Tehlikeli Madde Lojistiğinde Güzergahların Bulanık Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme Yöntemleri ile Belirlenmesi: Adıyaman-Ankara Örneği
Tehlikeli maddeler, insan sağlığına ve çevreye zarar verme potansiyeli taşıyan riskli malzemelerdir. Bu maddelerin yanlış güzergahlarda taşınması, ciddi kazalara ve çevresel tahribatlara neden olabilirken yanlış kararların alınması, yalnızca insan sağlığı ve çevreyi değil, ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği de olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle, çalışma bulguları hem lojistik süreçlerin iyileştirilmesine hem de ulusal ve bölgesel düzeyde yol göstermeye katkı sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Adıyaman-Ankara güzergahı özelinde tehlikeli madde lojistiği için uygun güzergah seçimini etkileyen kriterlerin belirlenmesi ve ağırlıklandırılması ele alınmıştır. Literatür taraması ve uzman görüşlerine dayanarak belirlenen 17 kriter, belirsizlik ve uzman görüşlerindeki farklılıkları inceleyen Pisagor Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu yöntem, belirsizliğin yüksek olduğu durumlarda karar alma süreçlerini daha hassas hale getirmeyi amaçlar. Kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılmasının ardından, alternatif güzergahlar Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemlerinden biri olan TOPSIS ile sıralanmıştır. Bu teknik, alternatifleri ideal ve anti-ideal çözümlere olan uzaklıkları temel alarak değerlendirir ve en uygun çözümü belirler. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, Göksun-Elbistan Ankara-Niğde Otoyolu güzergahı, güvenlik, çevresel etkiler ve operasyonel uygunluk açısından en uygun seçenek olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, tehlikeli madde taşımacılığında risklerin minimize edilmesi, sürdürülebilir güzer gahların belirlenmesi ve karar destek proseslerinin iyileştirilmesi için kapsamlı bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Çalışma, karar vericilere güvenli ve çevre dostu taşımacılık için rehberlik etmeyi hedeflemektedir
Determination of Routes in Hazardous Material Logistics Using Fuzzy Multi-Criterıa Decision-Making Methods: The Case of Adıyaman-Ankara
Hazardous materials are risky substances with the potential to harm human health and the environment. Transporting these materials on unsuitable routes can result in severe accidents and environmental damage. This study focuses on identifying and weighting the criteria that influence the selection of appropriate routes for hazardous material logistics, specifically on the Adıyaman-Ankara route. Seventeen criteria, determined through a literature review and expert opinions, were evaluated using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method accounts for uncertainty and variations in expert opinions, aiming to enhance decision-making accuracy in situations with high uncertainty. After weighting the criteria, alternative routes were ranked using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), one of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods. TOPSIS evaluates alternatives based on their distances from ideal and an37ti-ideal solutions to identify the best option. The analysis results indicated that the Göksun-Elbistan-Ankara-Niğde Highway is the most suitable route in terms of safety, environmental impact, and operational feasibility. This study provides a comprehensive methodology to minimize risks in hazardous material transportation, supports sustainable route selection, and improves decision-support processes. It guides decision-makers toward safer and more environmentally friendly transportation solutions.
The transportation of hazardous materials is a critical concern for logistics management due to the significant risks posed to human health and the environment. Materials such as explosives, flammable substances, radioactive elements, and corrosive chemicals are inherently dangerous and require meticulous planning during their movement. If these materials are not transported via carefully selected routes, the consequences can include severe accidents, environmental degradation, and public health crises. This study explores a structured and data-driven approach to selecting the optimal routes for hazardous material transportation, focusing on the journey from Adıyaman to Ankara.
The research employs the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PFAHP) to prioritize criteria impacting route selection and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate alternative routes. Together, these multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods provide a comprehensive framework for addressing the inherent uncertainties in subjective human judgment while ensuring a robust evaluation process. The study begins by identifying 17 critical criteria through an extensive literature review and expert consultations. These criteria include population density, risk of accidents, proximity to emergency response infrastructure, and traffic intensity. The selection process accounts for both static and dynamic factors that influence the safety and efficiency of hazardous material transportation. Static factors such as road quality and environmental sensitivity are complemented by dynamic considerations like traffic patterns and weather conditions.
The methodology follows a systematic approach:
Data Collection: Criteria relevant to hazardous material logistics were gathered from academic studies and insights from professionals in the field. Criteria Weighting: The Pisagor Fuzzy AHP method was employed to assign weights to each criterion, reflecting their relative importance. This approach allows the use of linguistic variables to handle the vagueness and subjectivity inherent in human decision-making. Route Evaluation: Using the TOPSIS method, the weighted criteria were applied to assess seven alternative routes between Adıyaman and Ankara. This method calculates the geometric distance of each route to an ideal solution, ranking them in order of suitability. The results indicate that the "Göksun-Elbistan-Ankara-Niğde Otoyolu" route is the most optimal choice for transporting hazardous materials. This route achieves a favorable balance across key factors such as safety, efficiency and environmental considerations. Specifically, it ranks highest in proximity to emergency response facilities, minimal exposure to populated areas, and manageable traffic conditions.
The key findings from the analysis include the following:
• Dynamic factors such as traffic fluctuations and weather conditions must be integrated into route planning to adapt to real-time changes effectively.
• Routes that minimize human exposure and environmental impact should be prioritized, even if they require longer travel distances or higher costs.
• The combination of Pisagor Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS offers a robust framework for evaluating complex logistics decisions, making it applicable to other hazardous material transportation scenarios.
This study emphasizes the critical need for data-driven, structured methodologies in hazardous material logistics. Because these materials carry unique risks, ensuring their safe and efficient transportation is paramount to protecting public safety and preserving environmental integrity. The integration of MCDM techniques enables logistics planners and policymakers to make informed decisions based on a holistic view of the factors at play. To enhance the applicability of these findings, the study recommends the integration of real-time data sources, such as GPS tracking and live traffic updates, into the decision-making process. In addition, continuous monitoring and re-evaluation of the identified criteria are essential to account for the evolving conditions and technological advancements in the logistics sector. This research contributes valuable insights for improving hazardous material transportation, offering a replicable model that can be adapted to various regional contexts and types of dangerous goods. The findings support the development of safer, more efficient, and environmentally responsible logistics strategies, ultimately aiding policymakers and industry stakeholders in mitigating the risks associated with hazardous material movement.
