Meryem

Despite the fact that worldview seems like a new concept, it is actually as old as human history. The creation of the first worldviews in humanity coincides with the emergence of evolutionary biology. However, it has only become a subject of scientific and philosophical thought in recent times.1 A worldview becomes possible when the existence of a being is sought and found in the representation of the being. Because such an interpretation of being is impossible, a worldview was unable to be mentioned either in the Middle Ages or in ancient times. Transforming the world into a painting is the hallmark of the New Age.2&nbsp;While some researchers claim the term worldview in philosophy to have been first introduced by Friedrich Schleiermarcher, most researchers defend the term as having been first introduced by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in his work Kritik der Urteilskraft [The Critique of Judgment], published in 1790, Kant defined worldview as an ability that enables the subject to reach a holistic understanding. According to Kant, worldview is an innate mental ability that enables humans to talk about the same world.3&nbsp;Individual, who are believed to be born equipped with cognitive ability, attribute indirect meanings to the world in accordance with the perspective of the language they speak. These accepted meanings available in language reflect the worldview, which is the whole of social values. Therefore, individuals learn to associate language with their life experiences from the moment they are born. For individuals, language is a means of acquiring knowledge. Representing the world, language and culture reach to the individual by being filtered from the depths of social memory. Values, facts, rules, and many other things adopted by society over time are learned and applied to life. The messages of society become meaningful for individuals due to the testimony of the language. In a way, language serves to organize social relations.The concept of connectome, which is defined as “brain connectivity, integrity; neuro-mind,” becomes important when elucidating human individuality, social connectivity, or common behavior in humans.4 A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections, the purpose of which is to elucidate brain function. Connectome means the totality of mental states that an individual can experience. In this sense, “to know something” means to be able to objectify the mental state that represents the corresponding concept.5 Connectome is more than the accumulation of large amounts of empirical data. The structure of the connectome also keeps a record of the organism’s history. Connectivity is shaped by natural selection in evolution and is constantly reshaped by development and experiences. Thus, the connectome reflects the history of both the species and the individual.6&nbsp;According to the connectional completeness approach, the fact that everything is meaningful within the information network in which it exists not only reveals the functioning of the brain but also sheds light on the holistic aspect of the world view. If the worldview is thought of as a tree, parts such as people, language, society, and culture all form the branches and trunk of the tree. The strong information network between each part, from the roots to the leaves, shapes the world view. In this context, ignoring any of the branches of the tree makes getting to the roots of the worldview impossible.In worldview, connectivity occurs through language and culture. Terms such as ideological, political, and individual worldview have reduced the basic meaning of worldview to special meanings; these have not only narrowed its scope but also changed its content. This phenomenon, which first had philosophical and then linguistic, sociological, psychological, and anthropological foundations, can be interpreted differently in line with the developments in the field of social physics. However, a different perspective has not yet been introduced according to modern-day standards. Therefore, although this study takes new developments in natural sciences into account in an attempt to explain the worldview phenomenon, something that has been researched and framed for centuries, the philosophical and linguistic perspectives have been decisive.&nbsp;

Interpreting the Phenomenon of Worldview with the Connectional Completeness Approach

Ferhat

On the Relationship Between General Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness

Necip

Discussions centered on the distinction between humans and animals present themselves as a matter of ontology, ethics, and politics. Acknowledging that the subject at hand has been extensively examined across many disciplines, including psychology and logic, has been vital within several academic disciplines, ranging from mythology and religion to biology and science. To state how this question has been discussed in many contexts from psychology to logic will be useful. This study aims to evaluate how animals have been dealt with within a political framework as seen through the perspective of Plato’s Republic.Plato provided an intriguing narrative in political philosophy through the use of animal analogies. In Plato’s Republic, he generously demonstrated his talent by making interesting analogies. For this reason, Plato undertook resistant questioning by conducting in-depth research on different topics. By employing metaphors, he turned animals into tools of production. Both philosophy and politics can benefit a lot from Plato’s meticulous attention to detail and his insistence that rulers should learn from the biological capacities of animals. One must examine the animal-human relationship philosophically to understand why Plato wanted to develop this connection. Therefore, when looking at animal assessments and inferences before Plato, humans are seen to be similar to animals while also being unique. Although this difference is accepted as having been discussed in the context of the ability to think and that Plato approved of this, why he insistently resorted to animal metaphors is a matter of great curiosity. Plato’s focus on how humans are morally and politically different from animals is directly linked to how useful humans can be to the state. For this reason, while establishing this bond, he was more interested in how humans should be successful in political institutions rather than in seeing animals as superior beings. This approach to Plato’s reasoning is not a method that has been frequently used before and is necessary for analyzing the motivations behind Plato’s work.First of all, Plato should be noted for having criticized the Greek understanding of politics and for understanding that many things needed to be changed permanently. As a philosopher, Plato took action to do his part and tried to determine what kind of qualifications the people who would head the state should have in order for people to be governed justly. Plato contended that those the state employs must possess competence and supported this assertion by drawing upon analogies from the animal world. The metaphor he used in this regard was the horse metaphor. From his perspective, just as what each horse will do is clear, to have each state official be competent in their job and then be assigned to any other task would be inappropriate (Plato, Republic, p. 352e). In addition, this principle must be observed to the fullest, not only in state administration but also in social order, so much so that, while a shoemaker is required to deal only with shoemaking, a farmer must only practice farming as a requirement of his job. If this principle is disrupted, both the state and social order will be disrupted, and people will inevitably fall into moral collapse. Therefore, the reason why Plato resorted to animal metaphors involved a moral, political, and social issue and had a single higher purpose: to ensure and maintain order.&nbsp;While Plato’s aim was for justness in political institution, having people be aware of their talents and use them correctly was also important. The different methods he used in politics inspired many thinkers. When looking at post-Platonic philosophy, analogies to animals should be noted to have increased in political theory. For example, Machiavelli made striking analyses for the theory of the state and can be said to have also made some animal analogies, such as viewing the fox and lion as two animal species that a prince should take as examples. For Machiavelli, simply appearing as a lion or a fox would not be enough, because while lions cannot save themself from the net, foxes don’t know how to protect themself from the wolf. Therefore, to eliminate traps, a prince is required to be influenced by both animals (Machiavelli, The Prince, p. 110). As a result, the subject of political philosophy can be said to involve the desires that people try to put into practice and the uncontrollable desires from among these. Therefore, political theorists have attempted to analyze the issue with analogies using various methods. However, one must note that analogy should not always be evaluated positively. For example, while separating vitality from intelligence is reasonable in the case of dogs, it makes no sense when applied to humans (Rosen, 2005, p. 83). Therefore, while Plato’s animal metaphors work well in some examples, they seem to turn into problems in others.&nbsp;

Animal Metaphors as a Political Production in Plato’s Republic

Baran

This paper contains a partial translation from Ancient Greek into Turkish and analysis of the 2nd, 7th, and 10th Letters of Plato, which have “philosophical” content, aiming to reveal the relationship between these letters and the dialogues. There is a literature gap regarding coherence or incoherence between the letters and the dialogues. Therefore, t at least the parts of these letters considered “philosophical” should be translated into Turkish and their consistency with the dialogues clarified. In this paper, I advocate a significant consistency between the dialogues and the letters that must be explored in-depth. The first part of the paper consists of translating the 2nd, 7th, and 10th Letters from Ancient Greek into Turkish and analyzing the relationship between these letters and the dialogues. Especially when the 2nd, 7th, and 10th Letters and dialogues are examined as a whole, it is clear that Plato tries to explain that which is truth-that which is pseudo distinction consistently. This is essential for Plato, and on the basis of this distinction, distinguishes what he means and does not mean by “philosophia” through his relationship with Dionûsios, the king of Surakousa of the period. Burnyeat ironically declares the 7th Letter “pseudo” by claiming that there is no coherence between it and the dialogues, and that they even contradict each other, without considering this fundamental distinction between that which is truth-that which is pseudo. The second part of the article is a critique of Myles Burnyeat’s article “The pseudo-philosophical digression in Epistle VII,” which posits that the 7th Letter is pseudo.My first argument is that the dialogue texts of the “author” known as Plato, consistent with his letters as a historical figure, are not philosophy itself, in the nature of the practice he calls “philosophia,” but rather texts that attempt to lead the reader to philosophical practice in its various facets. Plato’s dialogues contain orators and interlocutors, where at least two people talk, discuss, and question and answer each other. Therefore, these texts are not philosophical texts as we understand them today and should not be read as such. Dialogues are, of course, written texts; however, that is not the problem. The problem is “how” these texts are written texts. These texts are not composed casually; in contrast, they are written “in this way,” that is, as dialogues, for a specific purpose.&nbsp;This purpose, to put it briefly, consists in trying to test, guide, and lead the reader to philosophical practice itself through the dialogues. More specifically, Plato aims to do what Socrates, who left no written work behind, did. I argue that this is evident from Plato’s own words: “...I have never written about these matters (𝛿𝜄𝛼 𝜏𝛼𝜐𝜏𝛼 o𝜐𝛿𝜀𝜈 𝜋𝜔𝜋o𝜏 𝜀𝛾𝜔 𝜋𝜀𝜌𝜄 𝜏o𝜐𝜏𝜔𝜈 𝛾𝜀𝛾𝜌𝛼𝜑𝛼)” [2nd Letter, 314b] or “...I have not written, nor will I ever write, about these matters (o𝜐𝜅o𝜐𝜈 𝜀𝜇o𝜈 𝛾𝜀 𝜋𝜀𝜌𝜄 𝛼𝜐𝜏𝜔𝜈 𝜀𝜎𝜏𝜄𝜈 𝜎𝜐𝛾𝛾𝜌𝛼𝜇𝜇𝛼 o𝜐𝛿𝜀 𝜇𝜂𝜋o𝜏𝜀 𝛾𝜀𝜈𝜂𝜏𝛼𝜄). For it is not something to be put into words like other learned things (𝜌𝜂𝜏o𝜈 𝛾𝛼𝜌 o𝜐𝛿𝛼𝜇𝜔𝜍 𝜀𝜎𝜏𝜄𝜈 𝜔𝜍 𝛼𝜆𝜆𝛼 𝜇𝛼𝜃𝜂𝜇𝛼𝜏𝛼)” [7th Letter, 341c]. This leading/turning (𝜋𝛼𝜄𝛿𝛼𝛾𝛼𝛾𝜔𝛾𝜄𝛼) appears as 𝜏𝜖 𝜒𝜈𝜂 𝜇𝛼𝜄𝜀𝜐𝜏𝜄𝜅𝜂 [technê maieutikê], that is, “the art/craft of midwifery” in the dialogues. In this article, I first translate and analyze the “philosophical” parts of Plato’s 2nd, 7th, and 10th Letters and then present a critique of Myles Burnyeat’s article “The pseudo-philosophical digression in Epistle VII.

The Relationship Between Plato’s Letters and His Understanding of Philosophia

Murat

An analysis of Blaise Pascal’s conception of power is the goal of this essay. It attempts to read Pascal as a thinker on the “paradox of power” rather than as a philosopher of “politics” [la politique] or “the political [le politique]. Thus, rather than interpreting the “political sphere” with its particular elements, Pascal makes an effort to consider the particular paradoxes surrounding “power”. When placing this essay in the framework of the existing scholarship on Pascal, it takes the stance that puts him in the same family as political thinkers like Tocqueville, Clausewitz, and Machiavelli. It does not rule out the interpretation that regards Pascal as a continuation of Jansenism and St. Augustinianism. However this method is not followed in this essay because the author is the pioneer of an approach that addresses the autonomy of power with its paradoxes. Unlike Descartes, Pascal’s distinction between the order of the will, as the order of the heart, and the order of the flesh, as the order of worldly desires, stands out as a fundamental feature of his thought. Therefore, Cartesian reason does not function rationally on two levels, according to Blaise Pascal, who makes distinctions between various centers of power and various forms of rationality: First, the organization of power cannot be solely based on ideas. Secondly, the imagination not only challenges reason, but it also establishes the foundation upon which reason is built. By defining the boundaries of reason, Pascal not only discovers a modus operandi to make better use of reason, but also demonstrates but also demonstrated the issues raised by trying to apply reason in places where it has no purpose at all. In this particular situation, the field of effects generates reasons of its own and cannot be grasped through the lenses of reason. In any potential conflict between an interest and an idea, the interest always holds the upper hand. An organized power cannot acquire legitimacy if it does not first establish a legitimate connection. For this reason, each power generates its own ideas, feelings and beliefs. Only the sword bestows a true right, according to Pascal. Consequently, justice is the appearance of the force that uses the sword to claim its right. Pascal’s philosophy provides two crucial perspectives on power to consider: First, power offers its own reasoning; it is not irrational in the face of reason. Second, power can be viewed autonomously within the contexts of power, imagination, and concupiscence management thanks to this rationality. In this context, is it possible for there to exist a worldview that the monarch cannot completely dominate? Does a fragmented notion of power result from the autonomization of public opinion and the diversity of opinions? Is the quest for emancipation in vain as well? Is it possible to see equality and rightful resistance as rights? These inquiries actually aid in locating Pascal within the field of political philosophy. Some political philosophers throughout history have derived their philosophical theories on the notion that alienation may be overcome in order to achieve freedom. Jean-Jacques Rousseau is an example of this trend. A second trend is to concentrate more on administration and management. This category can include theorists like Montesquieu and Tocqueville. The relationships between power and dominance inside the autonomous domain of power itself are the subject of a third tendency. Pascal is a member of this third category. Regarding the distinctions between theories that consider how political law and existing systems of power operate within their own internal logic, Pascal neither suggests how normative functioning should be done nor suggests. Concepts of emancipation and collective liberation frequently provide a different safe haven from the realm of power. Thus, Pascal’s idea can both treat the illness of “politicization” (also known as “childishness”) away from power and satisfy the withdrawal and political hopelessness of the libertines of the 17th century. Pascal has previously declared that no one is waiting to be saved on the platform of power and that the picture of salvation is merely a weaker representation of helplessness or an increasingly strong representation of acquired strength.

Blaise Pascal as Thinker of Power: Force, Imagination and Concupiscence

Physics, Philosophy, and the Nature of Reality

Cengiz

Prof. Dr.

CALL FOR PAPERS

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

Arif

Hegel in Jena: Dialectics of Time

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Muhsin

Prof.

Art as a Procedure of Signification

Zeynep

Assist. Prof.

From the Logos of the Natural World to the Logos of the Aesthetical World: Cézanne’s Listening Eyes

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Güncel

Art As A Relational “World” and The Deterioration of The Object in The New Aesthetic Experience

Adnan

The Meaning of Life as a Work of Art

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Archives of Philosophy - Felsefe Arkivi has been the scholarly publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Philosophy since 1945. It is an open access, peer-reviewed, journal published two times a year in June and December. As of 2024, the print version has been stopped. The journal has become an online-only publication.

Archives of Philosophy - Felsefe Arkivi aims to contribute to dissemination of knowledge in the field by publishing original research, translation and book review articles in Turkish, English, German and French.

Archives of Philosophy - Felsefe Arkivi has a scope that covers all areas of philosophy. The target group of the Journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies and institutions.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

ERIH PLUS

TR Dizin

DOAJ

SOBIAD

The Philosopher’s Index

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Archives of Philosophy

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Editorial Management Board Member

Editorial Assistant

English Language Editor

Publicity Manager

Editorial Board Member

Advisory Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

Archives of Philosophy - Felsefe Arkivi has been the scholarly publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Philosophy since 1945. It is an open access, peer-reviewed, journal published two times a year in June and December.Archives of Philosophy - Felsefe Arkivi aims to contribute to dissemination of knowledge in the field by publishing original research, translation and book review articles in Turkish, English, German and French.Archives of Philosophy - Felsefe Arkivi has a scope that covers all areas of philosophy. The target group of the Journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies and institutions.And French.

Aim & Scope

DOAJSOBİADThe Philosopher’s Index<a href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus/periodical/info?id=502891" target="_blank" style="font-size: 14px;">Erih Plus</a><a href="https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/journal/detail/3621/felsefe-arkivi" target="_blank">TR Index</a>

Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

<div style="text-align: left;">Archives of Philosophy – Felsefe Arkivi is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a></div>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Archives of Philosophy – Felsefe Arkivi adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.- Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.- The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.- The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.- Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.- Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.- The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.- In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.- If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.- In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/45E23644BDEE41E09BB14937398BF28A" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe journal accepts articles in Turkish, English, German and French.Manuscript Organization and FormatAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="http://felsefearkivi.istanbul.edu.tr" target="_blank">http://felsefearkivi.istanbul.edu.tr</a>.It must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B3A1464BE32345158541A71384ABA89A" target="_blank">title page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist), and cover letter. Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/45E23644BDEE41E09BB14937398BF28A" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards, written in Times New Roman font style in 12 font size, line spacing of 1.5 and “justify align” format. Footnotes must remain within these limits and be written in 10 font size.2. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords, sections of article, references and tables and figures. 3. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 200-250 word range. Underneath the abstract, 5 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified. 4. Research article sections are ordered as follows: “Introduction”, “(at least two) Text Titles” “Conclusion” and “References”.5. A title page including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone, fax number of the author(s) and ORCIDs of all authors (see The Submission Checklist). 6. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work published in the Journal; Istanbul University has no responsibility in this regard. 7. The author(s) can be asked to make some changes in their articles due to peer reviews.

Author Guidelines

Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained. Reference Style and FormatArchives of Philosophy – Felsefe Arkivi uses Chicago Manual of Style as reference style. Please use this link for more details: <a href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;">https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text.Examples:FN: First note, SN: Subsequent note, B: BibliographyBookFN Ayhan Bıçak, Tarih Felsefesinin Oluşumu (İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2004), 280.SN Bıçak, Tarih Felsefesinin Oluşumu, 25.B Bıçak, Ayhan. Tarih Felsefesinin Oluşumu. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2004.FN J. J. C. Smart and Bernard Williams, Utilitarianism. For and Against (Cambridge: Cambridge Press, 1973), 9.SN Smart and Williams, Utilitarianism. For and Against, 82.B Smart, J. J. C. and Williams, Bernard. Utilitarianism. For and Against. Cambridge: Cambridge Press, 1973.FN Stanley M. Honer, Thomas C. Hunt and Dennis L. Okholm, Invitation to Philosophy. Issues and Options (Belmont: Wadsworth Pub Co.,1999), 20.SN Honer, Hunt and Okholm, Invitation to Philosophy, 35.B Honer, Stanley M., Hunt, Thomas C. and Okholm, Dennis L. Invitation to Philosophy. Issues and Options. Belmont: Wadsworth Pub Co.,1999.FN Frank Cunningham et al., Philosophy: The Big Questions (Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Scholars Press, 2003), 15.SN Cunningham et al., Philosophy, 30.B Cunningham, Frank, LaLonde, Daniel, Neelin, David and Peglar, Kenneth. Philosophy: The Big Questions. Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Scholars Press, 2003.Authors who do not have surnames (i.e. Kung Fu Tse), should be listed according to their first names. For example, Kung Fu Tse should enter the bibliography under the letter K. Authors with surnames are listed after their surnames (i.e. Popper, Karl).Translated BookFN Nigel Warburton, Felsefe Okuma Rehberi, trans. Ahmet Fethi Yıldırım (İstanbul: Alfa, 2016), 8-9.SN Warburton, Felsefe Okuma Rehberi, 12.B Warburton, Nigel. Felsefe Okuma Rehberi. Translated by Ahmet Fethi Yıldırım. İstanbul: Alfa, 2016.Chapter of an Edited BookFN Cengiz Çakmak, “Kader İnsanı Suçla Yargılar: ‘Kader ve Karakter’ Üzerine Değiniler”, in Dar Kapıdaki Mesih: Walter Benjamin ve Politik Felsefesi, ed. M .Ertan Kardeş (İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları, 2017), 79.SN Çakmak, “Kader İnsanı Suçla Yargılar: ‘Kader ve Karakter’ Üzerine Değiniler”, 83.B Çakmak, Cengiz. “Kader İnsanı Suçla Yargılar: ‘Kader ve Karakter’ Üzerine Değiniler.” in Dar Kapıdaki Mesih: Walter Benjamin ve Politik Felsefesi. Edited by M .Ertan Kardeş, 79-87. İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları, 2017.Preface, Introduction, Etc. of a BookFN Hakkı Hünler ve Solmaz Zelyüt Hünler, preface to Alasdair MacIntyre’ın Ethik’in Kısa Tarihi  (İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları, 2001), XVII.SN Hünler ve Zelyüt Hünler, preface, XVI.B Hünler, Hakkı ve Zelyüt Hünler, Solmaz. Preface to Alasdair MacIntyre’ın Ethik’in Kısa Tarihi, I-XXIV. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları, 2001.E-BookFN Benedict de Spinoza, The Ethics [Part I] July 2, 2019, http://www.gutenberg.org/9/1/919/, 1.E.2.SN Spinoza, The Ethics [Part I], 1.E.9.B Spinoza, Benedict de. The Ethics [Part I]. July 2, 2019. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/9/1/919/">http://www.gutenberg.org/9/1/919/</a>.For books consulted online, cite the URL or the name of the database. If no page numbers are available, cite a section or chapter title.Journal ArticleFN Cengiz Çakmak, “Asadan Böceğe: Politik Yargı ve Felsefe,” Felsefe Arkivi 43 (2015), 17.SN Çakmak, “Asadan Böceğe,” 17-18.B Çakmak, Cengiz. “Asadan Böceğe: Politik Yargı ve Felsefe.” Felsefe Arkivi 43 (2015): 17-23.Translated Journal ArticleFN Reinhard Kleinknecht, “Olay ve Gerçeklik Zamanı,” trans. M. S. Genç, Kutadgubilig Felsefe-Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (2007), 20.SN Reinhard, Kleinknecht, “Olay ve Gerçeklik Zamanı,” 22.B Kleinknecht, Reinhard. “Olay ve Gerçeklik Zamanı.” Translated by M. S. Genç. Kutadgubilig Felsefe-Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (2007): 17-44.Online Journal ArticleFN Ahmet Emre Dağtaşoğlu, “Antik Yunan Felsefesinde “Fantasia”nın Epistemolojik Rolü,” flsf (Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi) 17 (2014 Bahar): 266. June 24, 2019.SN Dağtaşoğlu, “Antik Yunan Felsefesinde,” 266-268.B Dağtaşoğlu, Ahmet Emre. “Antik Yunan Felsefesinde “Fantasia”nın Epistemolojik Rolü.” flsf (Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi) 17 (2014 Bahar): 266-287. June 24, 2019.For articles consulted online, cite the URL or the name of the database. If available, specify the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) number.Thesis or DissertationFN Ali Suat Gözcü, “Zaman Sorunu: Şimdici ve Ebediyetçi Anlayışları”, (PhD diss., İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2016), 28.SN Gözcü, “Zaman Sorunu: Şimdici ve Ebediyetçi Anlayışları”, 40.B Gözcü, Ali Suat. “Zaman Sorunu: Şimdici ve Ebediyetçi Anlayışları.” PhD diss., İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2016.Encyclopaedia EntryFN Ahmet Cevizci, “Mutluluk,” Felsefe Sözlüğü, (İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları, 2010), 1130.SN Cevizci, “Mutluluk,” 1131.B Cevizci, Ahmet. “Mutluluk.” Felsefe Sözlüğü: 1130-1131. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları, 2010.Book ReviewFN Aruz İbişi Temelli, “Siyaset Felsefesi,” rewiev of Siyaset Felsefesi, by Luc Ferry-Alain Renaut. Kutadgubilig, Felsefe-Bilim Araştırmaları, 29 (2016), 370.SN İbişi Temelli, “Siyaset Felsefesi,” 371.B İbişi Temelli, Arzu. “Siyaset Felsefesi.” Rewiev of Siyaset Felsefesi, by Luc Ferry-Alain Renaut. Kutadgubilig, Felsefe-Bilim Araştırmaları, 29 (2016): 369-374.Website ContentFN Carl Tollef Solberg ve Espen Gamlund, “How Should We Evaluate Deaths?”, Practical Ethics, July 3, 2019, http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2019/05/guest-post-how-should-we-evaluate-deaths/SN “How Should We Evaluate Deaths?”B Solberg, Carl Tollef ve Gamlund, Espen. “How Should We Evaluate Deaths?” Practical Ethics. July 3, 2019, http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2019/05/guest-post-how-should-we-evaluate-deaths/News or Magazine ArticleFN Takiyettin Mengüşoğlu, “Eğitimde Tarihi Çevre ve İnsan,” Cumhuriyet, December 14, 1971, 2.SN Mengüşoğlu, “Eğitimde Tarihi Çevre ve İnsan,” 2.B Mengüşoğlu, Takiyettin. “Eğitimde Tarihi Çevre ve İnsan.” Cumhuriyet, December 14, 1971.Online News or Magazine ArticleFN “What Consent? Hungary, Poland &amp; Czech Republic Deny Sealing Migrant Deal with Merkel”, Russia Today, June 6, 2018, <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/431382-hungary-poland-czech-migrants/" target="_blank">https://www.rt.com/news/431382-hungary-poland-czech-migrants/</a>SN “What Consent?”B “What Consent? Hungary, Poland &amp; Czech Republic Deny Sealing Migrant Deal with Merkel”, Russia Today, June 6, 2018, <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/431382-hungary-poland-czech-migrants/" target="_blank">https://www.rt.com/news/431382-hungary-poland-czech-migrants/</a>

<div><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/45E23644BDEE41E09BB14937398BF28A" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=copyrighttransferformen_litera_636846337884291693.doc"> </a></div><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A649FB6CFD7C4DD89F9AD5FFB505FB8F" target="_blank">Title page</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/F9732E150EDC42DB9483FD4CC9C098F4" target="_blank">Author Form</a><ul></ul>

Ensure that the following items are present:● Cover letter to the editorü  The category of the manuscriptü  Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.ü  Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.ü  Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with Chicago Manual of Style.ü  Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.ü  Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/45E23644BDEE41E09BB14937398BF28A" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/5DF1F7970A504442A778A3E80863D9FF" target="_blank">Title page</a>ü  The category of the manuscriptü  The title of the manuscriptü  All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country),e-mail addressesü  Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax numberü  ORCIDs of all authors.● Main Manuscript Documentü  The title of the manuscriptü  Abstract (250 words)ü  Key words: 5 -10 wordsü  Acknowledgement (if exists)ü  Acknowledgements, grant supports, conflicts of interest should be indicatedü  Referencesü  All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Cengiz Çakmak
Cover (PDF)
Full Text (PDF)
Front Pages (PDF)