European Journal of Biology

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Research Article


DOI :10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015   IUP :10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015    Full Text (PDF)

The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats

Ahmet Can Hiçyılmaz, Kadriye Akgün Dar

Objective: Migraine is one of the common primary headaches which affects the majority of the population. However, in spite of increasing information on migraine pathophysiology and various researches, the underlying mechanisms of migraine attacks still not completely understood. Statins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effects and they might be a useful drug for curing neurodegenerative disorders. There are several studies suggesting nitric oxide (NO) causes migraine attacks in migraine pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the effects of atorvastatin (AT) which is a member of the statin family, on migraine pathophysiology in ovariectomized female rats in which migraine was stimulated using nitroglycerine (NTG). Materials and Methods: In the study, ovariectomized adult Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into 4 groups; control, NTG, AT, NTG+AT. We examined immunohistochemically inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), β-catenin expression on brain sections and biochemically c-fos, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), β-catenin, calcium-binding protein B (S100B), NO, total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and total oxidant capacity (TOS) levels. Results: Our results showed that AT was immunohistochemically increasing eNOS and nNOS levels, and reducing iNOS. In brain homogenates AT was reducing S100B, CGRP, c-fos, total Nitrite-Nitrate, β-catenin but increasing TAS and TOS. There was no change in MMP-2. Also, our findings showed that AT could inhibit astroglial activity with its anti-inflammatory effect and showed a protective effect towards blood-brain barrier and reduced the risk of possible neurodegenerative diseases in rats with migraine. Conclusion: Our findings showed that AT could inhibit astroglial activity with its anti-inflammatory effect and showed a protective effect towards blood-brain barrier and reduced the risk of possible neurodegenerative diseases in rats with migraine. Our results will provide a significant contribution to studies in this field.
Keywords: Migraine, nitroglycerin, atorvastatin, ovariectomized, rat

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APA

Hiçyılmaz, A.C., & Akgün Dar, K. (2019). The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats. European Journal of Biology, 78(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015


AMA

Hiçyılmaz A C, Akgün Dar K. The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats. European Journal of Biology. 2019;78(1):11-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015


ABNT

Hiçyılmaz, A.C.; Akgün Dar, K. The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats. European Journal of Biology, [Publisher Location], v. 78, n. 1, p. 11-22, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Hiçyılmaz, Ahmet Can, and Kadriye Akgün Dar. 2019. “The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats.” European Journal of Biology 78, no. 1: 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015


Chicago: Humanities Style

Hiçyılmaz, Ahmet Can, and Kadriye Akgün Dar. “The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats.” European Journal of Biology 78, no. 1 (Dec. 2024): 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015


Harvard: Australian Style

Hiçyılmaz, AC & Akgün Dar, K 2019, 'The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats', European Journal of Biology, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 11-22, viewed 19 Dec. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Hiçyılmaz, A.C. and Akgün Dar, K. (2019) ‘The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats’, European Journal of Biology, 78(1), pp. 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015 (19 Dec. 2024).


MLA

Hiçyılmaz, Ahmet Can, and Kadriye Akgün Dar. “The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats.” European Journal of Biology, vol. 78, no. 1, 2019, pp. 11-22. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015


Vancouver

Hiçyılmaz AC, Akgün Dar K. The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats. European Journal of Biology [Internet]. 19 Dec. 2024 [cited 19 Dec. 2024];78(1):11-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015 doi: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015


ISNAD

Hiçyılmaz, AhmetCan - Akgün Dar, Kadriye. “The Effects of Atorvastatin on the Migraine Pathophysiology in Nitroglycerin Induced Migraine in Ovariectomized Rats”. European Journal of Biology 78/1 (Dec. 2024): 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0015



TIMELINE


Submitted08.11.2018
Accepted06.02.2019
Published Online31.05.2019

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