Research Article


DOI :10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014   IUP :10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014    Full Text (PDF)

Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey

Fikriye Dilan SaatoğluMelis Denizci ÖncüHasan EmirTaner HatipoğluSinan Can AcanTolga Kankılıçİnci ToganEvren Koban Bastanlar

Objective: The genetic diversity parameters for gazelle populations sampled in Turkey were estimated to assess the effects of captive breeding on the populations’ gene pools and effective population sizes. Materials and Methods: Four individuals from a recently discovered Gazella gazella population in Hatay and two captive gazelle populations were sampled (the Kızılkuyu State Farm (n=48) and the Erikçe State Farm (n=25)) and analyzed using nuclear DNA, mtDNA and Y-chromosome markers. Results: The mtDNA cyt-b partial sequence analysis assigned the Erikçe and Kızılkuyu samples to Gazella marica. The structure analysis differentiated significantly between them, and revealed samples originating from wild population. Both, the Y-chromosome INRA126 locus sequences of Gazella gazella and Gazella marica males and the mtDNA partial cyt-b region RFLP analysis from all the samples distinguished the two gazelle species from each other. Based on microsatellites, the estimated effective population sizes were 9.7, 8.9 and 6.4 for the Kızılkuyu, Erikçe and Hatay populations, respectively. When the Kızılkuyu and Erikçe populations (where severe inbreeding depressions seems to be occurring already) were pooled, the estimated Ne was 24.5. All these estimates were too small for the sustainability of either individual or pooled populations in the wild or even in captivity. Conclusion: The markers used in the study provided information on two of the gazelle species (Gazella marica, and Gazella gazella): their species identity, degree of divergences, effective population sizes and the presence of admixture within the populations. These results turned out to be invaluable in terms of their contribution to future studies for the conservation of these species.

PDF View

References

  • 1. Groves CP, Grubb P. Ungulate taxonomy. Baltimore, Md.: JHUP; 2011. google scholar
  • 2. Lerp H, Wronski T, Plath M, Schröter A, Pfenninger M. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses suggest a potential species boundary between Mountain (Gazella gazella) and Arabian Gazelles (Gazella arabica) in the Levant. Mamm Biol 2013; 78(5): 383-86. google scholar
  • 3. Mallon DP. Gazella subgutturosa. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2; 2008. google scholar
  • 4. Kasparek M. On the historical distribution and present situation of gazelles, Gazella ssp., in Turkey. Zool Middle East 1986; 1: 11-5. google scholar
  • 5. Kumerloeve, H. Die Säugetiere (Mammalia) Syriens und des Libanon. Spixiana 1975b; 18, 159-225. google scholar
  • 6. Kumerloeve, H. Bemerkungen zum Gazellen Vorkommen im südöstlichen Kleinasien. Z. Saugetierkd. 1969; 34, 113-20. google scholar
  • 7. Kumerloeve, H. Die Säugetiere (Mammalia) der Türkei. Spixiana 1975a; 18, 69-158. google scholar
  • 8. Turan N. Game and wildlife of Turkey mammals. Ongun Kardeşler Matbaacılık Sanayii, Turkey; 1984. 9. Tez C, Akalın H, Erkekkardeş M. Additional karyological data on goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa, from Turkey. Arch Biol Sci 2009; 61(1):45-8. google scholar
  • 10. Durmuş M. Determination of home range size and habitat selection of gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) by GPS Telemetry in Şanlıurfa. Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, MSc Thesis. 2010. google scholar
  • 11. Kumerloeve H. Zur Verbreitung kleinasiatischer Raub- und Huftiere sowie einiger Großnager. Säugetierkd Mitt 1967; 15: 337-409. google scholar
  • 12. Turan N. Report on the protection and restoration of gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey. Turkish Department of GameWildlife: 7; 1977. google scholar
  • 13. Ölçer SY. Chapter 20: Turkey. Mallon DP, Kingswood SC, compilers. Antelopes Part 4: North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia Global survey and regional action plans SSC Antelope Specialist Group IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK; 2001. p.112-13. google scholar
  • 14. Çobanoğlu AE. Identification Of Demographic Structure and Population Viability Analysis of Gazella subgutturosa in Şanlıurfa. Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, MSc Thesis. 2010. google scholar
  • 15. Kankılıç T, Özüt D, Gürler Ş, Kence M, Bozkaya F, Kence A. Rediscovery of a new mountain gazelle population and clarification of taxonomic status of the genus Gazella in Turkey using mtDNA sequencing. Folia Zool 2012; 61(2): 129-37. google scholar
  • 16. Wronski T, Sandouka M. Plath M, Cunningham P. Differences in sexual dimorphism among four gazelle taxa (Gazella spp.) in the Middle East. Anim Biol 2010; (60) 395-412. google scholar
  • 17. Hammond RL, Macasero W, Flores B, Mohammed OB, Wacher T, Bruford MW. Phylogenetic Reanalysis of the Saudi Gazelle and Its Implications for Conservation. Conserv. Biol. 2001; 15:1123-33. google scholar
  • 18. Wacher T, Wronski T, Hammond RL, Winney B, Blacket MJ, Hundertmark KJ, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Conserv Genet 2011; 12:827-31. google scholar
  • 19. Wronski T, Wacher T, Hammond RL, Winney B, Hundertmark KJ, Blacket MJ, et. al. Two reciprocally monophyletic mtDNA lineages elucidate the taxonomic status of Mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella), Syst Biodivers 2010; 8(1): 119-29. google scholar
  • 20. Lerp H, Wronski T, Pfenninger M, Plath M. A phylogeographic framework for the conservation of Saharan and Arabian Dorcas gazelles (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Org Divers Evol 2011; 11(4): 31729. google scholar
  • 21. Groves CP, Harrison DL. The taxonomy of the gazelles (genus Gazella) of Arabia. J Zool London 1967; 152:381-7. 22. Groves CP. On the smaller gazelles of the Genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Z. Saugetierkd. 1969; 37:38-60. google scholar
  • 23. Lerp H, Wronski T, Butynski T, Plath M. Speciation of Arabian gazelles. In: Michalak P (ed.) Speciation: Natural Processes, Genetics and Biodiversity. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY pp. 59-82; 2013. google scholar
  • 24. Oğurlu I. Wild ungulates of Turkey. Ongulés/Ungulates 1992; 91:575-7. google scholar
  • 25. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Vol. 3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, USA; 1989. google scholar
  • 26. Winnepenninckx B, Backeljau T, de Wachter R. Extraction of high molecular weight DNA from molluscs. Trends in Genet 1993; 9 (12): 407. google scholar
  • 27. Wilson GA, Strobeck C, Wu L, Coffin JW. Characterization of microsatellite loci in caribou Ranginfer tarandus, and their use in other artiodactyls. Mol Ecol 1997; 6: 697-9. 28. Toldo S, Fries SR, Steffen P, Neibergs HL, Barendse W. Physically mapped cosmid-derived microsatellite markers as anchor loci on the bovine chromosome. Mamm Genome 1993; 4:720-7. google scholar
  • 29. Buchanan FC and Crawford AM. Ovine microsatellites at the OarFCB11, OarFCB128, OarFCB193, OarFCB266 and OARFCB304 loci. Anim Genet 1993; 24: 145. google scholar
  • 30. Mommens GW, Coppieters A. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the bovine MM12E6 and MM8D3 loci. Anim Genet 1994; 25: 368. google scholar
  • 31. Bishop MD, Kappes SM. A genetic linkage map for cattle. Genetics 1994; 136:619-39. google scholar
  • 32. Kappes SM, Keele JW, Stone RT, McGraw RA, Sonstegard TS, Smith TP, et. al. A second-generation linkage map of the bovine genome. Genome Res 1997; 7(3): 235-49. google scholar
  • 33. Vaiman D, Mercier D. A set of 99 cattle microsatellites: characterisation, synteny mapping, and polymorphism. Mamm Genome 1994; 5:288-97. google scholar
  • 34. Mezzelani A, Zhang Y, Redaelli L, Castiglioni B, Leone P, Williams JL, et. al. Chromosomal localization and molecular characterization of 53 cosmid-derived bovine microsatellites. Mamm Genome 1995; 6(9): 62935. google scholar
  • 35. Steffen P, Eggen A. Isolation and mapping of polymorphic microsatellites in cattle. Anim Genet 1993; 24: 121-4. google scholar
  • 36. Saitbekova N, Gaillard C, Obexer-Ruff G, Dolf G. Genetic diversity in Swiss goat breeds based on microsatellite analysis. Anim Genet 1999; 30 (1): 36-41. google scholar
  • 37. Georges M, Massey J. Polymorphic DNA markers in Bovidae. J World Intellect Prop Publ No 92:13120, 1992 google scholar
  • 38. Kemp SJ, Brezinsky L, Teale AJ. ILSTS002: a polymorphic bovine microsatellite. Anim Genet 1992; 23: 184. google scholar
  • 39. Moore SS, Byrne K. Characterisation of 65 bovine microsatellites. Mamm Genome 1994; 5: 84-90. google scholar
  • 40. Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley PF. MicroChecker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol Ecol Notes 2004; 4:535-8. google scholar
  • 41. Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S. ARLEQUIN version 3.01: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. University of Bern, Institute of Zoology, Switzerland. Available from http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3 2006. google scholar
  • 42. Goudet J (2001) FSTAT, A Program to Estimate and Test Gene Diversities and Fixation Indices, Version 2.9.3. http://www.unil.ch/ izea/softwares/fstat.html google scholar
  • 43. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. Biometry (3rd edn). WH Freman and company: New York; 1995. google scholar
  • 44. Kalinowski ST, Taper ML, Marshall TC. Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. Mol Ecol 2007; 16(5): 1099-106. google scholar
  • 45. Wright S. The Interpretation of Population Structure by F-Statistics with Special Regard to Systems of Mating. Evolution (N Y) 1965; 19(3):395-420. google scholar
  • 46. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 2000; 155:94559. google scholar
  • 47. Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:2611-20. google scholar
  • 48. Tapio M, Ozerov M, Tapio I, Toro M, Marzanov N, Cinkulov M, et. al. Microsatellite-based genetic diversity and population structure of domestic sheep in northern Eurasia. BMC Genetics 2010; 11:76. google scholar
  • 49. Jakobsson M, Rosenberg NA. CLUMPP: a cluster matching and permutation program for dealing with label switching and multimodality in analysis of population structure. Bioinformatics 2007; 23: 1801-6. google scholar
  • 50. Rosenberg NA. DISTRUCT: a program for the graphical display of population structure. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2004; 4: 137-8. google scholar
  • 51. Do C, Waples RS, Peel D, Macbeth GM, Tillett BJ, Ovenden JR. Ne Estimator V2: re-implementation of software for the estimation of contemporary effective population size (Ne) from genetic data. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14(1): 209-14. google scholar
  • 52. Kocher TD, Thomas WK, Meyer A, Edwards SV, Pääbo S, Villablancha FX, et. al. Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification with conserved primers. PNAS USA 1989; 86: 6196200. google scholar
  • 53. Irwin D, Kocher T, Wilson A. Evolution of the cytochrome-b gene of mammals. J Mol Evol 1991; 32: 128-44. google scholar
  • 54. Hall TA (2013) BioEdit v 7.2. 3. Biological sequence alignment editor for Win 95/98/NT/2K/XP7. google scholar
  • 55. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol and Evol 2013; 30(12): 2725-9. google scholar
  • 56. Liu WS, Mariani P, Beattie CW, Alexander LJ, De León FAP. A radiation hybrid map for the bovine Y Chromosome. Mamm Genome 2002; 13(6): 320-6. google scholar
  • 57. Wright S. Vol. 4: Variability within and among natural populations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press; 1978. google scholar
  • 58. Hassanin A, Douzery EJ. The tribal radiation of the family Bovidae (Artiodactyla) and the evolution of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Mol Phylogenet Evol 1999; 13(2): 227-43. google scholar
  • 59. Murtskhvaladze M, Gurielidze Z, Kopaliani N, Tarkhnishvili D. Gene introgression between Gazella subgutturosa and G. marica: limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes. Acta Theriol 2012; 57: 383-6. google scholar
  • 60. Lerp, H., Wronski, T., Plath, M., Schröter, A., & Pfenninger, M. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses suggest a potential species boundary between Mountain (Gazella gazella) and Arabian Gazelles (Gazella arabica) in the Levant. Mamm Biol 2013b; 78(5): 383-86. google scholar
  • 61. Hanotte O, Okomo M, Verjee Y, Rege JEO, Teale A. A polymorphic Y chromosome microsatellite locus in cattle. Anim Genet 1997; 28(4): 318-9. google scholar
  • 62. Edwards CJ, Dolf G, Looft C, Loftus RT, Bradley DG. Relationships between the endangered Pustertaler-Sprinzen and three related European cattle breeds as analysed with 20 microsatellite loci. Anim Genet 2000; 31: 329-32. google scholar
  • 63. Zachos FE, Karami M, Ibenouazi Z, Hartl GB, Eckert I, Kirschning J. First genetic analysis of a free-living population of the threatened goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Mamm Biol 2010; 5:27782. google scholar
  • 64. Ruiz-Lopez MJ, Roldan ER, Espeso G, Gomendio M. Pedigrees and microsatellites among endangered ungulates: what do they tell us? Mol Ecol 2009; 18(7): 1352-64. google scholar
  • 65. Lerp H, Plath M, Wronski T, Bärmann EV, Malczyk A, Resch RR, et al. Utility of island populations in re-introduction programmesrelationships between Arabian gazelles (Gazella arabica) from the Farasan Archipelago and endangered mainland populations. Mol Ecol 2014; 23(8): 1910-22. google scholar
  • 66. Hadas L, Hermon D, Boldo A, Arieli G, Gafny R, King R, et. al. Wild Gazelles of the Southern Levant: genetic profiling defines new conservation priorities. PloS One 2015; 10(3). google scholar
  • 67. Duo H, Na L, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Li D. Genetic diversity of Przewalski’s gazelle using noninvasive DNA and its implications for conservation. AJB 2015; 14(13): 1107-13. google scholar
  • 68. Okada A, Ito TY, Buuveibaatar B, Lhagvasuren B, Tsunekawa A Genetic structure in Mongolian gazelles based on mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. Mamm Biol 2015; 80(15): 303-11 google scholar
  • 69. Arif IA, Khan HA, Shobrak M, Homaidan AAA, Sadoon MA, Farhan AHA. Measuring the genetic diversity of Arabian Oryx using microsatellite markers: implication for captive breeding. Genes Genet Syst. 2010; 85(2): 141-5. google scholar
  • 70. Hildebrand CE, David C, Torney C, Wagner P. Informativeness of polymorphic DNA markers. The Human Genome Project: deciphering the blueprint of heredity. University Science Books, CA, USA,; 1994. p 100-2. google scholar
  • 71. Franklin IR. Evolutionary change in small populations. Soulé ME and Wilcox BA, editors. Conservation Biology: an evolutionaryacological perspective, Sunderland: Sinauer; 1980. p 135-50. google scholar
  • 72. Soulé ME. Thresholds for survival: maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential, in Conservation Biology: An EvolutionaryEcological Perspective, M. E. Soule and A. Wilcox, Eds.,Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, UK, 1980 p. 151-69 google scholar
  • 73. Fischer MS and Schliemann H. Volume VIII Mammalia. founded by Kükenthal W, edited by Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas W de Gruyter. Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology: Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom, Berlin; 2005. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Saatoğlu, F.D., Denizci Öncü, M., Emir, H., Hatipoğlu, T., Acan, S.C., Kankılıç, T., Togan, İ., & Koban Bastanlar, E. (2019). Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey. European Journal of Biology, 78(2), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014


AMA

Saatoğlu F D, Denizci Öncü M, Emir H, Hatipoğlu T, Acan S C, Kankılıç T, Togan İ, Koban Bastanlar E. Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey. European Journal of Biology. 2019;78(2):89-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014


ABNT

Saatoğlu, F.D.; Denizci Öncü, M.; Emir, H.; Hatipoğlu, T.; Acan, S.C.; Kankılıç, T.; Togan, İ.; Koban Bastanlar, E. Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey. European Journal of Biology, [Publisher Location], v. 78, n. 2, p. 89-103, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Saatoğlu, Fikriye Dilan, and Melis Denizci Öncü and Hasan Emir and Taner Hatipoğlu and Sinan Can Acan and Tolga Kankılıç and İnci Togan and Evren Koban Bastanlar. 2019. “Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey.” European Journal of Biology 78, no. 2: 89-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014


Chicago: Humanities Style

Saatoğlu, Fikriye Dilan, and Melis Denizci Öncü and Hasan Emir and Taner Hatipoğlu and Sinan Can Acan and Tolga Kankılıç and İnci Togan and Evren Koban Bastanlar. Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey.” European Journal of Biology 78, no. 2 (Nov. 2024): 89-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014


Harvard: Australian Style

Saatoğlu, FD & Denizci Öncü, M & Emir, H & Hatipoğlu, T & Acan, SC & Kankılıç, T & Togan, İ & Koban Bastanlar, E 2019, 'Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey', European Journal of Biology, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 89-103, viewed 22 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Saatoğlu, F.D. and Denizci Öncü, M. and Emir, H. and Hatipoğlu, T. and Acan, S.C. and Kankılıç, T. and Togan, İ. and Koban Bastanlar, E. (2019) ‘Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey’, European Journal of Biology, 78(2), pp. 89-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014 (22 Nov. 2024).


MLA

Saatoğlu, Fikriye Dilan, and Melis Denizci Öncü and Hasan Emir and Taner Hatipoğlu and Sinan Can Acan and Tolga Kankılıç and İnci Togan and Evren Koban Bastanlar. Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey.” European Journal of Biology, vol. 78, no. 2, 2019, pp. 89-103. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014


Vancouver

Saatoğlu FD, Denizci Öncü M, Emir H, Hatipoğlu T, Acan SC, Kankılıç T, Togan İ, Koban Bastanlar E. Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey. European Journal of Biology [Internet]. 22 Nov. 2024 [cited 22 Nov. 2024];78(2):89-103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014 doi: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014


ISNAD

Saatoğlu, FikriyeDilan - Denizci Öncü, Melis - Emir, Hasan - Hatipoğlu, Taner - Acan, SinanCan - Kankılıç, Tolga - Togan, İnci - Koban Bastanlar, Evren. Genetic Diversity of Gazelles (Gazella marica and Gazella gazella) in Southeast Turkey: A Special Emphasis on Ongoing Conservation Studies of Gazella marica in Turkey”. European Journal of Biology 78/2 (Nov. 2024): 89-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0014



TIMELINE


Submitted24.06.2019
Accepted01.07.2019
Published Online06.12.2019

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.