Luther’den Schleiermacher’e Kadar Olan Dönemde Hermenötiğin Çeviri Odaklı Düşünceyle İlişkisi ve Gelişimi
Yelda Arkan, Saskia M. BahnerAçıklamanın, yorumlamanın ve çevirinin hermeneutik yaklaşımlarının köklerinin izini antik çağa kadar sürmek olanaklıdır. Hermenötik yaklaşımlar birçok beşeri bilim alanında önemli bir yere sahip olmakla birlikte, çeviri bilim alanında da tartışıldığı yadsınamaz. Hermenötiğin gelişimi açısından önemli noktaları saptamak ve hermenötiğe dair bilim öncesi yaklaşımların özellikle 16.- 19. yüzyıllar arasında yeniden şekillendiği gerçeğini göz önünde bulundurarak, Luther’den Schleiermacher’e kadar olan zaman dilimi bu çalışmanın amacı için belirleyici olmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, alan yazının incelenmesi doğrultusunda elde edilen çeşitli kaynaklara başvurulup belirtilen süreci kapsayan ve ortaya koyulan yaklaşımların benzerlik ve/veya farklılıklarını “anlamak”, “yorumlamak”, “aktarmak/çevirmek” gibi hermenötik terimlerin arasındaki bağıntısını saptamak, ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirmeyi kapsayacaktır. Bu bağlamda süreci kapsayan ayrımlı yaklaşımların diyakronik gelişimi gözetilerek aralarındaki benzerlikleri ve / veya farklılıklarını ortaya koymak ve bu bilgiler ekseninde konstrüktif boyutuyla mercek altına almak hedeflenmiştir. Nitekim bütün yaklaşımların birbirinden bağımsız olarak gelişmediği varsayılmalıdır. Özellikle Luther ve Schleiermacher’in hermeneutik bağlamda olduğu kadar çeviribilim alanında da önemli bir yere sahip oldukları bilinmektedir. Bu savlamayı somutlaştırmak gerektiğinden Luther’den Schleiermacher’e kadar olan tarihsel süreç içerisinde etkilerini gösteren hermeneutik yaklaşımların ışığında çeviri odaklı yaklaşımların irdelenmesi söz konusudur. Böylece hermeneutik yaklaşımların ve çeviri odaklı yaklaşımların gelişiminde karşılıklı bir etkileşimin söz konusu olup olmadığını saptamak mümkün olacaktır.
Die Entwicklung und Vernetzung der Hermeneutik mit Bezug auf das übersetzungsorientierte Denken in der Zeitspanne von Luther bis Schleiermacher
Yelda Arkan, Saskia M. BahnerDie Wurzeln der hermeneutischen Theorie des Erklärens, Auslegens und Übersetzens können bis in die Antike zurückverfolgt werden. In den unterschiedlichsten geisteswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen hat die Hermeneutik einen wichtigen Platz eingenommen, so auch in der Translationswissenschaft. Da sich die vorwissenschaftlichen hermeneutischen Ansätze insbesondere in der Zeitspanne des 16. und 19. Jahrhundert neu entfalteten, sind für diese Arbeit die Ansätze ab Luther bis Schleiermacher ausschlaggebend. Hierfür werden verschiedene Quellen herangezogen, um die unterschiedlichen Ansätze der Hermeneutik ab Luther bis Schleiermacher auf die Überschneidungen bzw. auf die Gemeinsamkeiten in Bezug auf die Vernetzung der hermeneutischen Begriffe „verstehen“, „interpretieren“, „übertragen/übersetzen“ hin zu recherchieren, eingehend zu analysieren und in dieser Arbeit zusammenzutragen. Ziel ist es, die Ansätze konstruktiv näher zu beleuchten, um Überschneidungen bzw. Gleichheiten aus der diachronischen Entwicklung heraus, deutlich zu machen, denn es sollte davon auszugehen sein, dass sich die unterschiedlichen Ansätze nicht unabhängig voneinander entwickelt haben.
The Development and Nexus of Hermeneutics in Relation to Translation-Oriented Thinking in the Period from Luther to Schleiermacher
Yelda Arkan, Saskia M. BahnerThe roots of the hermeneutic theory of explanation, interpretation, and translation can be traced back to antiquity. Hermeneutics has occupied an important place in a wide range of disciplines in the humanities, which include translation studies. However, the pre-scientific hermeneutical approaches developed in the 16𝑡 ℎ and 19𝑡 ℎ centuries in particular, which is why the approaches from Luther to Schleiermacher are essential for the current study. This work will consider the different approaches to hermeneutics from Luther to Schleiermacher, looking for overlaps or similarities in relation to the interconnection of the hermeneutic terms of understand, interpret, and translate that are used in various sources, after which the article will perform a detailed analysis and compilation. The study aims to constructively examine the approaches in more detail and to clarify the overlaps and similarities based on the diachronic development, as one should assume that the different approaches did not develop independently from one another.
The roots of the hermeneutic theory of explanation, interpretation, and translation can be traced back to antiquity. Hermeneutics has occupied an important place over many disciplines of the humanities, including translation studies. Due to the pre-scientific hermeneutical approaches having been developed in the 16𝑡 ℎ and 19𝑡 ℎ centuries in particular, the approaches from Luther to Schleiermacher are decisive for this study. Its aim is to consider the approaches constructively in more detail in order to clarify the overlaps and similarities based on the diachronic development, as the different approaches can be assumed to have not developed independently of each other.
This paper will consider the different approaches to hermeneutics from Luther to Schleiermacher with regard to overlaps and similarities in relation to the interconnection of the hermeneutic terms of understand, interpret, and translate using various sources. The study will then analyze these in detail and compile them.
In the 16th century when hermeneutics was founded theologically, Luther is seen to have provided important linguistic aspects for the development of hermeneutics in addition to his pneumatic approach, while Flacius having compiled the existing rules in a textbook. The aim in this was to provide readers with grammatical, linguistic, and methodological knowledge so as to be able to understand the Bible legitimately on their own.
In the 17𝑡 ℎ century, Dannhauer lifted hermeneutics out of the theological environment and tried to construct hermeneutics on a scientific basis across texts and disciplines, as he viewed a uniform teaching to be sufficient for the art of understanding rather than having different procedures for different types of text. Well over 100 years later, Schleiermacher tried to generalize hermeneutics by abstracting it from the boundaries of written objects and trying to systematize it to understand language in general. Schleiermacher’s aim evidently was to understand understanding. In this context, he found a three-fold gradation of understanding that was initially based on the contextual level of the language. In his further studies, he then developed a concept of understanding that on one hand related to the language and on the other hand to the author and the external circumstances in which the language operates. Based on this development, one can deduce that every previous hermeneutic approach had given further impetus to the next approach.
Luther and Schleiermacher are relevant name not only hermeneutically, but also in terms of translation studies. Therefore, this paper also analyzes the translation-oriented approaches of Luther and Schleiermacher against the background of their hermeneutic approaches in order to determine the extent to which the hermeneutic and translationoriented approaches interact.
In this context, it is possible to say about Luther and Schleiermacher that despite the different epochs and approaches became clear that they both separate the process of understanding from the process of translation. No translation process can begin without first analyzing and understanding the spoken utterance. This also means that the translation process (the second phase) is linked to the understanding process (the first phase) in such a way that the individual actions ultimately complement each other causally. One of the things to note about Schleiermacher’s translation work was that all aspects necessary for understanding should be applied in reverse to the translation process in order to be able to correctly transmit the source text and allow for a complex overall understanding. This interplay should explain why the term hermeneutics includes all actions such as understanding, interpreting, and translating and why hermeneutics has taken its place in translation studies. Accordingly, having a future study uncover the extent to which this hermeneutic development and its nexus have continued into modern times, as well as what influence this has had on translation studies, would be interesting.
Der ganze Begriff des Götterboten Hermes bildet ja nur ab, dass vielleicht der andere Mensch für jeden, selbst ein nächster Mensch, ebenso schwer und unbegreiflich ist wie in der griechischen Mythologie der Wille der Götter für die Sterblichen. . . (Interview Hans-Georg Gadamer - SRW 1984)
