References

• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249. google scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Can-cerJ Clin. 2019;69(1):7-34. google scholar
• Gorshkov K, Sima N, Sun W, et al. Quantitative chemotherapeutic profiling of gynecologic cancer cell lines using approved drugs and bioactive compounds. Transl Oncol. 2019;12(3):441-452. google scholar
• Song M, Cui M, Liu K. Therapeutic strate-gies to overcome cisplatin resistance in ovar-ian cancer. Eur J Med Chem. 2022;232:114205.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114205 google scholar
• Chen SH, Chang JY. New ınsights into mechanisms of cisplatin resistance: From tumor cell to microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(17):4136. doi:10.3390/ijms20174136 google scholar
• McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. PARP inhibition in platinum-based chemotherapy: Chemopotentiation and neuroprotection. Pharmacol Res. 2018;137:104-113. google scholar
• Amable L. Cisplatin resistance and opportunities for precision medicine. Pharmacol Res. 2016;106:27-36. google scholar
• Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Anti-aging implications of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi): A well-known Chinese tonic. Aging Dis. 2017;8(6):868-886. google scholar
• Song H, Qiu J, Yu C, et al. Traditional Chinese Medicine pre-scription Huang-Qi-Jian-Zhong-Tang ameliorates indomethacin-induced duodenal ulcers in rats by affecting NF-k B and STAT signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;156:113866. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113866 google scholar
• Zhang J, Wu C, Gao L, Du G, Qin X. Astragaloside IV derived from Astragalus membranaceus: A research review on the phar-macological effects. Adv Pharmacol. 2020;87:89-112. google scholar
• Qu YZ, Li M, Zhao YL, et al. Astragaloside IV attenuates cere-bral ischemia-reperfusion-induced increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;606(1):137-141. google scholar
• Zhang WD, Chen H, Zhang C, Liu RH, Li HL, Chen HZ. Astra-galoside IV from Astragalus membranaceus shows cardioprotec-tion during myocardial ischemia in vivo and in vitro. Planta Med. 2006;72(1):4-8. google scholar
• Lai ST, Wang Y, Peng F. Astragaloside IV sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to cisplatin by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. J Thorac Dis. 2020;12(7):3715-3724. google scholar
• Min L, Wang H, Qi H. Astragaloside IV inhibits the progression of liver cancer by modulating macrophage polarization through the TLR4/NF-kB/STAT3 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res. 2022;14(3):1551-1566. google scholar
• Abas BI, Demirbolat GM, Cevik O. Wharton jelly-derived mes-enchymal stem cell exosomes induce apoptosis and suppress EMT signaling in cervical cancer cells as an effective drug carrier system of paclitaxel. PLoS One. 2022;17(9):e0274607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274607. google scholar
• Wang X, Gao S, Song L, Liu M, Sun Z, Liu J. Astragaloside IV antagonizes M2 phenotype macrophage polarization-evoked ovarian cancer cell malignant progression by suppressing the HMGB1-TLR4 axis. MolImmunol. 2021;130:113-121. google scholar
• Qi L-W, Yu Q-T, Yi L, et al. Simultaneous determination of 15 marker constituents in various Radix Astragali preparations by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatogra-phy. J Sep Sci. 2008;31(1):97-106. google scholar
• Qi F, Zhao L, Zhou A, et al. The advantages of using traditional Chinese medicine as an adjunctive therapy in the whole course of cancer treatment instead of only terminal stage of cancer. Biosci Trends. 2015;9(1):16-34. google scholar
• Tao F, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. The role of herbal bioac-tive components in mitochondria function and cancer ther-apy. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2019;2019:3868354. doi:10.1155/2019/3868354 google scholar
• Jiang Z, Mao Z. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) alleviates the malig-nant biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma via Wnt/8-catenin signaling pathway. RSC Adv. 2019;9(61):35473-35482. google scholar
• Liu F, Ran F, HeH, Chen L. Astragaloside IV exerts anti-tumor ef-fect on murine colorectal cancer by re-educating tumor-associated macrophage. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2020;68(6):33. doi:10.1007/s00005-020-00598-y google scholar
• Gui D, Guo Y, Wang F, et al. Astragaloside IV, a novel antioxidant, prevents glucose-ınduced podocyte apop-tosis in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39824. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039824. google scholar
• Ji C, Luo Y, Zou C, Huang L, Tian R, Lu Z. Effect of astragaloside IV on indoxyl sulfate-induced kidney injury in mice via attenua-tion of oxidative stress. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018;19(1):53. doi:10.1186/s40360-018-0241-2 google scholar
• Wang H, Zhuang Z, Huang YY, et al. Protective effect and possible mechanisms of astragaloside IV in animal models of diabetic nephropathy: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:988. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00988 google scholar
• Yao M, Zhang L, Wang L. Astragaloside IV: A promising natural neuroprotective agent for neurologi-cal disorders. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;159:114229.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114229 google scholar
• Tan YQ, Chen HW, Li J. Astragaloside IV: An effective drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020;14:3731-3746. google scholar
• Xia C, He Z, Cai Y. Quantitative proteomics analysis of differ-entially expressed proteins induced by astragaloside IV in cer-vical cancer cell invasion. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2020;25(1):25. doi:10.1186/s11658-020-00218-9 google scholar
• Zhang L, Zhou J, Qin X, Huang H, Nie C. Astragaloside IV inhibits the invasion and metastasis of SiHa cervical cancer cells via the TGF-31-mediated PI3K and MAPK pathways. Oncol Rep. 2019;41(5):2975-2986. google scholar
• He C-S, Liu Y-C, Xu Z-P, Dai P-C, Chen X-W, Jin D-H. As-tragaloside IV enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells through inhibition of B7-H3. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;40(5):1221-1229. google scholar
• Li L, Li G, Chen M, Cai R. Astragaloside IV enhances the sensi-bility of lung adenocarcinoma cells to bevacizumab by inhibiting autophagy. Drug Dev Res. 2022;83(2):461-469. google scholar
• Qu X, Gao H, Zhai J, et al. Astragaloside IV enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing MRP2. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2020;148:105325. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105325 google scholar
• Wang S, Mou J, Cui L, Wang X, Zhang Z. Astragaloside IV inhibits cell proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines through down-regulation of B7-H3. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;102:1037-1044. google scholar
• Hu S, Zheng W, Jin L. Astragaloside IV inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer via promoting the long noncoding RNA TRHDE-AS1. J Nat Med. 2021;75(1):156-166. google scholar
• Han J, Shen X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhou L. Astragaloside IV suppresses transforming growth factor-31-induced epithe-lial-mesenchymal transition through inhibition of Wnt/3-catenin pathway in glioma U251 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020;84(7):1345-1352 google scholar
• Liu W, Chen H, Wang D. Protective role of astragaloside IV in gastric cancer through regulation of microRNA-195-5p-mediated PD-L1. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021;43(4):443-451. google scholar
• He Y, Zhang Q, Chen H, et al. Astragaloside IV enhanced carbo-platin sensitivity in prostate cancer by suppressing AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol. 2020;99(2):214-222. google scholar
• Wang J, Zhou Y, Wu S, et al. Astragaloside IV attenuated 3,4-benzopyrene-ınduced abdominal aortic aneurysm by amelio-rating macrophage-mediated inflammation . Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:496. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00496 google scholar
• Hu T, Fei Z, Wei N. Chemosensitive effects of Astragaloside IV in osteosarcoma cells via induction of apoptosis and regulation of caspase-dependent Fas/FasL signaling. Pharmacol Reports.2017;69(6):1159-1164. google scholar
• Zhao Y, Wang L, Wang Y, et al. Astragaloside IV inhibits cell proliferation in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma through the TGF-^3/Smad signaling pathway. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(4):e12802. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.12802 google scholar
• Zhang Q, Zhu L-L, Chen G-G, Du Y. Pharmacokinetics of astra-galoside IV in beagle dogs. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2007;32(2):75-79. google scholar
• Huang CR, Wang GJ, Wu XL, et al. Absorption enhancement study of astragaloside IV based on its transport mechanism in Caco-2 cells. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2006;31(1):5-10. google scholar
• Rogers C, Alnemri E. Gasdermins in apoptosis: New players in an old game. Yale J Biol Med. 2019;92:603-617. google scholar
• Tang C, Zhao C-C, Yi H, et al. Traditional Tibetan Medicine in cancer therapy by targeting apoptosis pathways. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:976. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00976 google scholar
• Yip KW, Reed JC. Bcl-2 family proteins and cancer. Oncogene. 2008;27(50):6398-6406. google scholar
• Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, Kamalidehghan B, et al. Involvement of NF-k B and Bcl2/Bax signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MCF7 cells induced by a xanthone compound pyranocycloarto-biloxanthone A. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(11):1007-1015. google scholar
• Khodapasand E, Jafarzadeh N, Farrokhi F, Kamalidehghan B, Houshmand M. Is Bax/Bcl-2 ratio considered as a prognostic marker with age and tumor location in colorectal cancer? Iran Biomed J. 2015;19:69-75. google scholar
• Hector S, Prehn JHM. Apoptosis signaling proteins as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: A review. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Reviews Cancer. 2009;1795(2):117-129. google scholar
• Gangadhar T, Nandi S, Salgia R. The role of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;9(6):409-416. google scholar
• Xu C, Zhao H, Chen H, Yao Q. CXCR4 in breast cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:4953-4964. google scholar
• Zhao H, Guo L, Zhao H, Zhao J, Weng H, Zhao B. CXCR4 over-expression and survival in cancer: A system review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2015;6(7):5022-5040. google scholar
• Balkwill F. The significance of cancer cell expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Semin Cancer Biol. 2004;14(3):171-179. google scholar
• Ghosh MC, Makena PS, Gorantla V, Sinclair SE, Waters CM. CXCR4 regulates migration of lung alveolar epithelial cells through activation of Rac1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Am J Physiol Cell Mol Physiol. 2012;302(9):L846-L856. google scholar
• Huang Y-C, Hsiao Y-C, Chen Y-J, Wei Y-Y, Lai T-H, Tang C-H. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 enhances motility and inte-grin up-regulation through CXCR4, ERK and NF-kB-dependent pathway in human lung cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;74(12):1702-1712. google scholar
• Phillips RJ, Burdick MD, Lutz M, Belperio JA, Keane MP, Strieter RM. The stromal derived factor-1/CXCL12-CXC chemokine re-ceptor 4 biological axis in non-small cell lung cancer metastases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167(12):1676-1686. google scholar
• Müller A, Homey B, Soto H, et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis. Nature. 2001;410(6824):50-56. google scholar
• Abas BI, Büyükkarıncali N, Cevik O. IRF5 inhibits prostate cancer metastasis and drug resistance by decreasing CXCR4/CXCL12 complex. Cukurova Med J. 2021;46(4):1632-1639. google scholar
• Zhou W, Guo S, Liu M, Burow M, Wang G. Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in tumor immunotherapy. Curr Med Chem. 2017;24. doi:10.2174/0929867324666170830111531 google scholar
• Su L, Zhang J, Xu H, et al. Differential expression of CXCR4 is associated with the metastatic potential of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Clin cancer Res. 2005;11(23):8273-8280. google scholar
• Wagner PL, Hyjek E, Vazquez MF, et al. CXCL12 and CXCR4 in adenocarcinoma of the lung: association with metastasis and survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137(3):615-621. google scholar
• Wang M, Chen GY, Song HT, Hong X, Yang ZY, Sui GJ. Sig-nificance of CXCR4, phosphorylated STAT3 and VEGF-A ex-pression in resected non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Ther Med. 2011;2(3):517-522. google scholar
• Cai X, Chen Z, Pan X, et al. Inhibition of angiogenesis, fibrosis and thrombosis by tetramethylpyrazine: mechanisms contribut-ing to the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88176. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088176 google scholar
• Onoue T, Uchida D, Begum NM, Tomizuka Y, Yoshida H, Sato M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 system in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. IntJ Oncol. 2006;29(5):1133-1138. google scholar
• Bertolini G, D’Amico L, Moro M, et al. Microenvironment-modulated metastatic CD133+/CXCR4+/EpCAM lung can-cer-initiating cells sustain tumor dissemination and correlate with poor prognosis. Cancer Res. 2015;75(17):3636-3649. google scholar

Citations