Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review
Md. Bashir Uddin Khan, Yanwen TangA complex interlink between childhood maltreatment and later life delinquency is evident in different studies. This systematic review examines the intricate relationship between childhood maltreatment and the subsequent engagement of individuals in violent exposures. A comprehensive search of the Web of Science (WoS) core collection synthesises several empirical studies published over the last 18 years. Through a meticulous screening process and stringent inclusion criteria, 27 studies were finally selected for analysis using the PRISMA guidelines. The synthesised findings highlight the nuanced interplay between various forms of childhood maltreatment and other confounding factors that predict violence. The USA and China were the most pragmatic in studying this issue. Different statistical techniques, e.g., correlation, regression, and structural equation modelling, were used in these studies. It was found that different forms of maltreatment directly affect violent behaviours. Other factors like psychopathy, drug abuse, conduct disorder, impulsivity, narcissistic vulnerability, and other psychosocial factors often confound it or act as mediators. Gender differences were also examined in some studies. Females were found to be more prone to violent exposure as the outcome of their maltreatment experience in some studies. Findings reveal that neighbourhood factors (neighbourhood disorganisation and social capital) are less represented here.
PDF Görünüm
Referanslar
- Abbiati, M., Mezzo, B., Waeny-Desponds, J., Minervini, J., Mormont, C., & Gravier, B. (2014). Victimization in Childhood of Male Sex Offenders: Relationship between Violence Experienced and Subsequent Offenses through Discourse Analysis. Victims & Offenders, 9(2), 234-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2014.881763 google scholar
- Adler, P. S., Du Gay, P., Morgan, G., & Reed, M. I. (Eds.). (2014). The Oxford handbook of sociology, social theory and organization studies: Contemporary currents (1st edition). Oxford University Press. google scholar
- Ahmad, S. I., Rudd, K. L., LeWinn, K. Z., Mason, W. A., Murphy, L., Juarez, P. D., Karr, C. J., Sathyanarayana, S., Tylavsky, F. A., & Bush, N. R. (2022). Maternal childhood trauma and prenatal stressors are associated with child behavioral health. Journal of Developmental Origins of google scholar
- Health and Disease, 13(4), 483-493. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174421000581 google scholar
- Alexander, J. C. (2012). Trauma: A social theory. Polity Press. google scholar
- Allen, J. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2017). Aggression and Violence: Definitions and Distinctions. In The Wiley Handbook of Violence and Aggression (pp. 1-14). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057574.whbva001 google scholar
- Baglivio, M. T., & Epps, N. (2016). The Interrelatedness of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among High-Risk Juvenile Offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 14(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204014566286 google scholar
- Baglivio, M. T., & Wolff, K. T. (2021). Adverse Childhood Experiences Distinguish Violent Juvenile Sexual Offenders’ Victim Typologies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/jerph182111345 google scholar
- Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., DeLisi, M., & Jackowski, K. (2020). The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Psychopathic Features on Juvenile Offending Criminal Careers to Age 18. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 18(4), 337-364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020927075 google scholar
- Barak, G., Leighton, P., & Cotton, A. M. (2018). Class, race, gender, and crime: The social realities of justice in America (Fifth edition). Rowman & Littlefield. google scholar
- Baron, S. W., & Forde, D. R. (2020). Childhood Trauma, Criminogenic Social Schemas, and Violent Crime. Deviant Behavior, 41(8), 991-1004. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1596534 google scholar
- Ben-David, V., Jonson-Reid, M., Drake, B., & Kohl, P. L. (2015). The association between childhood maltreatment experiences and the onset of maltreatment perpetration in young adulthood controlling for proximal and distal risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 46, 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.01.013 google scholar
- Björkenstam, E., Hjern, A., Björkenstam, C., & Kosidou, K. (2018). Association of Cumulative Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Violent Offending With Suicide in Early Adulthood. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3788 google scholar
- Boch, S. J., & Ford, J. L. (2018). Health Outcomes of Youth in the United States Exposed to Parental Incarceration: An Integrative Review. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 14(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0000000000000201 google scholar
- Brewer-Smyth, K., Cornelius, M. E., & Pickelsimer, E. E. (2015). Childhood Adversity, Mental Health, and Violent Crime. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 11(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0000000000000062 google scholar
- Bridges, K. M. B. (1927). Factors Contributing to Juvenile Delinquency. Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, 17(4), 531. https://doi.org/10.2307/1134348 google scholar
- Bruffaerts, R., Demyttenaere, K., Borges, G., Haro, J. M., Chiu, W. T., Hwang, I., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., Sampson, N., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., Angermeyer, M., Benjet, C., Bromet, E., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Horiguchi, I., . . . Nock, M. K. (2010). Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074716 google scholar
- Burke, C., Ellis, J. D., Peltier, M. R., Roberts, W., Verplaetse, T. L., Phillips, S., Moore, K. E., Marotta, P. L., & McKee, S. A. (2023). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Pathways to Violent Behavior for Women and Men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(3-4), 4034-4060. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221113012 google scholar
- Burke, N. J., Hellman, J. L., Scott, B. G., Weems, C. F., & Carrion, V. G. (2011). The impact of adverse childhood experiences on an urban pediatric population. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.02.006 google scholar
- Casiano, H., Mota, N., Afifi, T. O., Enns, M. W., & Sareen, J. (2009). Childhood Maltreatment and Threats With Weapons. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 197(11), 856-861. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181be9c55 google scholar
- Cattarello, A. M. (2000). Community-level influences on individuals’ social bonds, peer associations, and delinquency: A multilevel analysis. Justice Quarterly, 17(1), 33-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820000094471 google scholar
- Chang, S., Hou, Q., Wang, C., Wang, M., Wang, L., & Zhang, W. (2021). Childhood maltreatment and violent delinquency in Chinese juvenile offenders: Callous-unemotional traits as a mediator. Child Abuse & Neglect, 117, 105085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105085 google scholar
- Chen, G. (2020). Exposure to Family Violence of Israeli Inmates: Does Sex Make a Difference? Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(2), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09713-w google scholar
- Choi, B.-S., Kim, J. I., Kim, B.-N., & Kim, B. (2017). Comorbidities and correlates of conduct disorder among male juvenile detainees in South Korea. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-017-0182-3 google scholar
- Clarke, R. V. (Ed.). (2008). Routine activity and rational choice (2. printing). Transaction Publ. google scholar
- Clarkson Freeman, P. A. (2014). Prevalence and Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Behavior Among Young Children: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Young Children in Child Welfare. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(6), 544-554. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21460 google scholar
- DeLisi, M., Fox, B. H., Fully, M., & Vaughn, M. G. (2018). The effects of temperament, psychopathy, and childhood trauma among delin-quent youth: A test of DeLisi and Vaughn’s temperament-based theory of crime. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 57, 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.ijlp.2018.01.006 google scholar
- Dudeck, M., Sosic-Vasic, Z., Otte, S., Rasche, K., Leichauer, K., Tippelt, S., Shenar, R., Klingner, S., Vasic, N., & Streb, J. (2016). The association of adverse childhood experiences and appetitive aggression with suicide attempts and violent crimes in male forensic psychiatry inpatients. Psychiatry Research, 240, 352-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.073 google scholar
- Duke, N. N., Pettingell, S. L., McMorris, B. J., & Borowsky, I. W. (2010). Adolescent Violence Perpetration: Associations With Multiple Types of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Pediatrics, 125(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0597 google scholar
- Duncan, N. (2001). Book Review: Addressing Childhood Adversity. South African Journal of Psychology, 31(1), 54-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630103100109 google scholar
- Eisner, M. P., & Malti, T. (2015). Aggressive and Violent Behavior. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (1st ed., pp. 1-48). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy319 google scholar
- Estrada, S., Cinguina, M., & Baskin-Sommers, A. (2021). The Role of Exposure to Violence and Psychopathy on Violent Crime Perpetration. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 43(2), 320-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09834-3 google scholar
- Fatima, H., Zhao, S., Yue, A., Li, S., & Shi, Y. (2022). Parental Discipline and Early Childhood Development in Rural China. Sustainability, 14(4), 1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041988 google scholar
- Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2010). Therelationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult medical disease, psychiatric disorders and sexual behavior: Implications for healthcare. In R. A. Lanius, E. Vermetten, & C. Pain (Eds.), The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease (1st ed., pp. 77-87). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511777042.010 google scholar
- Ford, E. S., Anda, R. F., Edwards, V. J., Perry, G. S., Zhao, G., Li, C., & Croft, J. B. (2011). Adverse childhood experiences and smoking status in five states. Preventive Medicine, 53(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.06.015 google scholar
- Forsman, M., & Lângström, N. (2012). Child maltreatment and adult violent offending: Population-based twin study addressing the ’cycle of violence’ hypothesis. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 1977-1983. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711003060 google scholar
- Fox, B. H., Perez, N., Cass, E., Baglivio, M. T., & Epps, N. (2015). Trauma changes everything: Examining the relationship be-tween adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders. Child Abuse & Neglect, 46, 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.01.011 google scholar
- Giovanelli, A., & Reynolds, A. J. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences in a low-income black cohort: The importance of context. Preventive Medicine, 148, 106557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106557 google scholar
- Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press. google scholar
- Grahn, R., Padyab, M., Hall, T., & Lundgren, L. (2020). The Associations between Risky Psychosocial Environment, Substance Addiction Severity and Imprisonment: A Swedish Registry Study. Substance Use & Misuse, 55(5), 697-706. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2019.1696823 google scholar
- Grunwald, H. E., Lockwood, B., Harris, P. W., & Mennis, J. (2010). Influences of Neighborhood Context, Individual History and Parenting Behavior on Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(9), 1067-1079. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9518-5 google scholar
- Guo, L. T. (1989). Family life events and behavior problems in children. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 22(4), 242-245, 255. google scholar
- Guo, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Mei, C., & Yang, B. (2022). The violent offending of drug users: The pathway from childhood maltreat-ment to violent arrests mediated by conduct disorder and crime age. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 33(2), 267-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2022.2046134 google scholar
- Haapasalo, J., & Moilanen, J. (2004). Official and Self-Reported Childhood Abuse and Adult Crime of Young Offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31(2), 127-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854803261328 google scholar
- Hambrick, E. P., Rubens, S. L., Brawner, T. W., & Taussig, H. N. (2018). Do sleep problems mediate the link between adverse child-hood experiences and delinquency in preadolescent children in foster care? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(2), 140-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12802 google scholar
- Hamburger, M. E., Leeb, R. T., & Swahn, M. H. (2008). Childhood Maltreatment and Early Alcohol Use Among High-Risk Adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2008.69.291 google scholar
- Hillis, S. D., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., & Marchbanks, P. A. (2001). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Family Planning Perspectives, 33(5), 206. https://doi.org/10.2307/2673783 google scholar
- Huei-Jong, G., Chihuri, S., Blow, M., & Li, G. (2021). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Justice System Contact: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics, 147(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-021030 google scholar
- Jessor, R. (2017). Problem Behavior Theory and the Social Context. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57885-9 google scholar
- Jones, M. S., Pierce, H., & Chapple, C. L. (2022). Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-Control Development among Youth in Fragile Families. Youth & Society, 54(5), 806-832. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X21996378 google scholar
- Jurma, A. M. (2016). Trauma and Juvenile Delinquency—A Developmental Perspective. Probation as A Field OF Study and Research: From Person to Society, 116-120. google scholar
- Kazeem, O. T. (2020). Adverse Childhood Experiences, Socio-Economic Status, and Criminal Behaviour: A Cross-Sectional Correctional Survey. Adversity and Resilience Science, 1(4), 319-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00018-2 google scholar
- Keene, A. C., & Epps, J. (2016). Childhood physical abuse and aggression: Shame and narcissistic vulnerability. Child Abuse & Neglect, 51, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.012 google scholar
- Keller, H. (2018). Universality claim of attachment theory: Children’s socioemotional development across cultures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(45), 11414-11419. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720325115 google scholar
- Kim, J. (2022). Neighborhood violent crime and juvenile delinquency: Longitudinal mediation effect of aggression. Journal of Welfare for the Correction, 78, 1-30. google scholar
- Kokkalera, S., Marshall, C., & Haen Marshall, I. (2018). The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference? Societies, 8(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8020033 google scholar
- Koo, M. (2021). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research: A Bibliometric Analysis over a 50-Year Period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7095. https://doi.org/10.3390/yerph18137095 google scholar
- Kratcoski, P. C., Dunn Kratcoski, L., & Kratcoski, P. C. (2020). Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Research, and the Juvenile Justice Process. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31452-1 google scholar
- Levenson, J. S., Willis, G. M., & Prescott, D. S. (2016). Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Lives of Male Sex Offenders: Implications for Trauma-Informed Care. Sexual Abuse, 28(4), 340-359. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214535819 google scholar
- Mallicoat, S. L. (2019). Women, gender, and crime: Core concepts. California: SAGE Publications, Inc. google scholar
- Malvaso, C. G., Delfabbro, P. H., & Day, A. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences in a South Australian sample of young people in detention. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 52(3), 411-431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865818810069 google scholar
- Mann, E. A., & Reynolds, A. J. (2006). Early Intervention and Juvenile Delinquency Prevention: Evidence from the Chicago Longitudinal Study. Social WorkResearch, 30(3), 153-167. https://doi.Org/10.1093/swr/30.3.153 google scholar
- Martins, J., Dinis, M. A. P., Caridade, S. M. M., Sousa, H. F. P. e, & Moura, A. de. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and delinquent behaviour: Predictors and mediating variables. Revista De Psiquiatria Clinica, 48, 75-82. google scholar
- Miley, L. N., Fox, B., Muniz, C. N., Perkins, R., & DeLisi, M. (2020). Does childhood victimization predict specific adolescent offending? An analysis of generality versus specificity in the victim-offender overlap. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104328 google scholar
- Miura, H., & Fuchigami, Y. (2022). Influence of maltreatment, bullying, and neurocognitive impairment on recidivism in adolescents with conduct disorder: A 3-Year prospective study. Applied Neuropsychology-Child, 11(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1734458 google scholar
- Morgan, V. A., Di Prinzio, P., Valuri, G., Croft, M., McNeil, T., & Jablensky, A. (2019). Are familial liability for schizophrenia and obstetric complications independently associated with risk of psychotic illness, after adjusting for other environmental stressors in childhood? Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 53(11), 1105-1115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419864427 google scholar
- Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674-701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674 google scholar
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ, 339(jul21 1), b2535-b2535. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535 google scholar
- Moss, H. B., Ge, S., Trager, E., Saavedra, M., Yau, M., Ijeaku, I., & Deas, D. (2020). Risk for Substance Use Disorders in young adulthood: Associations with developmental experiences of homelessness, foster care, and adverse childhood experiences. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152175 google scholar
- Müller-Fabian, A. (2016). Juvenile Delinquency: Is Society to Blame? 405-410. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.12.49 google scholar
- Mustaine, E. E., Tewksbury, R., & Stengel, K. M. (2006). Social disorganization and residential locations of registered sex offenders: Is this a collateral consequence? DEVIANT BEHAVIOR, 27(3), 329-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639620600605606 google scholar
- Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44(2), 329-335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.329 google scholar
- Peng, J., Zhang, J., Yuan, W., Zhou, X., & Fang, P. (2022). The correlation of childhood maltreatment and aggression among incarcerated adolescents: Testing the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-control. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03618-6 google scholar
- Piscitelli, A. (2019). Spatial Regression ofJuvenile Delinquency: Revisiting Shaw and McKay. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 14(2), 132-147. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712655 google scholar
- Rose, D. R. (2000). Social disorganization and parochial control: Religious institutions and their communities. SOCIOLOGICAL FORUM, 15(2), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007525709311 google scholar
- Rose, K., Woodworth, M., & Minton, J. (2020). An exploration of individual differences in a sample of youth charged with violent sexual and non-sexual crimes. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 27(1), 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2019.1687043 google scholar
- Sarchiapone, M., Carli, V., Cuomo, C., Marchetti, M., & Roy, A. (2009). Association between childhood trauma and aggression in male prisoners. Psychiatry Research, 165(1-2), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.04.026 google scholar
- Scott, J. (2006). Social theory: Central issues in sociology. Sage Publ. google scholar
- Shaw, D. J., Warren, T. B., & Johnson, M. E. (2019). Family structure and past-30 day opioid misuse among justice-involved children. Substance Use and Misuse, 54(7), 1226-1235. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2019.1573839 google scholar
- Shin, S. H., Cook, A. K., Morris, N. A., McDougle, R., & Groves, L. P. (2016). The different faces of impulsivity as links between childhood maltreatment and young adult crime. Preventive Medicine, 88, 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.022 google scholar
- Spriggs, A. L., Halpern, C. T., & Martin, S.L. (2009). Continuity of adolescent and early adult partner violence victimisation: Association with wit-nessing violent crime in adolescence. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 63(9), 741-748. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.078592 google scholar
- Steinberg, J. L., & Lassiter, W. L. (2018). Toward a Trauma-Responsive Juvenile Justice System. North Carolina Medical Journal, 79(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.79.2.115 google scholar
- Stults, B. J. (2010). Determinants of Chicago Neighborhood Homicide Trajectories: 1965-1995. Homicide Studies, 14(3), 244-267. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767910371173 google scholar
- Tung, I., Norona, A. N., & Lee, S. S. (2019). Childhood maltreatment affects adolescent sensitivity to parenting and close friendships in predicting growth in externalizing behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 31(04), 1237-1253. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000585 google scholar
- Valdimarsdottir, M., & Bernburg, J. G. (2015). Community Disadvantage, Parental Network, and Commitment to Social Norms: Multilevel Study of Self-reported Delinquency in Iceland. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(2), 213-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427814548685 google scholar
- Vold, G. B., Bernard, T. J., & Snipes, J. B. (1998). Theoretical criminology (4. ed). Oxford Univ. Pr. google scholar
- Wallace, R. A., & Wolf, A. (1995). Contemporary sociological theory: Continuing the classical tradition (4. ed). Prentice Hall. google scholar
- Wang, D., Choi, J.-K., & Shin, J. (2020). Long-term Neighborhood Effects on Adolescent Outcomes: Mediated through Adverse Childhood Experiences and Parenting Stress. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(10), 2160-2173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01305-y google scholar
- Wang, Y., Xu, K., Cao, G., Qian, M., Shook, J., & Ai, A. L. (2012). Child maltreatment in an incarcerated sample in China: Prediction for crime types in adulthood. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(8), 1553-1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.04.015 google scholar
- Weaver, C. M., Borkowski, J. G., & Whitman, T. L. (2008). Violence breeds violence: Childhood exposure and adolescent conduct problems. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1), 96-112. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20219 google scholar
- Weijters, G., Scheepers, P., & Gerris, J. (2009). City and/or Neighbourhood Determinants? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY, 6(5), 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370809337883 google scholar
- Weisburd, D. (2012). Bringing Social Context Back Into the Equation The Importance of Social Characteristics of Places in the Prevention of Crime. Criminology & Public Policy, 11(2), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00810.x google scholar
- Weisburd, D. (2012). Bringing Social Context Back Into the Equation The Importance of Social Characteristics of Places in the Prevention of Crime. Criminology & Public Policy, 11(2), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00810.x google scholar
- Wright, J. P. (2009). Rational Choice Theories (pp. 9780195396607-0007) [dataset]. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0007 google scholar
- Yampolskaya, S., Armstrong, M. I., & McNeish, R. (2011). Children Placed in Out-of-Home Care: Risk Factors for Involvement With the Juvenile Justice System. Violence and Victims, 26(2), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.2.231 google scholar
- Yang, J.-M., Tseng, S.-F., & Won, Y.-L. (2016). A Bibliometric Analysis on Data Mining Using Bradford’s Law. In J. Juang (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies and Engineering Systems (ICITES2014) (Vol. 345, pp. 613-620). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17314-6_78 google scholar
Atıflar
Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın
DIŞA AKTAR
APA
Khan, M.U., & Tang, Y. (2024). Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, 12(1), 57-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724
AMA
Khan M U, Tang Y. Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi. 2024;12(1):57-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724
ABNT
Khan, M.U.; Tang, Y. Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, [Publisher Location], v. 12, n. 1, p. 57-78, 2024.
Chicago: Author-Date Style
Khan, Md. Bashir Uddin, and Yanwen Tang. 2024. “Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review.” Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 12, no. 1: 57-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724
Chicago: Humanities Style
Khan, Md. Bashir Uddin, and Yanwen Tang. “Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review.” Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 12, no. 1 (Dec. 2024): 57-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724
Harvard: Australian Style
Khan, MU & Tang, Y 2024, 'Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review', Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 57-78, viewed 22 Dec. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724
Harvard: Author-Date Style
Khan, M.U. and Tang, Y. (2024) ‘Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review’, Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, 12(1), pp. 57-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724 (22 Dec. 2024).
MLA
Khan, Md. Bashir Uddin, and Yanwen Tang. “Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review.” Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2024, pp. 57-78. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724
Vancouver
Khan MU, Tang Y. Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi [Internet]. 22 Dec. 2024 [cited 22 Dec. 2024];12(1):57-78. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724 doi: 10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724
ISNAD
Khan, Md. BashirUddin - Tang, Yanwen. “Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Behaviour: A Systematic Review”. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 12/1 (Dec. 2024): 57-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2024-1360724