Research Article


DOI :10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005   IUP :10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005    Full Text (PDF)

Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.

Nihal Gören SağlamKevser DuygunGülay KayaFiliz Vardar

Objective: Germination and senescence are the two most important developmental processes in the plant life cycle. While seed germination is an important physiological event for the continuity of species, leaf senescence is also an important developmental process that impacts crop yields. Karrikins are a group of plant growth regulators found in the smoke generated by burning plant material. It has been suggested that karrikinolide (KAR1) is generally the most active karrikin in terms of stimulating germination. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of karrikinolide on germination and leaf segment senescence in wheat was investigated. For this purpose, control, 1 nM, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM KAR1 solutions were used. Firstly, the wheat seeds were germinated in the dark in these solutions and germination percentages and root lengths were measured. Secondly, 4 of first leaf segments (3cm. each) from 10-day-old wheat seedlings were placed in petri dishes containing 1, 10, 100 μM KAR1 and distilled water as a control. Following incubation, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, cell death amounts and total protein amounts were determined. Results: The obtained data shows that 1 μM KAR1 promotes germination and root length to the greatest extent. This suggests that karrikins have a promoting effect on the germination of wheat seeds. Our results demonstrate that KAR1 has no effect on leaf segment senescence. Conclusion: Our study suggests that KAR1 has the potential to be used in agriculture to improve germination and seedling growth of crop species.

PDF View

References

  • 1. Yuan K, Wysocka-Diller J. Phytohormone signalling pathways interact with sugars during seed germination and seedling development. J Exp Bot 2006; 57(12):3359-67. google scholar
  • 2. Merai, Z, Graeber K, Wilhelmsson P, Ullrich KK, Arshad W, Grosche C et al., A novel model plant to study the light control of seed germination. J Exp Bot 2019; erz146, doi:10.1093/jxb/erz146 google scholar
  • 3. Koornneef M, Bentsink L, Hilhorst H. Seed dormancy and germination. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2002; 5(1):33-6. google scholar
  • 4. Penfield S. Seed dormancy and germination. Curr Biol 2017; 27(17):R874-78. google scholar
  • 5. Kępczyński J. Induction of agricultural weed seed germination by smoke and smoke-derived karrikin (KAR 1), with a particular reference to Avena fatua L. Acta Physiol Plant 2018; 40(5):87-97. google scholar
  • 6. Flematti GR, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Trengove RD. A compound from smoke that promotes seed germination. Science 2004; 305(5686):977-77. google scholar
  • 7. Light ME, Daws MI, Van Staden J. Smoke-derived butenolide: towards understanding its biological effects. S Afr J Bot 2009; 75(1):1-7. google scholar
  • 8. Flematti GR, Dixon KW, Smith SM. What are karrikins and how were they ‘discovered’by plants? BMC Biol 2015; 13(1):108-12. google scholar
  • 9. Flematti GR, Merritt DJ, Piggott MJ, Trengove RD, Smith SM, Dixon KW, Ghisalberti EL. Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination. Nat Commun 2011; 2:360. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1356 google scholar
  • 10. Nelson DC, Flematti GR, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Smith SM. Regulation of seed germination and seedling growth by chemical signals from burning vegetation. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2012; 63:107-30. google scholar
  • 11. Reynolds CJ, Long RL, Flematti GR, Cherry H, Turner SR. Karrikins promote germination of physiologically dormant seeds of C hrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed). Weed Res 2014; 54(1):48-57. google scholar
  • 12. Waters MT. From little things big things grow: karrikins and new directions in plant development. Func Plant Biol 2017; 44(4):373-85. google scholar
  • 13. Sharabi-Schwager M, Samach A, Porat R. Overexpression of the CBF2 transcriptional activator in Arabidopsis counteracts hormone activation of leaf senescence. Plant Signaling Behav 2010; 5(3):296-99. google scholar
  • 14. Yamada Y, Furusawa S, Nagasaka S, Shimomura K, Yamaguchi S, Umehara M. Strigolactone signaling regulates rice leaf senescence in response to a phosphate deficiency. Planta 2014; 240(2):399408 google scholar
  • 15. Morris K, Mackerness SAH, Page T, John CF, Murphy AM, Carr JP, Buchanan‐Wollaston V. Salicylic acid has a role in regulating gene expression during leaf senescence. The Plant J 2000; 23(5):677-85. google scholar
  • 16. He Y, Fukushige H, Hildebrand DF, Gan S. Evidence supporting a role of jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis leaf senescence. Plant Physiol 2002; 128(3):876-84. google scholar
  • 17. Lim PO, Nam HG. Aging and senescence of the leaf organ. J Plant Biol 2007; 50(3):291-300. google scholar
  • 18. Jibran R, Hunter DA, Dijkwel PP. Hormonal regulation of leaf senescence through integration of developmental and stress signals. Plant Mol Biol 2013; 82(6):547-61. google scholar
  • 19. Yamada Y, Umehara M. Possible roles of strigolactones during leaf senescence. Plants 2015; 4(3):664-77. google scholar
  • 20. Morffy N, Faure L, Nelson DC. Smoke and hormone mirrors: action and evolution of karrikin and strigolactone signaling. Trends Genet 2016; 32(3):176-88. google scholar
  • 21. Parsons TR, Strickland JDH. Discussion of spectrophotometric determination of marine plant pigments, with revised equation for ascertaining chlorophylls and carotenoids. J Mar Res 1963; 21:155-63. google scholar
  • 22. Guo FQ, Crawford NM. Arabidopsis nitric oxide synthase1 is targeted to mitochondria and protects against oxidative damage and dark-induced senescence. The Plant Cell 2005; 17(12):3436-50. google scholar
  • 23. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-54. google scholar
  • 24. Nelson DC, Flematti GR, Riseborough JA, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Smith SM. Karrikins enhance light responses during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:7095-100. google scholar
  • 25. Light ME, Burger BV, Staerk D, Kohout L, Van Staden J. Butenolides from plant-derived smoke: natural plant-growth regulators with antagonistic actions on seed germination. J Nat Prod 2010; 73(2):267-69. google scholar
  • 26. Nair JJ, Pošta M, Papenfus HB, Munro OQ, Beier P, Van Staden J. Synthesis, X-ray structure determination and germination studies on some smoke-derived karrikins. S Afr J Bot 2014; 91:53-7. google scholar
  • 27. Mousavinik M, Jowkar A, Rahimianboogar A. Positive effects of karrikin on seed germination of three medicinal herbs under drought stress. Iran Agric Res 2016; 35(2):57-64. google scholar
  • 28. Laghmouchi Y, Belmehdi O, Bouyahya A, Senhaji NS, Abrini, J. Effect of temperature, salt stress and pH on seed germination of medicinal plant Origanum compactum. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 2017; 10:156-60. google scholar
  • 29. Zhao Y, Gao J, Kim J, Chen K, Bressan RA, Zhu JK. Control of plant water use by ABA induction of senescence and dormancy: an overlooked lesson from evolution. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58(8):1319-27. google scholar
  • 30. Flematti GR, Goddard-Borger ED, Merritt DJ, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Trengove RD. Preparation of 2 H-furo [2, 3-c] pyran-2one derivatives and evaluation of their germination-promoting activity. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55(6):2189-94. google scholar
  • 31. Çatav ŞS, Küçükakyüz K, Tavşanoğlu Ç, Pausas JG. Effect of firederived chemicals on germination and seedling growth in Mediterranean plant species. Basic Appl Ecol 2018; 30:65-75. google scholar
  • 32. Balazadeh S, Parlitz S, Mueller‐Roeber B, Meyer RC. Natural developmental variations in leaf and plant senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Biol 2008; 10:136-47. google scholar
  • 33. Kitonyo OM, Sadras VO, Zhou Y, Denton MD. Nitrogen supply and sink demand modulate the patterns of leaf senescence in maize. Field Crop Res 2018; 225:92-103. google scholar
  • 34. Maillard A, Diquelou S, Billard V, Laine P, Garnica M, Prudent M, et al. Leaf mineral nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence and modulation by nutrient deficiency. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6: 317-22. google scholar
  • 35. Tamary E, Nevo R, Naveh L, Levin‐Zaidman S, Kiss V, Savidor A, et al. Chlorophyll catabolism precedes changes in chloroplast structure and proteome during leaf senescence. Plant Direct 2019; 3(3): e00127. google scholar
  • 36. Kim J, Woo HR, Nam HG. Toward systems understanding of leaf senescence: an integrated multi-omics perspective on leaf senescence research. Mol Plant 2016; 9(6):813-25. google scholar
  • 37. Ding F, Wang M, Zhang, S. Sedoheptulose-1, 7-bisphosphatase is involved in methyl jasmonate-and dark-induced leaf senescence in tomato plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19(11):3673-80. google scholar
  • 38. Woo HR, Kim HJ, Lim PO, Nam HG. Leaf senescence: Systems and dynamics aspects. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2019; 70:15.1-15.30. google scholar
  • 39. Jan S, Abbas N, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. Roles of potential plant hormones and transcription factors in controlling leaf senescence and drought tolerance. Protoplasma 2019; 256(2):313-29. google scholar
  • 40. Gregersen PL, Culetic A, Boschian L, Krupinska K. Plant senescence and crop productivity. Plant Mol Biol 2013; 82:603-22. google scholar
  • 41. Li X, Ahmad S, Ali A, Guo C, Li H, Yu J, Guo Y. Characterization of somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 4 as a negative regulator of leaf senescence in arabidopsis. Cells 2019; 8(1):50-61. google scholar
  • 42. Lim J, Park JH, Jung S, Hwang D, Nam HG, Hong S. Antagonistic roles of PhyA and PhyB in far-red light-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59(9):1753-64. google scholar
  • 43. Krautler B. Breakdown of chlorophyll in higher plants‐ phyllobilins as abundant, yet hardly visible signs of ripening, senescence, and cell death. Angewandte Chemie 2016; 55:4882-907. google scholar
  • 44. Lim PO, Kim HJ, Nam HG. Leaf Senescence. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2007; 58:115-36. google scholar
  • 45. Kim HJ, Park JH, Kim J, Kim JJ, Hong S, Kim J et al. Time-evolving genetic networks reveal a NAC troika that negatively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. PNAS 2018; 115(21):E4930-39. google scholar
  • 46. Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Guiamet JJ, Tognetti VB, Melzer M, Hajirezaei MR, Carrillo N. Expression of a plastid-targeted flavodoxin decreases chloroplast reactive oxygen species accumulation and delays senescence in aging tobacco leaves. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1039-57. google scholar
  • 47. Blasi ÉA, Buffon G, Rativa AG, Lopes MC, Berger M, Santi L. et al. High infestation levels of Schizotetranychus oryzae severely affects rice metabolism. J Plant Physiol 2017; 219:100-111. google scholar
  • 48. Cheng R, Gong L, Li Z, Liang, YK. Rice BIG gene is required for seedling viability. J Plant Physiol 2019; 232:39-50. google scholar
  • 49. Balazadeh S, Riaño‐Pachón DM, Mueller‐Roeber B. Transcription factors regulating leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Biol 2008; 10: 63-75. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Gören Sağlam, N., Duygun, K., Kaya, G., & Vardar, F. (2019). Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.. European Journal of Biology, 78(2), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005


AMA

Gören Sağlam N, Duygun K, Kaya G, Vardar F. Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.. European Journal of Biology. 2019;78(2):69-74. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005


ABNT

Gören Sağlam, N.; Duygun, K.; Kaya, G.; Vardar, F. Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.. European Journal of Biology, [Publisher Location], v. 78, n. 2, p. 69-74, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Gören Sağlam, Nihal, and Kevser Duygun and Gülay Kaya and Filiz Vardar. 2019. “Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L..” European Journal of Biology 78, no. 2: 69-74. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005


Chicago: Humanities Style

Gören Sağlam, Nihal, and Kevser Duygun and Gülay Kaya and Filiz Vardar. Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L..” European Journal of Biology 78, no. 2 (Apr. 2024): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005


Harvard: Australian Style

Gören Sağlam, N & Duygun, K & Kaya, G & Vardar, F 2019, 'Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.', European Journal of Biology, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 69-74, viewed 23 Apr. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Gören Sağlam, N. and Duygun, K. and Kaya, G. and Vardar, F. (2019) ‘Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.’, European Journal of Biology, 78(2), pp. 69-74. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005 (23 Apr. 2024).


MLA

Gören Sağlam, Nihal, and Kevser Duygun and Gülay Kaya and Filiz Vardar. Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L..” European Journal of Biology, vol. 78, no. 2, 2019, pp. 69-74. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005


Vancouver

Gören Sağlam N, Duygun K, Kaya G, Vardar F. Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.. European Journal of Biology [Internet]. 23 Apr. 2024 [cited 23 Apr. 2024];78(2):69-74. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005 doi: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005


ISNAD

Gören Sağlam, Nihal - Duygun, Kevser - Kaya, Gülay - Vardar, Filiz. Karrikinolide Promotes Seed Germination but Has no Effect on Leaf Segment Senescence in Triticum aestivum L.”. European Journal of Biology 78/2 (Apr. 2024): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2019.0005



TIMELINE


Submitted11.04.2019
Accepted18.07.2019
Published Online06.12.2019

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.