The Working Class Culture in Bursa
Kemal Temel, Şenol BaştürkThe steady increase in the number of wage earners in Turkey during the last 20 years has brought social expansion of middle-class and working-class groups to the agenda. In the relevant period, forms of labor market stratification became more visible. Widespread flexibility practices, such as subcontracting, have diminished secure employment. The emergence of new types of employment, especially the expansion of employment in the service sector, has also significantly affected social structure transformations. Studies that addressed developments in social transformation from class-cultural perspective have focused more on middle-class groups. This study examines Turkish working-class culture from a class-cultural perspective. Adopting a neo-Bourdieusian class approach, this study analyses the transformations in lifestyles, tastes and voting behaviors of the working class in three different regions of Bursa. The study claims that different social and material conditions of existence spatially differentiate working-class culture. The results of the survey research conducted in Bursa in 2022 were analyzed by multiple correspondence (MCA) analysis. The results of this research show that independent variables such as workers’ social background, education level, material earnings and differences in property relations construct spatial and cultural differentiation.
PDF Görünüm
Referanslar
- Aktar, A. (1989). Toplumsal değişme sürecinde küçük imalat sanayii: Bursa dokuma sanayiinde insan ilişkileri (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. google scholar
- Aktar, A. (1996). Bursa’da devlet ve ekonomi. E. Yenal (Haz.), Bir masaldı Bursa in (pp. 119-145). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi yayınları. google scholar
- Albayrak, H. A. (2023). Kanarya şakımalı, pelikan sevdalı bir “Bursa Bülbülü”. Gazete Duvar, https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/kanarya-sakimali-pelikan-sevdali-bir-bursa-bulbulu-haber-1598497. google scholar
- Alemdaroğlu, A. (2017). Spatial segregation and class subjectivity in Turkey. Social & Cultural geography, 18(5), 603-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2016.1206961 google scholar
- Attfield, S. (2021). The Australian working class in popular culture. M. Fazio, C. Launius, and T. Strangleman (Eds.). International handbook of working-class studies (pp. 274- 284). London: Routledge. google scholar
- Bali, R. (2002). Tarz-ı hayattan life style’a: Yeni seçkinler, yeni mekânlar, yeni yaşamlar. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
- Beck, U. (2019). Risk toplumu: Başka bir modernliğe doğru. İstanbul: İthaki yayınları. google scholar
- Bourdieu, P. (2015). Dünyanın sefaleti, çev. L. Ünsaldı, A. Sümer, H.E. Mecioğlu, Ö. İlyas, L. Tutalar, B. Öztürk, Z. Baykal, Ö. Akkaya. Ankara: Heretik Yayınları. google scholar
- Bourdieu, P. (2017). Ayrım: Beğeni yargısının toplumsal eleştirisi. Ankara: Heretik yayınları. google scholar
- Bourdieu, P. (2019). Sosyoloji meseleleri. Ankara: Heretik Yayınları. google scholar
- Bottero, W. (2004). Class identities and the identity of class, Sociology, 5(38), 985-1003. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038504047182 google scholar
- Caner, I., & Nuran, E. (2002). Arabeskin anlam dünyası Müslüm Gürses örneği. İstanbul: Bağlam yayıncılık. google scholar
- Charlesworth, S. (2001). Bourdieu, social suffering and working-class life. The sociological review, 49(1), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2001.tb03532.x google scholar
- Chiu, S.I., Hong, Y.F. and Hu, H.Y. (2015). The effects of family cultural capital and reading motivation and reading behavior in elementary school students. School psychology international, 36(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034314528488 google scholar
- Coşkun, M. K. (2017). Sınıf kültür ve bilinç Türkiye’de işçi sınıfı kültürü, Sınıf bilinci ve gündelik Hayat. Ankara: Dipnot yayınları. google scholar
- Coşkun, M. K. (2013). İşçi sınıfı kültürü, deneyim ve gündelik hayat. Emek araştırma Dergisi, 11 (8), 41-54. google scholar
- Crompton, R., & J. Scott (2005). Class analysis: Beyond the cultural turn. S. R. Crompton & F. Devine & M. Savage and J. Scott (Eds.), google scholar
- Rethinking class: Culture, identities and lifestyles in (pp. 186-202). Oxford: Blackwell. google scholar
- Devine, F. (1992). Social identities, class identity and political perspectives. The sociological review, 40(2), 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1992.tb00888.x google scholar
- Devine, F. and Savage, M. (2005). The cultural turn, sociology, and class analysis. F. Devine, M. Savage, J. Scott, R. Crompton (Eds.), Rethinking class: Culture, identities, and lifestyles in (pp. 1-22). London: Palgrave Macmillan Press. google scholar
- Devine, F., and M. Savage (2000). Conclusion: Renewing class analysis. S. R. Crompton and F. Devine & M. Savage and J. Scott (Eds.), In: Renewing class analysis in (pp. 184- 199). Oxford: Blackwell. google scholar
- Dunk, T. W. (1991). It’s a working-man’s town male working-class culture in Northwestern Ontario. London: McGill-Queen’s University Press. google scholar
- Dülgeroğlu, E., Aytaç, M. and Baştaymaz, T. (1993). Kentlerde yaşayan ücretli kesimin telâfi edici ve tamamlayıcı kaynakları: Bursa örneği. İstanbul: Friedrich Ebert Vakfı. google scholar
- Eraydın, A. (1995). Local development under the pressures of restructuring: The case of Bursa, Turkey. B. Van der Kanapp & R. Le Heron (Ed). google scholar
- Human resources and industrial space: A perspective on globalization and localization in (pp.161-176). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. google scholar
- Erder, L. (1975). Factory districts in Bursa during the 1860s. Journal of the faculty of architecture, 1(1), 85-99. google scholar
- Erengezgin, Ç. (2007). A socio-spatial approach to the question of class and counsciousness formation in a local setting: The case of Bursa industrial workers. (Unpublished master’s thesis). METU, Ankara. google scholar
- Entin, J. (2021). Reconceiving class in contemporary working- class studies. M. Fazio, C. Launius, and T. Strangleman (Eds.) International handbook of working-class studies in (pp. 32—45). London: Routledge. google scholar
- Erbaş, H. (2017). Sınıf çalışmalarında kültür ve gündelik hayatın yükselişi: Tarihsel bir izlek ve gelecek umudu. Emek araştırma dergisi, 11(7), 9-30. google scholar
- Fidan, N. L. (1999). Bursa’da kentleşme sürecinde kaçak yapı olgusu ve gelişimi. (UnpublishedMaster’s thesis). Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa google scholar
- Flemmen, M., Jarness, V., & Rosenlund, R. (2017). Social space and cultural class divisions: The forms of capital and contemporary lifestyle differentiation. The British journal of sociology, 69(1), 124-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12295 google scholar
- Foley, D. E. (2007). İşçi sınıfı antropolojik anlamda bir kültüre sahip midir? H. Erbaş & M. K. Coşkun (Der.), Fark/kimlik sınıf in (pp. 261-301). Ankara: EOS Yayınevi. google scholar
- Ganioğlu, Z. (2013). Working class and voting behavior in Turkey: Blue-collar workers, (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). METU, Ankara. google scholar
- Gazete oksijen (2022). Spotify verileri: Türkiye’de arabesk dinlemeleri son 3 yılda 4’e katlandı. Oksijen,https://gazeteoksijen.com/muzik/spotify-verileri-turkiyede-arabesk-dinlenmeleri-son-3-yilda-4e-katlandi-162068. google scholar
- Gemar, A. (2020). Sport as culture: Social class, styles of cultural consumption and sports participation in Canada. International review for the sociology of sport, 55(2), 186 -208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218793855 google scholar
- Giddens, A. (2019). Modernite ve bireysel-kimlik geç modern çağda benlik ve toplum. İstanbul: Say yayınları. google scholar
- Goldthorpe, J. H., Lockwood, D., Bechhofer, F. & Platt, J. (1967). The affluent worker and the thesis of embourgeoisement: Some preliminary research findings. Sociology, 1(1), 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/003803856700100102 google scholar
- Goldthorpe J., & Marshall, G. (1992). The promising future of class analysis: A response to recent critiques. Sociology, 3(26), 381-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038592026003002 google scholar
- Gündoğdu, İ. (2023). Yeni sanayi coğrafyalarına sınıf ilişkileri perspektifinden bakmak: Kayseri’de işçi sınıfının oluşumu. A. Bakioğlu & R. İnal (Eds.), Türkiye’de sınıf çalışmaları in (pp. 25-47). İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları. google scholar
- Hoggart, R. (2021). Okuryazarlığın kullanımı işçi sınıfı yaşamının veçheleri. Ankara: Heretik Yayınları. google scholar
- Hall, S. (2017). Selected political writings the great moving right show and other essays S. Davison, & D. Featherstone & M. Rustin and B. Schwarz. (Ed) in (pp. 28-47). Durham: Duke University press. google scholar
- Hjellbrekke, J., & Jarness, V. (2022). Cultural divisions and time: Mapping diachronic homologies using class-specific MCA (CSA), Bulletin de methodologie sociologique, 155, 136-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/07591063221102259 google scholar
- Işık, N.E. (2018). Müziğin sosyolojisi açısından arabesk müziğin dönüşümü, Sosyoloji dergisi, 38(1), 89-106. google scholar
- Jensen, B. (2021). Post-traumatic lives: Precarious employment and invisible injury. International handbook of working-class studies. 252-262. London: Routledge. google scholar
- İyibozkurt, E. (2016). Tarım kenti Bursa’nın sanayi kentine dönüşüm süreci. E. Kağıtçıbaşı & E. Yaşar (Eds.), Bursa’nın ekonomi tarihi in (pp. 80-207). Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
- Kaplanoğlu, R. (2015). Osmanlı’dan bugüne Bursa’da emek ve işçi hareketleri. İstanbul:Avrasya Etnografi Vakfı yayınları. google scholar
- Karademir Hazır, I. (2014b). Bourdieu sonrası yeni eşitsizlik gündemleri: Kültürel sınıf analizi, beğeni ve kimlik. Cogito, 76(1), 230-265. google scholar
- Karademir Hazır, I. (2014a). Boundaries of middle-class identities in Turkey. The sociological review, 62, 675-697. google scholar
- Karademir Hazır. I. (2016). Wearing class: A study of clothes, bodies, and emotions in Turkey. Journal of consumer culture, 17(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540516631152 google scholar
- Karademir Hazır, I., & Warde, A. (2015). The cultural omnivore thesis: methodological aspects the debate. Routledge international handbook of the sociology of art and culture, pp. 77-89. London: Routledge. google scholar
- Karaosmanoğlu, D. (2009). Eating past: multiple spaces, multiple times: performing “Ottomanness” in Istanbul. International journal of cultural studies, 12(4), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367877909104242 google scholar
- Kaygalak, S. (2008). Kapitalizmin taşrası 16. yüzyıldan 19. yüzyıla Bursa’da toplumsal süreçler ve mekânsal değişim. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
- Kellner, D. (2016). Kültürel marksizm ve kültürel çalısmalar. Ethos: Dialogues in Philosophy and Social Sciences, 9(2), 132-151. google scholar
- Meier, L. (2021). Cities and society: Working class of social inequalities in (post) industrial landscapes, feelings of class. London: Routledge. google scholar
- Metzgar, J. (2021). There is a genuine working- class culture. M. Fazio, C. Launius, and T. Strangleman (Eds.). International handbook of working-class studies in (pp. 231-242). London: Routledge. google scholar
- Ocaklı, F. (2015). Notable networks: Elite recruitment, organizational cohesiveness, and Islamist electoral success in Turkey, Politics & society, 43(3), 385-413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329215584790 google scholar
- Özbek, M. (2006). Popüler kültür ve Orhan Gencebay arabeski. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
- Özgür, İ. (2006). Arabesk music in Turkey in the 1990s and changes in national demography, politics, and identity, Turkish studies, 8(2): 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683840600714616 google scholar
- Pınarcıoğlu, M. (1998). Industrial development and local change: the rise of Turkish textiles and clothing since 1980, and transformation in the local economies of Bursa and Denizli. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University College of London, London. google scholar
- Rankin, B., Ergin, M. and Gökşen, F. (2014). A cultural map of Turkey. Cultural sociology, 8(2), 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1749975513494878 google scholar
- Rankin, B., & Ergin, M. (2017). Cultural omnivorousness in Turkey. Current sociology, 65(7), 1070-1092. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392116634817 google scholar
- Samancı, Ö. (2020). History of eating and drinking in the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. Mieselman, H. L. (Ed), Handbook of eating and drinking: Interdisciplinary perspectives in (pp. 55-76), Cham: Springer. google scholar
- Savage, M., Bagnall, G., & Longhurst, B. (2005). Local habitus and working class culture. F. Devine & M. Savage & J. Scott & R. Crompton (Eds.), Rethinking class: cultures, identities and lifestyles in (pp. 95-123). London: Palgrave Macmillan Press. google scholar
- Savage, M. (2016). The fall and the rise class analysis in British Sociology. Tempo social, 2 (28), 57-72. 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2016.110570 google scholar
- Skeggs, B. (1992). Paul Willis, learning to labor. A. Beezer and M. Barker (Ed) Reading Into Cultural Studies in (pp.181-196). London: Routledge. google scholar
- Skeggs, B. (1997). Formations of class & gender. London: Sage Publications. google scholar
- Streib, J. (2021). Class, culture, and inequality. M. Fazio, C. Launius, and T. Strangleman (Eds.) International handbook of working-class studies in (pp. 242-252). London: Routledge. google scholar
- Strengleman, T. (2021). Work and community introduction: Work and community. M. Fazio, C. Launius, and T. Strangleman (Eds.) Routledge international handbook of working-class studies in (pp. 163-169). London: Routledge. google scholar
- Swartz, D. (2015). Kültür ve iktidar. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
- Taşan- Kok, T. (2016). Changing dynamics of residential segregation in Istanbul. T. Maloutas & K. Fujita (Eds.) Residential segregation in comparative perspective making sense of contextual diversity in (pp. 237-257). London: Routledge. google scholar
- Tatlıcan, Ü., & Çeğin, G. (2014). Bourdieu & Giddens: Habitus veya yapının ikiliği. G. Çeğin & E. Göker & A. Arlı & Ü. Tatlıcan (Der.), Ocak ve zanaat Pierre Bourdieu derlemesi, in (pp. 303-367). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
- Temel, K. (2023). Gecekondu site rezidans Bursa’da sınıf ve mekân. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
- Thompson, E.P. (2010). Avam ve görenek: İngiltere’de geleneksel popüler kültür üzerine araştırmalar. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
- Thornton, S. (2003). Club cultures music, media and subcultural capital. Cambridge: Polity Press. google scholar
- Tuğal, C. (2009). Passive revolution: Absorbing the Islamic challenge to capitalism. Stanford: Stanford University Press. google scholar
- Turner, G. (2016). İngiliz kültürel çalışmaları. Ankara: Heretik Yayınları. google scholar
- TUIK(2024).Employment by sector in Türkiye. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Istihdam,-Issizlik-ve-Ucret-108. google scholar
- Ulukan Ciğerci, N. (2008). Göçmenler ve işgücü piyasası: Bursa’da Bulgaristan göçmenleri örneği. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. google scholar
- Uz, H. (2017). Distinction among middle classes: A qualitative study on the members of two tennis clubs in Izmir, Turkey (unpublished master’s thesis). METU, Ankara. google scholar
- Üstüner, T., and Holt, D. B. (2010). Toward a theory of status consumption less industrialized countries. Journal of consumer research, 37(1), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.1086/649759 google scholar
- Vester, M. (2005). Class and culture in Germany. F. Devine & M. Savage and J. Scott and R. Crompton (Eds.), Rethinking class: Cultures, identities and lifestyles (pp. 69-95). London: Palgrave Macmillan Press. google scholar
- Wacquant, L. (2019). Kentsel marjinallik ve devletin sağ eli. İdealkent Dergisi, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.562671 google scholar
- Warde, A. (2006). Cultural capital and the place of sport. Cultural trends. 15 (2/3), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/09548960600712827 google scholar
- Webster, F. (2004). Cultural studies and sociology at and after, the closure of the Birmingham School. Cultural studies, 18(6), 847-862. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950238042000306891 google scholar
- Williams, R. (1960). Culture & society 1780-1950. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
- Willis, P. (2016). İşçiliği öğrenmek: sınıf, işçilik ve eğitim- işçi çocukları nasıl işçi oluyor. Ankara: Heretik Yayınları. google scholar
- Wood, E. M. (2011). Sınıftan kaçış yeni “hakiki” sosyalizm. İstanbul: Yordam kitap. google scholar
- Wright, E.O. (2016). Sınıflar. İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları. google scholar
- Wright, E.O. (2017). Sınıf yapısı kavramını bir kez daha ‘yeniden’ düşünmek, E. O. Wright (Eds.) Sınıflar üzerine tartışmalar in (pp. 325-418). İstanbul: NotaBene Yayınları. google scholar
- Wynne, D. (1990). Leisure, lifestyle and the construction of social position. Leisure studies, 9 (1), ss. 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614369000390031 google scholar
- White, J. (2002). Islamist mobilization in Turkey: A study in vernacular politics. Seattle: University of Washington press. google scholar
- Yıldırım, E. (2010). Emek karşısında AKP. Yavuz, H.K. (Ed), AKP toplumsal değişimin yeni aktörleri, in (pp. 287-305). İstanbul: Kitap yayınevi. google scholar
Atıflar
Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın
DIŞA AKTAR
APA
Temel, K., & Baştürk, Ş. (2024). The Working Class Culture in Bursa. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732
AMA
Temel K, Baştürk Ş. The Working Class Culture in Bursa. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2024;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732
ABNT
Temel, K.; Baştürk, Ş. The Working Class Culture in Bursa. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2024.
Chicago: Author-Date Style
Temel, Kemal, and Şenol Baştürk. 2024. “The Working Class Culture in Bursa.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732
Chicago: Humanities Style
Temel, Kemal, and Şenol Baştürk. “The Working Class Culture in Bursa.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0, no. 0 (Nov. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732
Harvard: Australian Style
Temel, K & Baştürk, Ş 2024, 'The Working Class Culture in Bursa', Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 22 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732
Harvard: Author-Date Style
Temel, K. and Baştürk, Ş. (2024) ‘The Working Class Culture in Bursa’, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732 (22 Nov. 2024).
MLA
Temel, Kemal, and Şenol Baştürk. “The Working Class Culture in Bursa.” Journal of Economy Culture and Society, vol. 0, no. 0, 2024, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732
Vancouver
Temel K, Baştürk Ş. The Working Class Culture in Bursa. Journal of Economy Culture and Society [Internet]. 22 Nov. 2024 [cited 22 Nov. 2024];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732 doi: 10.26650/JECS2024-1476732
ISNAD
Temel, Kemal - Baştürk, Şenol. “The Working Class Culture in Bursa”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 0/0 (Nov. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2024-1476732