Journal of Economy Culture and Society

GÖNDERBİLGİ
EnglishTürkçe

Araştırma Makalesi


DOI :10.26650/JECS2023-1316118   IUP :10.26650/JECS2023-1316118    Tam Metin (PDF)

Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey

Gökhan Özkubat, Şenay Üçdoğruk Birecikli, Sibel Selim

This paper examines the effects of COVID-19, which caused a recession in many fields in 2020, on the working hours of workers. Using the quarterly microdata set of the TurkStat Household Labour Force Surveys and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) database, we found that the greatest work loss occurred in the second quarter of 2020 when the first shock of the pandemic was experienced. We also show that the stringency of the restrictions affects work loss. We present evidence that women, youth, informal, and temporary workers, who are classified as disadvantaged groups in the Turkish labor market, lost fewer working hours in the first period of the pandemic. Our quantitative analysis suggests that workers between the ages of 15 and 24 lost at least 2 hours less in the second quarter of 2020. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, working-hour gaps between formal and informal workers and permanent and temporary workers closed by about 1.5 hours in the same quarter. In addition, it is predicted that as the stringency of the restrictions increases by 10 points, working-hour gaps between the genders will be lessened by about 0.1 hours. The elderly, university graduates and those working in small businesses are the groups most affected by the pandemic. We also find that the balance between hourly wages and working hours has been disrupted at the beginning of the pandemic. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, working hours, lockdown, Turkish labor market, disadvantaged groups

PDF Görünüm

Referanslar

  • Acheampong, T. Y. (2021). A gender analysis of Covid-19 impacts on the Hungarian labour market. Journal of Economics, 6, 45-57. https://doi.org/10.46763/joe21600145a google scholar
  • Adams-Prassl, A., Boneva, T., Golin, M., & Rauh, C. (2020). Inequality in the impact of the coronavirus shock: Evidence from real time surveys. Journal of Public Economics, 189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104245 google scholar
  • Aldan, A., Çıraklı, M. E., & Torun, H. (2021). Covid 19 and the Turkish labor market: Heterogeneous effects across demographic groups. Central Bank Review, 21(4), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.003 google scholar
  • Aldieri, L., Bruno, B., & Vinci, C. P. (2022). Employment support and COVID-19: Is working time reduction the right tool? Economies, 10(6), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060141 google scholar
  • Alon, T., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., & Tertilt, M. (2020). This time it’s different: The role of women’s employment in a pandemic recession. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Working Paper 27660. google scholar
  • Ando, S., Balakrishnan, R., Gruss, B., Hallaert, J., Jirasavetakul, L. F., Kirabaeva, K., Klein, N., Lariau, A., Liu, L. Q., Malacrino, D., Qu, H., & Solovyeva, A. (2022). European labor markets and the COVID-19 pandemic: Fallout and the path ahead. Departmental Papers, No. 2022/004. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087 google scholar
  • Anker, R. (1995). Labour market policies, vulnerable groups and poverty. InJ. Figuero & L. Shaheed (Eds.), Poverty: New approaches to analysis andpolicy (pp. 49-88). Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization (International Institute for Labour Studies). google scholar
  • Anxo, D., & Karlsson, M. (2019). Overtime work: A review of literature and initial empirical analysis. ILO Conditions of Work and Employment Series, No. 104. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/—travail/documents/publication/wcms_663072.pdf google scholar
  • Asfaw, A. (2022). Cost of lost work hours associated with the COVID-19 pandemic—United States, March 2020 through February 2021. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 65(1), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23307 google scholar
  • Aum, S., Lee, S. Y., & Shin, Y. (2021). COVID-19 doesn’t need lockdowns to destroy jobs: The effect of local outbreaks in Korea. Labour Economics, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2021.101993 google scholar
  • Aygün, A. H., Köksal, S., & Uysal, G. (2022). Unpacking the effects of Covid-19 on labor market outcomes: Evidence from Turkey. Economic Research Forum Working Papers (No. 1533). google scholar
  • Beccaria, L., Bertranou, F., & Maurizio, R. (2022). COVID-19 in Latin America: The effects of an unprecedented crisis on employment and income. International Labour Review, 161(1), 83-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12361 google scholar
  • Brodeur, A., Gray, D., Islam, A., & Bhuiyan, S. (2021). A literature review of the economics of COVID-19. Journal of Economic Surveys, 35(4), 1007-1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12423 google scholar
  • Bui, T. T., Button, P., & Picciotti, E. G. (2020). Early evidence on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the recession on older workers. Public Policy & Aging Report, 30(4), 154-159. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/praa029 google scholar
  • Bulut, R., & Pınar, Ç. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde Türkiye’de istihdam ve işsizlik. Oğuzhan Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 217-225. google scholar
  • Casarico, A., & Lattanzio, S. (2022). The heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 on labor market flows: evidence from administrative data. Journal of Economic Inequality, 20(3), 537-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-021-09522-6 google scholar
  • Collins, C., Landivar, L. C., Ruppanner, L., & Scarborough, W. J. (2021). COVID-19 and the gender gap in work hours. Gender, Work and Organization, 28(S1), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12506 google scholar
  • Cortes, G. M., & Forsythe, E. (2020). Heterogeneous labor market impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Upjohn Institute Working Paper 20-327. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. https://doi.org/10.17848/wp20-327 google scholar
  • Dasgupta, S., Dierckxsens, M., & Verick, S. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on middle-income countries. The Indian Economic Journal, 69(3), 534-552. https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662211023847 google scholar
  • Farre, L., Fawaz, Y., Gonzalez, L., & Graves, J. (2020). How the COVID-19 lockdown affected gender inequality in paid and unpaid work in Spain. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13434. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3643198 google scholar
  • Galasso, V., & Foucault, M. (2020). Working during COVID-19: Cross-country evidence from real-time survey data. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 246. https://doi.org/10.1787/34a2c306-en google scholar
  • Groshen, E. L. (2020). COVID-19’s impact on the U.S. labor market as of September 2020. Business Economics, 55(4), 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-020-00193-1 google scholar
  • Gupta, S., Montenovo, L., Nguyen, T., Lozano-Rojas, F., Schmutte, I., Simon, K., Weinberg, B. A., & Wing, C. (2022). Effects of social distancing policy on labor market outcomes. Contemporary Economic Policy, 41(1), 166-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12582 google scholar
  • Güner, R., Hasanoğlu, İ., & Aktaş, F. (2020). COVID-19: Prevention and control measures in community. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(9), 571-577. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-146 google scholar
  • Hale, T., Angrist, N., Goldszmidt, R., Kira, B., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., Webster, S., Cameron-Blake, E., Hallas, L., Majumdar, S., & Tatlow, H. (2021). A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker). Nature Human Behaviour, 5(4), 529-538. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8 google scholar
  • Harman, J. (2021). Impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on the labor market in the Slovak Republic: Women vs. Men. Ekonomicke Rozhl’ady -Economic Review, 50(4), 396-409. https://doi.org/10.53465/er.2644-7185.2021.4.396-409 google scholar
  • Hupkau, C., & Petrongolo, B. (2020). Work, care and gender during the COVID-19 crisis. Fiscal Studies, 41(3), 623-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12245 google scholar
  • International Labour Organization. (2021). ILO monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work (7th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_767028.pdf google scholar
  • Ji, X., Bu, N. T., Zheng, C., Xiao, H., Liu, C., Chen, X., & Wang, K. (2022). Stock market reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic: an event study. Portuguese Economic Journal, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-022-00227-w google scholar
  • Juranek, S., Paetzold, J., Winner, H., & Zoutman, F. (2021). Labor market effects of COVID-19 in Sweden and its neighbors: Evidence from administrative data. Kyklos, 74(4), 512-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12282 google scholar
  • Krafft, C., Assaad, R., & Marouani, M. A. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on Middle Eastern and North African labor markets: Vulnerable workers, small entrepreneurs, and farmers bear the brunt of the pandemic in Morocco and Tunisia. Economic Research Forum Policy Brief No. 55. google scholar
  • Kul Parlak, N., & Çiftçi, A. N. (2022). Crowding-out effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the unregistered employment: Divergence in the formal-informal labor market in Turkey. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 82, 93-135. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1051110 google scholar
  • Lemieux, T., Milligan, K., Schirle, T., & Skuterud, M. (2020). Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Canadian labour market. Canadian Public Policy, 46(S1), S55-S65. https://doi.org/10.3138/CPP.2020-049 google scholar
  • Meekes, J., Hassink, W., & Kalb, G. R. (2020). Essential work and emergency childcare: Identifying gender differences in COVID-19 effects on labour demand and supply. Life Course Centre Working Paper No. 2020-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3727684 google scholar
  • Milovanska-Farrington, S. (2021). The Effect of COVID-19 as an economic shock on the gender and ethnic gap in labour market outcomes. Studies in Microeconomics, 9(2), 227-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/23210222211046411 google scholar
  • Monastiriotis, V., & Laliotis, I. (2019). Labour market vulnerability and labour market outcomes during the economic upswing. Research Note 06/2019. Brussels: DG Employment, European Commission. google scholar
  • Montenovo, L., Jiang, X., Rojas, F. L., Schmutte, I. M., Simon, K. I., Weinberg, B. A., & Wing, C. (2020). Determinants of disparities in Covid-19 job losses. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Working Paper 27132. google scholar
  • Noyan Yalman, İ., Aydın Ünal, E., & Koşaroğlu, Ş. M. (2021). The effect of Covid-19 epidemic process on labor markets: An applied research. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 35(3), 1125-1144. https://doi.org/10.16951/atauniiibd.905180 google scholar
  • OECD. (2021). OECD employment outlook 2021: Navigating the COVID-19 crisis and recovery. OECD Publishing, Paris.https://doi.org/10.1787/5a700c4b-en google scholar
  • Soares, S., & Berg, J. (2022). The labour market fallout of COVID-19: Who endures, who doesn’t and what are the implications for inequality. International Labour Review, 161(1), 5-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12214 google scholar
  • Sülkü, S., Coşar, K., & Tokatlıoğlu, Y. (2021). COVID-19 Process: Turkey experience. Sosyoekonomi, 29(49), 345-372. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.18 google scholar
  • Şahbaz Kılınç, N. (2021). Effects of Covid-19 outbreak on labor market in TR71 region. Kırklareli University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 10(2), 313-336. https://doi.org/10.53306/klujfeas.937763 google scholar
  • Verick, S., Schmidt-klau, D., & Lee, S. (2022). Is this time really different? How the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on labour markets contrasts with that of the global financial crisis of 2008-09. International Labour Review, 161(1), 125-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12230 google scholar
  • Zimpelmann, C., von Gaudecker, H. M., Holler, R., Janys, L., & Siflinger, B. (2021). Hours and income dynamics during the Covid-19 pandemic: The case of the Netherlands. Labour Economics, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102055 google scholar

Atıflar

Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın


DIŞA AKTAR



APA

Özkubat, G., Üçdoğruk Birecikli, Ş., & Selim, S. (2019). Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118


AMA

Özkubat G, Üçdoğruk Birecikli Ş, Selim S. Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118


ABNT

Özkubat, G.; Üçdoğruk Birecikli, Ş.; Selim, S. Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Özkubat, Gökhan, and Şenay Üçdoğruk Birecikli and Sibel Selim. 2019. “Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118


Chicago: Humanities Style

Özkubat, Gökhan, and Şenay Üçdoğruk Birecikli and Sibel Selim. “Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 0 (May. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118


Harvard: Australian Style

Özkubat, G & Üçdoğruk Birecikli, Ş & Selim, S 2019, 'Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey', Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 2 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Özkubat, G. and Üçdoğruk Birecikli, Ş. and Selim, S. (2019) ‘Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey’, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118 (2 May. 2024).


MLA

Özkubat, Gökhan, and Şenay Üçdoğruk Birecikli and Sibel Selim. “Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118


Vancouver

Özkubat G, Üçdoğruk Birecikli Ş, Selim S. Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey. Journal of Economy Culture and Society [Internet]. 2 May. 2024 [cited 2 May. 2024];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118 doi: 10.26650/JECS2023-1316118


ISNAD

Özkubat, Gökhan - Üçdoğruk Birecikli, Şenay - Selim, Sibel. “Is COVID-19 an Advantage to Disadvantaged Groups? Evidence from Administrative Data on Working Hours in Turkey”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0/0 (May. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1316118



ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ


Gönderim17.06.2023
Kabul17.09.2023
Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma23.02.2024

LİSANS


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


PAYLAŞ




İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.