Ahmet Mithat Efendi’nin “Felsefe-i Zenan” Adlı Eserinin Sadeleştirilmiş Metninin Dil İçi Çeviri Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Beste SeyithanoğluDil içi çeviri, dilsel unsurların aynı dilin başka unsurları aracılığıyla yeniden söylenmesidir. Dili malzeme olarak kullanan edebî metinlerin okuyuculara farklı dönemlerde nasıl sunulduğu, hem dilin hem de edebiyatın gelişimini gösterir. Artsüremli dil içi çeviri uygulamalarının incelenmesi, metinlerin ve okuyucuların edebî yolculuğunun seyri bakımından önemlidir. Felsefe-i Zenan, Ahmet Mithat Efendi’nin 1870-1894 yılları arasında yayımladığı otuz hikâye ve romandan müteşekkil Letâif-i Rivâyat adlı külliyatındaki hikâyelerden biridir. 2008 yılında sel Yayıncılık tarafından tıpkıbasımı ile sadeleştirilmiş hâli bir arada olarak yeniden basılan eser Türk edebiyatında kadın haklarından ve kadın-erkek eşitliğinden bahseden ilk metinlerden biridir. 19. yüzyılda kaleme alınan bu metnin 21. yüzyıl okuyucusuna dil içi çeviri bağlamında nasıl aktarıldığını incelediğimiz bu çalışmanın amacı dil içi çevirinin iki yüz yıllık bir metne nasıl uygulandığının ve bu uygulamanın edebî dile etkilerinin tespitidir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Felsefe-i Zenan hikâyesinin 21. yüzyıl okuyucusuna aktarılırken metnin anlaşılmasının birincil maksat olduğu ve dil unsurlarında buna göre değişiklikler yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu dil içi çevirinin; yazarın edebî kaygıları gözetilerek eserin günümüz okuru tarafından anlaşılması ve maksadına ulaşması için yapıldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca iki yüzyıllık zaman diliminde edebî dilde sözcük ve sözcük üstü yapılarda nasıl değişiklikler olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Evaluation of The Simplified Text of Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s Work “Felsefe-i Zenan” In The Context of Intra-Linguistic Translation
Beste SeyithanoğluIntralingual translation is the retelling of linguistic elements through other elements of the same language. How literary texts that use language as material are presented to readers in different periods shows the development of both language and literature. Examining diachronic intralingual translation practices is important in terms of the course of the literary journey of texts and readers. Felsefe-i Zenan is one of the stories in Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s collection called Letâif-i Rivâyat, which consists of thirty stories and novels published between 1870 and 1894. The work, which was republished as a facsimile and a simplified version by Sel Publishing in 2008, is one of the first texts in Turkish literature to talk about women’s rights and equality between men and women. The aim of this study, in which we examine how this text written in the 19th century was transferred to the 21st century reader in the context of interlingual translation, is to determine how intralingual translation was applied to a two-hundred-year-old text and the effects of this application on literary language. As a result of the study, it was determined that the primary aim was to understand the text while transferring the story of Felsefe-i Zenan to the 21st century reader and changes were made in the language elements accordingly. Therefore, this intralingual translation; It has been seen that the work was written by taking into account the literary concerns of the author in order to be understood by today’s readers and to achieve its purpose. In addition, it has been observed how changes in the word and supra-word structures in the literary language have occurred over a period of two centuries.
Intralingual translation is the retelling of linguistic elements through other elements of the same language. How literary texts that use language as material are presented to readers in different periods shows the development of both language and literature. Examining diachronic intralingual translation practices is important in terms of the course of the literary journey of texts and readers. Felsefe-i Zenan is one of the stories in Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s collection called Letâif-i Rivâyat, which consists of thirty stories and novels published between 1870 and 1894. The work, which was republished as a facsimile and a simplified version by Sel Publishing in 2008, is one of the first texts in Turkish literature to talk about women’s rights and equality between men and women. The aim of this study, in which we examine how this text written in the 19th century was transferred to the 21st century reader in the context of interlingual translation, is to determine how intralingual translation was applied to a two-hundred-year-old text and the effects of this application on literary language.
In our study, equivalence, which is one of the main topics of intralingual translation, was preferred as the method. How the transcriber made changes while translating the target supralexical structures, morphosyntactic structures and syntactic elements in the source text into the target text and their equivalents in today’s readers were discussed and evaluated within the scope of equivalence. Here, various studies on intralingual translation and equivalence were used as sources. During the intralingual translation of the work titled Felsefe-i Zenan, it was observed that many syntactic, morpheme and lexical changes were made while remaining faithful to the semantic and subject integrity of the text. In the text examined, examples of the words that the narrator changed in the context of his effort to simplify the language of the text were examined under the heading of "Lexical Equivalence" and it was seen that he preferred to use words of Turkish origin instead of many Arabic and Persian words. For this reason, most examples are given under the heading of lexical equivalence. Lexical changes allow the reader to follow the plot of the story more easily and quickly with the words he knows. The changes made by the transcriber on the syntax of the text were mostly detected in Arabic and Persian phrases. In addition, it was observed that the transmitter took the initiative in interlingual translation by dividing some sequential sentences built with adverbial structure and writing them into simple sentences. It has been observed that the narrator mostly makes the changes in the transfer of morphemes in order to present a familiar sentence to the reader, and for this purpose, the transmitter prefers to present paragraphs consisting of long sentences to the reader in more than one sentence by changing some adverb-verb structures. In addition to replacing some foreign-origin words with Turkish-derived suffixes, examples have also been found where he replaced Turkish-origin morphemes with current ones. Finally, under the title of "Textual Equivalence", it was examined whether the translator applied an intralingual translation method in the integrity of the subject and meaning of the text, and in this context, it was determined that there was no intervention in the source text. In addition to the quotations made in the target text, it has been observed that the narrator preserves some structures that he thinks are known to the new reader, are still used in daily language, or that he believes would lead to a weakening of meaning if changed. Accordingly, the transmitter; It can be said that it aims to present an understandable text to today’s readers with the structures they know and recognize in the living Turkish language used. As a result of the study, it was seen that Felsefe-i Zenan, one of the successful and remarkable examples of intralingual translation in Turkish, met with the reader again by preserving its semantic integrity with the accurate choices of the transmitter, in addition to the changes it underwent in terms of vocabulary.
