Araştırma Makalesi

DOI :10.26650/JECS2023-1366608 IUP :10.26650/JECS2023-1366608 Tam Metin (PDF)

Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities

Life satisfaction has become an important indicator for understanding the welfare level of countries, particularly today when immigration is increasing for various reasons such as war and the desire for better living conditions, good job opportunities, and high-quality education. This study investigates the life satisfaction of people who have left their community and established a new life at the expense of being a foreigner and a member of a minority community. In this study, the data of people living in Europe were used. Since the dominant religion in Europe is Christianity, Muslims are considered a minority. The study selects Islam as one of the minority religions in Europe and examines whether the life satisfaction of people who state that they are Muslim differs from that of non-minority Christians. For this purpose, ten countries with Muslim minorities were selected from the data of the European Social Survey (ESS). The life satisfaction of two groups, Muslim minority and Christians, was analyzed through a path model, which consists of socio-economic indicators, and the trust component, using the path analysis method. Age, income, interpersonal trust, and governmental trust indicators were significant variables in both groups. Unexpectedly, religiosity was shown to have a positive effect on life satisfaction only for the Christian group and had no significant effect for the Muslim minority group.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Minority, Majority, Path Analysis, Life Satisfaction

Referanslar

Angelini, V., Cavapozzi, D., Corazzini, L., & Paccagnella, O. (2012). Age, health and life satisfaction among older Europeans. Social Indicators Research, 105(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9882-x google scholar
Baltatescu, S. (2009). Differential effects of interpersonal and political trust on happiness and life satisfaction. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1952595 google scholar
Bargsted, M., Ortiz, C., Caceres, I., & Somma, N. M. (2022). Social and political trust in a low trust society. Political Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-021-09762-2 google scholar
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 google scholar
Bartram, D. (2011). Economic migration and happiness: comparing immigrants’ and natives’ happiness gains from income. Social Indicators Research, 103(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9696-2 google scholar
Berlin, M., & Fors Connolly, F. (2019). The association between life satisfaction and affective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, 73, 34-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2019.04.010 google scholar
Boccaccio, D. E., Cenzer, I., & Covinsky, K. E. (2021). Life satisfaction among older adults with impairment in activities of daily living. Age and Ageing, 50(6), 2047-2054. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab172 google scholar
Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 135-149. google scholar
Branström, R. (2017). Hidden from happiness: Structural stigma, sexual orientation concealment, and life satisfaction among sexual minorities across 28 European countries. European Journal of Public Health, 27. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.045 google scholar
Brehm, J., & Rahn, W. (1997). Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital. American Journal of Political Science, 41(3), 999-1023. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111684 google scholar
Broman, C. L. (1997). Race-related factors and life satisfaction among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 23(1), 36-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984970231004 google scholar
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005 google scholar
Busseri, M. A. (2018). Examining the structure of subjective well-being through meta-analysis of the associations among positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 68-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.003 google scholar
Calvo, R., Zheng, Y., Kumar, S., Olgiati, A., & Berkman, L. (2012). Well-being and social capital on planet earth: cross-national evidence from 142 countries. PLOS ONE, 7(8), e42793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042793 google scholar
Castellanos, J., Gloria, A. M., Besson, D., Harvey, L. O. C. (2016). Castellanos, J., Gloria, A. M., Besson, D., & Harvey, L. O. C. (2016). Mentoring matters: Racial ethnic minority undergraduates’ cultural fit, mentorship, and college and life satisfaction. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 46(2), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2015.1121792 google scholar
Duncan, O. D. (1966). Path analysis: sociological examples. American Journal of Sociology, 72(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1086/224256 google scholar
Edwards, J. N., & Klemmack, D. L. (1973). Correlates of life satisfaction: A re-examination. Journal of Gerontology, 28(4), 497-502. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/28.4.497 google scholar
Fiori, K., Brown, E., Cortina, K., & Antonucci, T. (2006). Locus of control as a mediator of the relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction: Age, race, and gender differences. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 9, 239-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/13694670600615482 google scholar
Fleischmann, F., & Phalet, K. (2016). Identity conflict or compatibility: A comparison of Muslim minorities in five European cities. Political Psychology, 37(4), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12278 google scholar
Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., & Neberich, W. (2012). Religiosity, social self-esteem, and psychological adjustment: on the cross-cultural specificity of the psychological benefits of religiosity. Psychological Science, 23(2), 158-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611427045 google scholar
Güngör, D., Fleischmann, F., & Phalet, K. (2011). Religious identification, beliefs, and practices among Turkish Belgian and Moroccan Belgian Muslims: intergenerational continuity and acculturative change. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 1356-1374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111412342 google scholar
Hamamura, T., Li, L. M. W., & Chan, D. (2017). The association between generalized trust and physical and psychological health across societies. Social Indicators Research, 134, 277-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1428-9 google scholar
Hatcher, L. (1996). Using SAS® PROC CALIS for path analysis: An introduction. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 176-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519609540037 google scholar
Helliwell, J. F. (2003). How’s life? Combining individual and national variables to explain subjective well-being. Economic Modelling, 20(2), 331-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-9993(02)00057-3 google scholar
Helliwell, J. F., & Wang, S. (2010). Trust and well-being. National Bureau of Economic Research. Advance online publication. https://www.nber.org/papers/w15911 google scholar
Herbst, C. M. (2011). ‘Paradoxical’ decline? Another look at the relative reduction in female happiness. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(5), 773-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.07.001 google scholar
Höllinger, F., & Muckenhuber, J. (2019). Religiousness and existential insecurity: A cross-national comparative analysis on the macro-and micro-level. International Sociology, 34(1), 19-37. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0268580918812284 google scholar
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424-453. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424 google scholar
Jeffers, F. C., & Nichols, C. R. (1961). The Relationship of Activities and Attitudes to Physical Well-being in Older People. Journal of Gerontology, 16(1), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/16.1.67 google scholar
Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289343 google scholar
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User’s reference guide. Chicago: Scientific Software International. google scholar
Kamberi, E., Martinovic, B., & Verkuyten, M. (2014). Life satisfaction and happiness among the Roma in central and southeastern Europe. Social Indicators Research, 124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0783-7 google scholar
Kirmanoğlu, H., & Başlevent, C. (2014). Life satisfaction of ethnic minority members: an examination of interactions with immigration, discrimination, and citizenship. Social Indicators Research, 116(1), 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0276-0 google scholar
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice ofStructural Equation Modeling (4tfl ed.). Guilford Press. google scholar
Kortt, M. A., Dollery, B., & Grant, B. (2015). Religion and life satisfaction down under. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 277-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9509-4 google scholar
Kumar, S., & Voracek, M. (2022). The relationships of family income and caste-status with religiousness: Mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty. PLOS ONE, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273174 google scholar
Kuo, W. H. (1978). Immigrant/minority status and alienation. Sociological Focus, 11(4), 271-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1978.10570324 google scholar
Lipka, M. (2017). Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world. Pew Research Center. http://pewrsr.ch/2s2KmpU google scholar
Mansyur, C., Amick, B. C., Harrist, R. B., & Franzini, L. (2008). Social capital, income inequality, and self-rated health in 45 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 66(1), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.08.015 google scholar
McFadden, S. H. (1995). Religion and Well-being in aging persons in an aging society. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01329.x google scholar
Moberg, D. O. (2001). Aging and spirituality: Spiritual dimensions of aging theory. Research, Practice, and Policy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203048115 google scholar
Monteiro, L., & Haan, M. (2022). The life satisfaction of immigrants in Canada: Does time since arrival matter more than income? Journal of International Migration and Integration, 23(3), 1397-1420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00899-x google scholar
Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the veterans affairs normative aging study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.189 google scholar
Neto, F. (1995). Predictors of satisfaction with life among second generation migrants. Social Indicators Research, 35(1), 93-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079240 google scholar
Neto, F. (2001). Satisfaction with life among adolescents from immigrant families in Portugal. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005272805052 google scholar
Ngamaba, K. H., & Soni, D. (2018). Are happiness and life satisfaction different across religious groups? exploring determinants of happiness and life satisfaction. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(6), 2118-2139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0481-2 google scholar
Paparusso, A. (2021). Immigrant Integration in Europe: A Subjective Well-Being Perspective. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78505-5 google scholar
Pargament, K., Kennell, J., Hathaway, W., Grevengoed, N., Newman, J., & Jones, W. (1988). Religion and the problem-solving process: Three styles of coping. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 90. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387404 google scholar
Pew Research Center. (n.d.). Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050. Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ google scholar
Poortinga, W. (2006). Social capital: An individual or collective resource for health? Social Science & Medicine, 62(2), 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.008 google scholar
Prada, E., & Roman, M. (2021). Does trust affect life satisfaction? Structural equation models for European migrants and non-migrants. Economic Computation And Economic Cybernetics Studies And Research, 55, 21-36. https://doi.Org/10.24818/18423264/55.3.21.02 google scholar
Ritzer, G. (2015). Essentials of Sociology. SAGE Publications. google scholar
Ruiter, S., & van Tubergen, F. (2009). Religious attendance in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of60 countries. American Journal of Sociology, 115(3), 863-895. https://doi.org/10.1086/603536 google scholar
Safi, M. (2010). Immigrants’ life satisfaction in Europe: Between assimilation and discrimination. European Sociological Review, 26. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp013 google scholar
Siguaw, J. A., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2000). Introducing LISREL: A guide for the uninitiated. Introducing LISREL, 1-192. https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5017512 google scholar
Snoep, L. (2008). Religiousness and happiness in three nations: A research note. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(2), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-007-9045-6 google scholar
Stage, F. K., Carter, H. C., & Nora, A. (2004). Path analysis: An introduction and analysis of a decade of research. The Journal of Educational Research, 98(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.98.1.5-13 google scholar
Stearns, M., Nadorff, D. K., Lantz, E. D., & McKay, I. T. (2018). Religiosity and depressive symptoms in older adults compared to younger adults: Moderation by age. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 522-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.076 google scholar
Suhr, D. (2008). Step your way through Path Analysis. In Western Users of SAS Software Conference Proceedings, 15. google scholar
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. Allyn and Bacon. google scholar
Tran, T. V., Wright, R., & Chatters, L. (1991). Health, stress, psychological resources, and subjective well-being among older Blacks. Psychology and Aging, 6, 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.6.1.100 google scholar
Utsey, S. O., Payne, Y. A., Jackson, E. S., & Jones, A. M. (2002). Race-related stress, quality of life indicators, and life satisfaction among elderly African Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(3), 224-233. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.8.3.224 google scholar
Veenhoven, R. (1996). The study of life-satisfaction. Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands. google scholar
Verkuyten, M. (2008). Life Satisfaction among ethnic minorities: The role of discrimination and group identification. Social Indicators Research, 89(3), 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9239-2 google scholar
Verme, P. (2011). Life satisfaction and income inequality. Review of Income and Wealth, 57(1), 111-127. google scholar
Werkuyten, M., & Nekuee, S. (1999). Subjective well-being, discrimination and cultural conflict: Iranians living in the Netherlands. Social Indicators Research, 47(3), 281-306. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006970410593 google scholar
Wilkes, R., & Wu, C. (2017). Trust and minority groups. In The Oxford Handbook of Social and Political Trust. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.29 google scholar
Wirth, L. (1993). The problem of minority groups. Ardent Media Incorporated. google scholar
Yorulmaz, Ö. (2016). Relationship between religiosity and happiness in Turkey: Are religious people happier? Cankiri Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics et Administrative Sciences, 6(1), 801-818. https://doi.org/10.18074/cnuiibf.430 google scholar
Zhang, R. J. (2020). Social trust and satisfaction with life: A cross-lagged panel analysis based on representative samples from 18 societies. Social Science & Medicine, 251, 112901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112901 google scholar
Ziller, C. (2017). Equal treatment regulations and ethnic minority social trust. European Sociological Review, 33(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcx059 google scholar

Atıflar

Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın

DIŞA AKTAR

APA

Verçin, L.Z., & Yorulmaz, Ö. (2019). Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

AMA

Verçin L Z, Yorulmaz Ö. Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

ABNT

Verçin, L.Z.; Yorulmaz, Ö. Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.

Chicago: Author-Date Style

Verçin, Leyla Zeynep, and Özlem Yorulmaz. 2019. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

Chicago: Humanities Style

Verçin, Leyla Zeynep, and Özlem Yorulmaz. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 0 (May. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

Harvard: Australian Style

Verçin, LZ & Yorulmaz, Ö 2019, 'Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities', Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 2 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

Harvard: Author-Date Style

Verçin, L.Z. and Yorulmaz, Ö. (2019) ‘Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities’, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608 (2 May. 2024).

MLA

Verçin, Leyla Zeynep, and Özlem Yorulmaz. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

Vancouver

Verçin LZ, Yorulmaz Ö. Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society [Internet]. 2 May. 2024 [cited 2 May. 2024];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608 doi: 10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

ISNAD

Verçin, LeylaZeynep - Yorulmaz, Özlem. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0/0 (May. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608

Sayı 02019, S. -

ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ

Gönderim	26.09.2023
Kabul	11.11.2023
Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma	20.02.2024

LİSANS

Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.

Journal of Economy Culture and Society