Public Health: Today and Always

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CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/LSB30LSB60.2024.032.014   IUP :10.26650/B/LSB30LSB60.2024.032.014    Full Text (PDF)

Unusual Situations-Disasters and Public Health

Hülya Gül, Muhammed Atak

Disasters are events, either natural or man-made, that disrupt the normal functioning of society and exceed the coping capabilities of communities with their available resources. These situations not only cause physical damages but also deeply affect the economic and social structures, leading to significant costs. Disasters increase the challenges faced by communities not just with their immediate effects but also through their long-term consequences. Disaster management aims to be prepared for such events, effectively respond, and help communities return to their normal lives. Disaster management process includes phases from the silent period, through alert, response, external assistance, to rehabilitation. Each phase is aimed at reducing the effects of disasters and increasing the community’s recovery capacity. From a public health perspective, approaches to disasters are structured as primary (prevention and preparedness), secondary (measures during and immediately after a disaster), and tertiary (restoration of community order) protection. In this context, controlling infectious diseases, environmental health management, nutrition organization, and psychosocial support are critical components. Disaster management also involves developing institutional structures and policies that enhance the resilience of communities against disasters. With these approaches, communities are enabled to recover more quickly and effectively in the face of disasters.


Keywords: Unusual situation, disaster, disaster management
DOI :10.26650/B/LSB30LSB60.2024.032.014   IUP :10.26650/B/LSB30LSB60.2024.032.014    Full Text (PDF)

Olağan Dışı Durumlar-Afetler ve Halk Sağlığı

Hülya Gül, Muhammed Atak

Afetler, insanların yaşam düzenini ve toplumun normal işleyişini bozan ve toplulukların elindeki kaynaklarla başa çıkma yeteneklerini aşan doğal veya insan kaynaklı olaylardır. Bu durumlar, sadece fiziksel hasarlarla sınırlı kalmayıp, ekonomik ve sosyal yapıları da derinden etkileyerek ciddi maliyetlere yol açar. Afetler yalnızca kısa dönem etkileriyle değil, aynı zamanda uzun vadede yarattıkları sonuçlarla da toplumların karşı karşıya kaldığı sorunları artırır. Afet tıbbı, afet riskleriyle karşı karşıya kalan toplumun olumsuz sağlık durumlarını önlemek ve azaltmak için sağlık hizmet ve tesislerinin afet öncesi ve sonrası dönemde çalışır durumda kalmasını sağlamayı amaçlar. Afet yönetimi, bu tür olaylara hazırlıklı olmayı, etkili müdahalede bulunmayı ve toplumları tekrar normal yaşantılarına döndürebilmeyi hedefler. Afet yönetimi süreçleri, sessiz dönemden başlayıp, alarm, izolasyon, dış yardım ve rehabilitasyon dönemlerini kapsar. Her bir süreç, afetin etkilerini azaltmaya ve toplumun iyileşme kapasitesini artırmaya yöneliktir. Halk sağlığı açısından, afetlere yaklaşım birincil (önleme ve hazırlıklı olma), ikincil (afet sırası ve hemen sonrasında alınacak önlemler) ve üçüncül (toplumun düzeninin iyileştirilmesi) koruma olarak yapılandırılır. Bu çerçevede, bulaşıcı hastalıkların kontrolü, çevre sağlığı yönetimi, beslenme organizasyonu ve psikososyal destek önemli bileşenlerdir. Afet yönetimi, aynı zamanda, toplumların afetlere karşı daha dirençli hale gelmelerini sağlayacak kurumsal yapılanmaların ve politikaların geliştirilmesini de içerir. Bu yaklaşımla, afetler karşısında toplumların daha hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde toparlanmaları sağlanmış olur. 


Keywords: Olağandışı durum, afet, afet yönetimi

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