Kobra, Aşağı Bakan köpek, Dört Kollu Sopa” Hatha Yoga Pozlarının Appoggio Tekniğine Katkısı
Çalışmada, ses ve beden ilişkisi yoluyla İtalyan nefes tekniği appoggioya fayda sağlayacağı motivasyonu ile seçilmiş üç farklı yoga pozunun -kobra pozu, aşağıya bakan köpek pozu ve dört kollu sopa- doğru kullanımı ile elde edilebilecek kazanımların teorik olarak ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemi ve tarama modeli ile alanyazından elde edilen veriler bir araya getirilerek sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Yoga pozları ve ses eğitimi bağlamında sanatsal ihtiyaca yönelik nefes farkındalığı ve kontrolü ile ilgili solunum kaslarında esneklik, güç ve hakimiyet gibi özelliklerin bağlantısı araştırılmıştır. Ses tekniği açısından nefes alma-verme yardımcı solunum kaslarının anatomik ve uygulama ilişkisinin kurulması ile appoggio tekniğinin güçlendirilmesi ve ses eğitiminde sanatsal kaygılar yaşayan kişilere farkındalık kazandırmak hedeflenmiştir.Temel kaynaklardan hareketle oluşturulan nazari ve uygulamayı içeren fikir çatısının duysal malzemelerle somutlaştırılması ve doğrulanması gerektiği fikri makale boyunca göz önünde tutulmuştur. Multidisipliner bir bakış açısı ile ses eğitiminde soyut bir kavram olan nefes desteğinin yoga pozlarıyla bedende hissederek somutlaştırmanın faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın multidisipliner araştırmalara kaynaklık edeceği umulmaktadır.
The Contribution of Hatha Yoga Poses "Cobra, Downward Facing Dog, Four-Limbed Staff Pose" to the Appoggio Technique
The aim of this study is to theoretically reveal the gains that can be obtained with the correct use of three different yoga poses: cobra pose, downward facing dog pose, and four-armed stick pose, which were selected with the motivation that they will benefit the Italian breathing technique appoggio through the relationship between sound and body. The study aims to, qualitative research method and scanning model and the data obtained from the literature were brought together and the results were reached. In the context of yoga poses and voice training, the connection between breath awareness and control for artistic needs and flexibility, strength, and dominance in the muscles related to artistic needs was investigated. In terms of vocal technique, the aim is to strengthen the appoggio technique by establishing the anatomical and practical relationship of inhalation-exhalation auxiliary respiratory muscles and to raise awareness among people who have artistic concerns in voice training. The idea that the theoretical and practical framework of ideas based on basic sources should be concretised and verified with sensory materials has been kept in mind throughout the article. From a multidisciplinary perspective, it is thought that it will be useful to concretise breath support, which is an abstract concept in voice training, by feeling it in the body with yoga poses. It is hoped that this study will be a source of multidisciplinary research.
Correction of postural disorders in the body, strengthening and stretching the body and gaining a high awareness of the body, turning breath control into a voluntary behavior, resolving possible physical and mental tensions before the performance, and focusing the mind easily before any kind of professional and artistic production to be done with sound are among the issues that artists and trainers working in the field of sound work on. With the motivation that it will increase the connection between voice and body for holistic mental and physical awareness and will provide benefit/support to the Italian breathing technique appoggio, three different poses selected from Hatha yoga poses-by applying them in order- cobra (bhujangasana),the aim of this study is that consciously practicing the downward-facing dog (adho mukha svanasana) and four-armed stick (chaturanga dandasana) postures- without losing sight of the order of use of these three movements- will be beneficial in solving the problems experienced.
For this purpose, the study was conducted using qualitative research techniques by combining the data obtained from the literature review with the professional experience of the authors. To cope with the difficulties encountered in voice training, the motivation of this study is to gain the ability to reach the highest potential with the maximum capacity of the breath while gaining mastery over the breath by practicing yoga breathing practices (pranayama) together with poses. In addition, it is predicted that the muscles related to inhalation and exhalation will work together at the same time, which will increase the physical support of the individual and will benefit the awareness and strong use of the diaphragm muscle, which is especially important in the singing profession. The appoggio breathing technique; it is a perfect action arising from the unity of the muscle group working in perfect harmony with the other muscle group working. This action is not only about breathing but also about managing the exhalation process with a high level of awareness. “Richard Miller, in his numerous books on singing, describes the use of the appoggio and the physical sensations quite well. He says that the breath is taken through the mouth or silently through the mouth. The nose, epigastric, and umbilical regions move outward, and the base of the ribs and wings open out to the sides. There is a slight elevation of the trunk. In response to the opening of the rib cage, the pectoral region (thorax) lifts as the rib cage rises, but the lungs are not at excess capacity and the shoulders should remain relaxed, never used to lift the rib cage” (Lyle, 2014, p. 110).
It is precisely at this point that linking the art of yoga with the appoggio technique will be facilitated and developed for singers and voice trainers. It can be a very useful method to bring awareness, flexibility, and strength to the muscles in the hips, abdomen, chest, back, and neck through yoga poses (asana). "Voice students, professional singers, and teachers face many obstacles in voice training. "Research from professional voice pedagogues, sports psychologists, yoga teachers, and my own experience shows that the daily practice of Hatha Yoga can be beneficial for the singer’s body and voice and can help with performance anxiety. Hatha Yoga can provide voice teachers with positive development and benefit through techniques applied with breathing and poses during voice training" (Hutton, 2013, p.63). The benefits of the Cobra pose (Bhujangasana), practiced first with the correct use of the yoga poses selected in the study, include stretching and strengthening of the neck, chest, and back muscles along with stretching of the spine. These benefits, along with the development of muscles related to breathing, are predicted to increase the individual’s awareness of breathing capacity. The second pose, the downward facing dog pose, is thought to be particularly beneficial for stretching and strengthening the back, lumbar, and chest muscles, as well as the muscles that connect the ribs to the pelvis, which are related to exhalation. It is thought that it may be possible to cope with stage fright by focusing on breathing by connecting the mind and body to instructors and students who experience artistic anxieties by strengthening the appoggio breathing technique and philosophy known as diaphragm support through the establishment of the relationship with the inhalation and exhalation muscles in the field of voice training; In addition, the study, which focuses on the benefits of gaining a physical and anatomical perspective, is thought to be a pioneer in Turkish literature in the field of performing arts music.
