 2005): 329-65. google scholar
  • Novak, Drago, Mlinaric, Dubravka, Lapaine, Miljenko. “A Comparative Analysis of the 16th Century Ottoman Mapping of the Croatian Coast and Islands”. Cartography and Geoinformation 4 (2005): 78-110. google scholar
  • Özen, Mine Esiner. Pirî Reis and His Charts. Istanbul: Nesteren Refioglu; 2006. google scholar
  • Pinto, Karen C. “Searchin’ his eyes, lookin’ for traces: Piri Reis’ World Map of 1513 & its Islamic Iconographic Connecti-ons”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları (The Journal of Ottoman Studies) 39 (2012): 63-94. google scholar
  • Pinto, Karen C. “The Maps Are the Message: Mehmet II’s Patronage of an “Ottoman Cluster””. Imago Mundi 63 (2) (2011): 155-179. google scholar
  • Pîrî Reis. Book on navigation; Kitâb-ı Bahriye, Walters Ms. W.658. Baltimore: The Walters Art Museum, 1526, https://art. thewalters.org/detail/19195/book-on-navigation-2/ (16/10/2022). google scholar
  • Pîrî Reis. Kitâb-ı Bahriye 2, editörler Ertuğrul Zekai Çabuk Ökte, Vahid Duran, Tülay Bragner. İstanbul: The Historical Research Foundation and İstanbul Research Center. google scholar
  • Rothman, E. Natalie. Between Venice and Istanbul: Trans-imperial Subjects and Cultural Mediation in the Early Modern Mediterranean [dissertation]. Michigan: University of Michigan; 2006. google scholar
  • Saricaoğlu, Fikret, Kolçak, Özgür, Oral, E. Stamoulou. Piri Reis’in Dunya Haritasi 1513 = The WorldMap of Piri Reis. Ankara: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı; 2014. google scholar
  • Soucek, Svat. “Islamic Charting in the Mediterranean”. The History of Cartography 2, book 1, Cartography in the Tradi-tional Islamic and South Asian Societies, edited by J. B. Harley, David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago; 1992): 263-92. google scholar
  • Soucek, Svat. “Piri Reis”. Encyclopaedia of Islam 8, 308-309. Leiden: E.J. Brill; 1995. google scholar
  • Tekeli, Sevim. “Kristof Kolomb’un Haritasına Dayanarak En Eski, Amerika Haritasını Çizen Türk Amirali Piri Reis”. Erdem 1 (3) (1985): 653-64. google scholar
  • Vincenzo Coronelli. Mari, Golfi, Isole, Spiaggie, Porti, Citta, Fortezze ed altri Luoghi dell’ Istria, Quarner, Dalmazia, Albania, Epiro e Livadia. Venice: c. 1695. google scholar
  • Vrandecic, Josip, Bertosa, Miroslav. Dalmacija, Dubrovnik i Istra u ranome novom vijeku. Zagreb: Leykam; 2007. google scholar
  • Zaimeche, Salah. Piri Reis and his Place in Ottoman Maritime History, Muslim Heritage. Manchester: The Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation; 2002, http://muslimheritage.com/article/piri-reis-ottoman (25/11/2022). google scholar


PAYLAŞ




İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.