Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities
Leyla Zeynep Verçin, Özlem YorulmazLife satisfaction has become an important indicator for understanding the welfare level of countries, particularly today when immigration is increasing for various reasons such as war and the desire for better living conditions, good job opportunities, and high-quality education. This study investigates the life satisfaction of people who have left their community and established a new life at the expense of being a foreigner and a member of a minority community. In this study, the data of people living in Europe were used. Since the dominant religion in Europe is Christianity, Muslims are considered a minority. The study selects Islam as one of the minority religions in Europe and examines whether the life satisfaction of people who state that they are Muslim differs from that of non-minority Christians. For this purpose, ten countries with Muslim minorities were selected from the data of the European Social Survey (ESS). The life satisfaction of two groups, Muslim minority and Christians, was analyzed through a path model, which consists of socio-economic indicators, and the trust component, using the path analysis method. Age, income, interpersonal trust, and governmental trust indicators were significant variables in both groups. Unexpectedly, religiosity was shown to have a positive effect on life satisfaction only for the Christian group and had no significant effect for the Muslim minority group.
PDF Görünüm
Referanslar
- Angelini, V., Cavapozzi, D., Corazzini, L., & Paccagnella, O. (2012). Age, health and life satisfaction among older Europeans. Social Indicators Research, 105(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9882-x google scholar
- Baltatescu, S. (2009). Differential effects of interpersonal and political trust on happiness and life satisfaction. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1952595 google scholar
- Bargsted, M., Ortiz, C., Caceres, I., & Somma, N. M. (2022). Social and political trust in a low trust society. Political Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-021-09762-2 google scholar
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 google scholar
- Bartram, D. (2011). Economic migration and happiness: comparing immigrants’ and natives’ happiness gains from income. Social Indicators Research, 103(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9696-2 google scholar
- Berlin, M., & Fors Connolly, F. (2019). The association between life satisfaction and affective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, 73, 34-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2019.04.010 google scholar
- Boccaccio, D. E., Cenzer, I., & Covinsky, K. E. (2021). Life satisfaction among older adults with impairment in activities of daily living. Age and Ageing, 50(6), 2047-2054. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab172 google scholar
- Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 135-149. google scholar
- Branström, R. (2017). Hidden from happiness: Structural stigma, sexual orientation concealment, and life satisfaction among sexual minorities across 28 European countries. European Journal of Public Health, 27. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.045 google scholar
- Brehm, J., & Rahn, W. (1997). Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital. American Journal of Political Science, 41(3), 999-1023. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111684 google scholar
- Broman, C. L. (1997). Race-related factors and life satisfaction among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 23(1), 36-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984970231004 google scholar
- Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005 google scholar
- Busseri, M. A. (2018). Examining the structure of subjective well-being through meta-analysis of the associations among positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 68-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.003 google scholar
- Calvo, R., Zheng, Y., Kumar, S., Olgiati, A., & Berkman, L. (2012). Well-being and social capital on planet earth: cross-national evidence from 142 countries. PLOS ONE, 7(8), e42793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042793 google scholar
- Castellanos, J., Gloria, A. M., Besson, D., Harvey, L. O. C. (2016). Castellanos, J., Gloria, A. M., Besson, D., & Harvey, L. O. C. (2016). Mentoring matters: Racial ethnic minority undergraduates’ cultural fit, mentorship, and college and life satisfaction. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 46(2), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2015.1121792 google scholar
- Duncan, O. D. (1966). Path analysis: sociological examples. American Journal of Sociology, 72(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1086/224256 google scholar
- Edwards, J. N., & Klemmack, D. L. (1973). Correlates of life satisfaction: A re-examination. Journal of Gerontology, 28(4), 497-502. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/28.4.497 google scholar
- Fiori, K., Brown, E., Cortina, K., & Antonucci, T. (2006). Locus of control as a mediator of the relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction: Age, race, and gender differences. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 9, 239-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/13694670600615482 google scholar
- Fleischmann, F., & Phalet, K. (2016). Identity conflict or compatibility: A comparison of Muslim minorities in five European cities. Political Psychology, 37(4), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12278 google scholar
- Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., & Neberich, W. (2012). Religiosity, social self-esteem, and psychological adjustment: on the cross-cultural specificity of the psychological benefits of religiosity. Psychological Science, 23(2), 158-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611427045 google scholar
- Güngör, D., Fleischmann, F., & Phalet, K. (2011). Religious identification, beliefs, and practices among Turkish Belgian and Moroccan Belgian Muslims: intergenerational continuity and acculturative change. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 1356-1374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111412342 google scholar
- Hamamura, T., Li, L. M. W., & Chan, D. (2017). The association between generalized trust and physical and psychological health across societies. Social Indicators Research, 134, 277-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1428-9 google scholar
- Hatcher, L. (1996). Using SAS® PROC CALIS for path analysis: An introduction. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 176-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519609540037 google scholar
- Helliwell, J. F. (2003). How’s life? Combining individual and national variables to explain subjective well-being. Economic Modelling, 20(2), 331-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-9993(02)00057-3 google scholar
- Helliwell, J. F., & Wang, S. (2010). Trust and well-being. National Bureau of Economic Research. Advance online publication. https://www.nber.org/papers/w15911 google scholar
- Herbst, C. M. (2011). ‘Paradoxical’ decline? Another look at the relative reduction in female happiness. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(5), 773-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.07.001 google scholar
- Höllinger, F., & Muckenhuber, J. (2019). Religiousness and existential insecurity: A cross-national comparative analysis on the macro-and micro-level. International Sociology, 34(1), 19-37. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0268580918812284 google scholar
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424-453. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424 google scholar
- Jeffers, F. C., & Nichols, C. R. (1961). The Relationship of Activities and Attitudes to Physical Well-being in Older People. Journal of Gerontology, 16(1), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/16.1.67 google scholar
- Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289343 google scholar
- Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User’s reference guide. Chicago: Scientific Software International. google scholar
- Kamberi, E., Martinovic, B., & Verkuyten, M. (2014). Life satisfaction and happiness among the Roma in central and southeastern Europe. Social Indicators Research, 124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0783-7 google scholar
- Kirmanoğlu, H., & Başlevent, C. (2014). Life satisfaction of ethnic minority members: an examination of interactions with immigration, discrimination, and citizenship. Social Indicators Research, 116(1), 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0276-0 google scholar
- Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice ofStructural Equation Modeling (4tfl ed.). Guilford Press. google scholar
- Kortt, M. A., Dollery, B., & Grant, B. (2015). Religion and life satisfaction down under. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 277-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9509-4 google scholar
- Kumar, S., & Voracek, M. (2022). The relationships of family income and caste-status with religiousness: Mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty. PLOS ONE, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273174 google scholar
- Kuo, W. H. (1978). Immigrant/minority status and alienation. Sociological Focus, 11(4), 271-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1978.10570324 google scholar
- Lipka, M. (2017). Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world. Pew Research Center. http://pewrsr.ch/2s2KmpU google scholar
- Mansyur, C., Amick, B. C., Harrist, R. B., & Franzini, L. (2008). Social capital, income inequality, and self-rated health in 45 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 66(1), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.08.015 google scholar
- McFadden, S. H. (1995). Religion and Well-being in aging persons in an aging society. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01329.x google scholar
- Moberg, D. O. (2001). Aging and spirituality: Spiritual dimensions of aging theory. Research, Practice, and Policy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203048115 google scholar
- Monteiro, L., & Haan, M. (2022). The life satisfaction of immigrants in Canada: Does time since arrival matter more than income? Journal of International Migration and Integration, 23(3), 1397-1420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00899-x google scholar
- Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: Findings from the veterans affairs normative aging study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.189 google scholar
- Neto, F. (1995). Predictors of satisfaction with life among second generation migrants. Social Indicators Research, 35(1), 93-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079240 google scholar
- Neto, F. (2001). Satisfaction with life among adolescents from immigrant families in Portugal. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005272805052 google scholar
- Ngamaba, K. H., & Soni, D. (2018). Are happiness and life satisfaction different across religious groups? exploring determinants of happiness and life satisfaction. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(6), 2118-2139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0481-2 google scholar
- Paparusso, A. (2021). Immigrant Integration in Europe: A Subjective Well-Being Perspective. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78505-5 google scholar
- Pargament, K., Kennell, J., Hathaway, W., Grevengoed, N., Newman, J., & Jones, W. (1988). Religion and the problem-solving process: Three styles of coping. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 90. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387404 google scholar
- Pew Research Center. (n.d.). Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050. Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ google scholar
- Poortinga, W. (2006). Social capital: An individual or collective resource for health? Social Science & Medicine, 62(2), 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.008 google scholar
- Prada, E., & Roman, M. (2021). Does trust affect life satisfaction? Structural equation models for European migrants and non-migrants. Economic Computation And Economic Cybernetics Studies And Research, 55, 21-36. https://doi.Org/10.24818/18423264/55.3.21.02 google scholar
- Ritzer, G. (2015). Essentials of Sociology. SAGE Publications. google scholar
- Ruiter, S., & van Tubergen, F. (2009). Religious attendance in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of60 countries. American Journal of Sociology, 115(3), 863-895. https://doi.org/10.1086/603536 google scholar
- Safi, M. (2010). Immigrants’ life satisfaction in Europe: Between assimilation and discrimination. European Sociological Review, 26. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp013 google scholar
- Siguaw, J. A., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2000). Introducing LISREL: A guide for the uninitiated. Introducing LISREL, 1-192. https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5017512 google scholar
- Snoep, L. (2008). Religiousness and happiness in three nations: A research note. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(2), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-007-9045-6 google scholar
- Stage, F. K., Carter, H. C., & Nora, A. (2004). Path analysis: An introduction and analysis of a decade of research. The Journal of Educational Research, 98(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.98.1.5-13 google scholar
- Stearns, M., Nadorff, D. K., Lantz, E. D., & McKay, I. T. (2018). Religiosity and depressive symptoms in older adults compared to younger adults: Moderation by age. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 522-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.076 google scholar
- Suhr, D. (2008). Step your way through Path Analysis. In Western Users of SAS Software Conference Proceedings, 15. google scholar
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. Allyn and Bacon. google scholar
- Tran, T. V., Wright, R., & Chatters, L. (1991). Health, stress, psychological resources, and subjective well-being among older Blacks. Psychology and Aging, 6, 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.6.1.100 google scholar
- Utsey, S. O., Payne, Y. A., Jackson, E. S., & Jones, A. M. (2002). Race-related stress, quality of life indicators, and life satisfaction among elderly African Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(3), 224-233. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.8.3.224 google scholar
- Veenhoven, R. (1996). The study of life-satisfaction. Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands. google scholar
- Verkuyten, M. (2008). Life Satisfaction among ethnic minorities: The role of discrimination and group identification. Social Indicators Research, 89(3), 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9239-2 google scholar
- Verme, P. (2011). Life satisfaction and income inequality. Review of Income and Wealth, 57(1), 111-127. google scholar
- Werkuyten, M., & Nekuee, S. (1999). Subjective well-being, discrimination and cultural conflict: Iranians living in the Netherlands. Social Indicators Research, 47(3), 281-306. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006970410593 google scholar
- Wilkes, R., & Wu, C. (2017). Trust and minority groups. In The Oxford Handbook of Social and Political Trust. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.29 google scholar
- Wirth, L. (1993). The problem of minority groups. Ardent Media Incorporated. google scholar
- Yorulmaz, Ö. (2016). Relationship between religiosity and happiness in Turkey: Are religious people happier? Cankiri Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics et Administrative Sciences, 6(1), 801-818. https://doi.org/10.18074/cnuiibf.430 google scholar
- Zhang, R. J. (2020). Social trust and satisfaction with life: A cross-lagged panel analysis based on representative samples from 18 societies. Social Science & Medicine, 251, 112901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112901 google scholar
- Ziller, C. (2017). Equal treatment regulations and ethnic minority social trust. European Sociological Review, 33(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcx059 google scholar
Atıflar
Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın
DIŞA AKTAR
APA
Verçin, L.Z., & Yorulmaz, Ö. (2024). Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(69), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
AMA
Verçin L Z, Yorulmaz Ö. Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2024;0(69):33-45. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
ABNT
Verçin, L.Z.; Yorulmaz, Ö. Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 69, p. 33-45, 2024.
Chicago: Author-Date Style
Verçin, Leyla Zeynep, and Özlem Yorulmaz. 2024. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 69: 33-45. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
Chicago: Humanities Style
Verçin, Leyla Zeynep, and Özlem Yorulmaz. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 69 (Nov. 2024): 33-45. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
Harvard: Australian Style
Verçin, LZ & Yorulmaz, Ö 2024, 'Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities', Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 69, pp. 33-45, viewed 14 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
Harvard: Author-Date Style
Verçin, L.Z. and Yorulmaz, Ö. (2024) ‘Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities’, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(69), pp. 33-45. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608 (14 Nov. 2024).
MLA
Verçin, Leyla Zeynep, and Özlem Yorulmaz. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 69, 2024, pp. 33-45. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
Vancouver
Verçin LZ, Yorulmaz Ö. Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities. Journal of Economy Culture and Society [Internet]. 14 Nov. 2024 [cited 14 Nov. 2024];0(69):33-45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608 doi: 10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
ISNAD
Verçin, LeylaZeynep - Yorulmaz, Özlem. “Dynamics of Fulfillment: A Comparative Exploration of Life Satisfaction in European Muslim and Christian Communities”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0/69 (Nov. 2024): 33-45. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1366608
