Selim

Assist. Prof.

The prominent political theorist Robert Dahl (1971, p. 1) emphasized “the continuing responsiveness of the government to the preferences of its citizens” as a key characteristic of democratic governance. A responsive government is one that is attentive to, and influenced by, the voice of the people (Sartori, 1976). Accordingly, in the specific context of policy responsiveness, we can say that a government is responsive when there is a high level of congruence between the policy preferences and actions of the elected representatives and public attitudes towards policy issues (Hobolt &amp; Klemmemsen, 2005). Evidence from Western democracies suggests that there is indeed a close correspondence between public opinion and policy behavior of governments (Hobolt &amp; Klemmemsen, 2005; Page &amp; Shapiro, 1983, 1992; Stimson, MacKuen, &amp; Erikson, 1995). Political parties are considered to be significant actors for the realization of this ideal of the responsive government. At the most fundamental level, political parties have the task of transmitting popular preferences into policies (Stokes, 1999). In Anthony Downs’ (1957) classical framework of electoral competition, parties choose the vote-maximizing position in the relevant policy space, and accordingly, just as economic competition leads firms to produce what consumers want, electoral competition induces parties “to give voters what they want” (Stokes, 1999, p. 251). A primary and crucial step towards assessing the responsiveness of political parties in a country, then, is to look at which policy issues different parties emphasize. In this study, the policy areas prioritized by the major Turkish political parties during the election campaigns between 2002 and 2015 are examined. The main questions to be addressed are as follows: Which policy areas do the parties prioritize? Is there a significant divergence in the prioritization of different policy areas by the parties or are there common themes that are emphasized by all of them? Are there trends regarding parties’ policy priorities over time? And finally, do the policy areas prioritized by parties correspond to what the public considers as important issues? As election manifestos, or programs, are political parties’ authoritative policy statements, they are valuable resources to study the parties’ policy priorities and preferences. For this reason, in this study the Manifesto Project (CMP/MARPOR), a database of political parties’ election manifestos covering over 1000 parties from 1945 to today in more than 50 countries, is used. This database relies on a standardized, comparative content analysis of parties’ manifestos by quantifying the statements included in these manifestos with the support of coders from different countries. Using the dataset it is possible to study parties’ policy positions and preferences with a common framework. In this study, the manifesto statements of Ak Parti and CHP for the five elections between 2002 and 2015, and of MHP and DTP/BDP/HDP for the four elections between 2007 and 2015 (due to data availability) are analyzed.&nbsp;The analyses reveal that the policy domains of economy, welfare, and quality of life stand out as the most frequently appearing domains in the Turkish parties’ manifestos with a partial exception for DTP/BDP/HDP. DTP/BDP/HDP manifestos devote significantly less space to the domain of the economy than the other three parties. Instead, DTP/BDP/HDP puts considerable emphasis on democracy and equality. Among the four parties considered, MHP seems to have the most consistent distribution of policy domains in its campaign manifestos over time as there is little variance in the relative proportions of different domains across the elections. Other policy domains, such as external relations, political system, fabric of society, and social groups, have consistently received relatively little attention by the parties. Finally, available public opinion data suggest that there is a good correspondence between the public concern’s and election manifestos of major Turkish parties over the period between 2002 and 2015. Just as policy issues related to the domains of the economy, welfare, and quality of life are the most important themes in the parties’ manifestos, the economy is the most salient issue for Turkish citizens. Moreover, welfare state expansion, a major theme in parties’ election manifestos, also corresponds well to the public’s concern with income inequality. For further research, more studies are needed to understand the policy-making process of the parties. This is a research area that is currently not well developed in the Turkish context; we do not have much information as to how parties prepare their campaign platforms and election manifestos.

Policy Priorities in the Election Manifestos of Political Parties in Turkey, 2002–2015

Atıl

Assoc. Prof.

Selçuk

Hüseyin

Res. Assist.

A group of Alevis established the Birlik Partisi (BP; Unity Party) political party after the 1965 General Elections. The party changed its name to Türkiye Birlik Partisi (TBP; Turkish Unity Party) following the Turkish Military regime established on March 12, 1971, and the name continued for the remainder of its existence, i.e., until it was dissolved. Following the adoption of the 1961 Constitution, the political environment gained more freedom, and the establishment of the party during this time allowed a level of activism during a politically polarizing period. As it was gradually becoming difficult for the Alevis to easily express themselves, their primary demand for the state to recognize the Alevi identity continued to increase. In this context, the party expected to receive solutions from those in power and opposition circles. As the Alevis realized that their expectations came to naught, they decided to establish a new political party. The newly established party was mentioned in the 1960s and 1970s in conjunction with a number of leadership and ideology changes. Following the military coup of September 12, 1980, it was dissolved like all the other parties.Undoubtedly, the establishment of a new party was not only caused by the environment under the new constitution. During this period, in addition to the political organization facilitated by the new constitution, some events occurred that deeply affected Alevism. Once confined to rural areas in order to exist, it is appropriate to mention that Alevism transformed in terms of faith and political organization due to rapid migration from the countryside to cities. The life practices created by village traditions became meaningless due to migration to cities. Ancestral rules that had met all the needs of a small community did not work in the city. The Alevis broke away from traditional life practices when they began city life, began to mingle with the new environment, and discovered that they were obliged to live with it. Even so, they tried to sustain their village life practices during their transition to city life. They were able to keep alive their sensitivity to remain one community even in the city. However, despite their efforts, they recognized that they could not overcome the sophisticated city life problems with village rules, and the solutions they proposed in terms of their life practices and daily problems would not work as communityspecific solutions. City life created an impossibility that set the Alevis on the path to becoming a different community. Different perspectives that are not available in the village with other solution suggestions do not need to be solved.During this period, in spite of Alevism’s rapid politicization process, the Sunni interpretation of Islam began to stretch its political influence as far as possible. Cities became politicization areas not only for Alevism but also for Sunnism. Organized under the leadership of Naqshbandi cults, Sunnism had the opportunity to interfere in politics more than those that existed outside of their leadership. This interference also toughened the Alevis’ opposition style. In addition, despite experiencing similar advantages and disadvantages of city life, the state of Alevis in the rural environment&nbsp;continued to worsen in comparison with that in the past. While the migration of Alevis to cities was considered a chance to increase the vocalization of the problems of Alevism and was regarded as an advantage, the Alevi–Sunni conflicts experienced in some regions of Anatolia indicate that just defending life in the rural environment was gradually becoming more difficult. Without a doubt, this vulnerability depends on the current political will’s underestimation of the events and its concurrent discourse and belief in the refrain that “Alevism–Sunnism discrimination is over.” The most notorious example of these events occurred in Muğla-Ortaca during the 1960s. When Sunni villagers blockaded a neighboring Alevi village in Ortaca for days, all the Alevis in the country were troubled. This concern was very closely related to the resultant method of political will that was taken by the Alevis to address the problem. The tendency of the Adalet Partisi (AP) or the Justice Party to address the issue as an ordinary judicial case and the approach of the Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) or the Republican People’s Party, which denies Alevi–Sunni discrimination, minimized the belief among the Alevis that the current political composition would be able to solve the problems of Alevism.In addition to these challenges, the Directorate of Religious Affairs (DİB) continued to attempt to establish domination over the Alevi faith (belief), leading to an accelerated tendency to politicize issues. Hearing current DİB representatives disregard Alevism in their discourse has caused the Alevi demands to increase with regard to rebuilding the institution. Numerous Alevi opinion leaders held talks with the ruling and opposition parties about the anticipated revisions (rebuilding) during relevant time intervals. When these talks went badly, it was thought that a political formation would be the only way to resolve these and similar problems..Having been established in such an environment, the TBP entered the 1969 elections with a party program planning to vocalize the existence of the Alevi identity on political grounds and by addressing the Alevi masses. In the first elections it entered, the party received enough votes for eight parliament members, mainly by virtue of the settlements where there were extensive Alevi populations; however, it also experienced an axis shift due to the change in the general president’s role and in the impact of the conjuncture. We can see that the party evolved from traditional discourses to leftist discourses due to their popularity following the general presidency of Mustafa Timisi. Hadji Bektashi Dervish Convent (Hacı Bektaşi Dergâhı) accepted Timisi as the representative of the Alevis and traditionally supported the party until 1970. They were able to contribute to the party’s politics (policy) to some extent, which enabled the meeting of political views with social views. In 1970, a new period began for the TBP, when the Dervish Convent distanced itself from the party. Thus, we must consider two periods for the TBP—first, the period between 1966 and 1970, during which tradition ruled and traditional opinion leaders were able to significantly contribute to the party’s success, and second, the period between 1970 and 1980, during which the opinion leaders and the Dervish Convent became&nbsp;distant from the party. The party then looked for a place on the leftist spectrum and the Dervish Convent’s effect on the party diminished. This study aims to address this axis shift within the context of party programs, speeches of the general president, and election declarations, by using descriptive and historical research methods.

A Political Movement Stucked between Tradition and Left: (Turkish) Unity Party  Open Access

Abdullah

Prof.

Urban life away from nature, crowded, noisy, and lived between concrete piles cannot meet people’s needs of physical and psychological relaxation. Spending free time away from work, school, or any activity in a stressful, crowded, gray-toned atmosphere causes problems to increase. In addition to its many benefits, urban green areas provide us with the conditions necessary for a healthier society by enabling people to embrace nature and escape their stressful lives. For human health, a key element of sustainable urban development, green areas should be used intensively and compulsively in the urban landscape.It is known that in the history of human existence, cities play an important role in the development of societies and that the present-day civilization was born in urban centers. After a certain period of the history of humanity, the city became the center of politics, law, market, culture, education, and art. By playing an important role in the emergence of social developments and political revolutions, the cities provided suitable environments for the development of the concept of human rights today.&nbsp;Although cities play such a significant role in human history, there is also a dark side to their history that is not desirable to be seen. The city is also home to many other problems such as poor housing, traffic, employment, population increase, garbage, and air pollution. It is possible to see this as a consequence of the inner contradiction of the capitalist city societies. In other words, while the city provides important institutionalization and progress in the social arena with the richness it offers, it also increases tensions among the lower social classes due to the social contradictions it contains. These contradictions sometimes can be seen in economic, social, ethnic, and cultural aspects. The pollution problem can be considered a contradiction in the production process of the city.The great benefits of cities have begun to diminish significantly because of environmental and other problems. Resolving these problems, which are becoming more severe in the face of the continuous growth of urban areas, requires some measures enacted at the city and national level. These measures have begun to take shape within an understanding called sustainable development. This approach can be considered the most appropriate solution for the market economy. Naturally, the success of this approach is closely related to its capacity to be implemented in urban areas. Therefore, sustainable urban development supports many changes in Western capitalist cities.Sustainable development is based on the idea of providing security for human beings and protecting their social, economic, and environmental values. Sustainability also includes the protection of natural resources that are important to human life. One of the most important aspects of sustainable development is undoubtedly the necessity of a compromise in society. In fact, a certain compromise is needed not just for this concept but for all systems. Especially in democratic countries, social and political compromise is the key to the success of governance. Such a compromise in society will connect the masses by removing the differences between the classes.The issue of urban sustainability is not only a matter that the public administration can handle on its own. Urban sustainability will increase its success with broader community participation. Thus, there should be principles to which all urban groups have agreed. The ability of city governments to obtain citizen support in their sustainability work depends on the efficiency of their dialogue with citizens. It should be explained that studies on sustainability in the urban arena will positively affect the citizens in the long run and will enhance their quality of life. However, in many countries today, limited resources are not sufficiently recycled and non-renewable energy sources are being used in great quantities, causing high greenhouse gas emissions. Unfortunately, the use of renewable energy has not reached a desired point in the world.It can be said that there is a great harmony between the functions of the social state and sustainable urban development. The social state has undertaken a responsibility to raise citizens’ living standards in a wide area. In other words, guaranteeing livelihood only up to a certain extent to citizens does not mean a social state. The social state is a concept that goes far beyond this. The state has undertaken a wide range of functions for the citizens. Green areas, one of the main components of urban sustainability, are of great importance for citizen functions and can be said to be directly related to the quality of life of urban residents.Urban green spaces are one of the basic tools of the city, which directly affect the quality of life of the inhabitants of the city. These areas, affecting the image of the city positively, play an important role in the fulfillment of recreational functions. The size of green areas, or the amount of green space per person, has increasingly begun to be accepted as a measure of the development of societies. The quality of life of urban residents can be positively affected by green areas with regard to their ecological, social, economic, and physical characteristics. However, increasing population pressure and housing activities threaten green areas. Protecting and developing green areas in line with the measures to be taken, especially in the developing countries, is of great importance for a more livable and safe future.Parallel to Turkey’s urbanization process, the green space requirement of big cities is increasing. However, it cannot be said that the amount of green area allocated to the increasing population can be met. Moreover, in recent years, green areas, some of which are located in urban centers, may become permanent targets of investors. The municipal administrations can transform green areas into shopping centers. The green areas in the city can easily be sacrificed due to the city’s increasing financial problems.More green spaces are needed in cities for a healthier future. At this point, it should not be forgotten that the green areas are the first step toward establishing sustainable urban governance. The lack of green areas is a threat to people’s lives. This is a scientifically proven fact and thus, necessary legal arrangements should be made to protect the green areas more strictly and necessary help should be given to the city administrations to increase the green area per capita. In this theoretical study, the importance of green areas will be emphasized for sustainable urban development.&nbsp;

Sustainable Urban Development and Green Areas

İdil

The consciousness of most of the present-day Russian population was formed under the Soviet rule. They grew up during the Soviet period and inherited a Soviet lifestyle and worldview. The younger generation was raised by this generation. One of the arguments of this study is that in order to understand the identity of Russians and how they define themselves today, the Russian identity and their relations to the state during the Soviet period should be analyzed.The influence of the Soviet era on today’s Russian identity and Russian nationalism still exists. The roots of the different currents of today’s Russian nationalism go back to the Soviet period. Most of the Russian nationalists today have a feeling of nostalgia toward the Soviet period. The Soviet era also seems to have an effect on Russian politics. Today, in the Russian Federation, the Soviet past is being partially and selectively rehabilitated.This article mainly argues that the Russian national identity and the modern Russian nationalism were formed in the Soviet period, including many nationalistic motifs from the Tsarist period. This study covers the Soviet period beginning from the Lenin to the late Brezhnev years. The first part will discuss the transformation of the state’s view from the descriptive “Great Russian (velikorusskii narod) chauvinism” to the acclaimed “velikii russkii narod,” the emergence of the National Bolshevik ideology and the concept of “Soviet patriotism.” The study also explores how Russian nationalism was controlled, used, and incorporated into the official ideology of the state. In the following section, developments in Russian nationalism in the Brezhnev period will be analyzed. From this period, the rise of the dissident form of Russian nationalism, the thoughts of dissident nationalists, and the tolerance and support that the Soviet state showed to the National Bolsheviks will be discussed.The main rival of Marxism, the ideology of the new Soviet regime, was nationalism. In the beginning of the Soviet period, all the expressions of Russian nationalism were called “Great Russian Chauvinism” and were strongly suppressed. These pressures continued into the mid-1930s. Under the threat of the upcoming World War, the Soviet regime under Stalin’s leadership aimed to mobilize Russian nationalist sentiments. Therefore, Russian nationalism was integrated into the state ideology. However, Russian nationalism was not allowed to be expressed as a separate ideology independent of the state ideology. Marxism–Leninism remained one of the important sources of legitimization of the Soviet regime. Being aware of the dominance of Russians within the state and in the country, and of the possible harmful effects of Russian nationalist sentiments aiming to separate the Russian nation from the Soviet state, the Soviet regime always tried to control Russian nationalism and to preserve the Russian/Soviet Union identification in the minds of the Russians. In addition, some Soviet leaders regarded partial identification with Russian nationalism as beneficial because this&nbsp;would increase the legitimacy of the regime in the eyes of the Russians. Eventually, a degree of identification between the Russians and the Soviet state was achieved.The Russian nationalism under the Soviet rule until the 1960s developed in a strictly controlled line dictated by the Soviet state. In the early years of the Soviet regime, until the first half of the 1930s, all forms of Russian nationalism were punished by the regime. However, in this period, a new kind of Russian nationalism, which blended Russian nationalist themes with Marxist–Leninist themes, emerged. These groups were close to or within the political establishment.After 1934, Russian nationalism was used by the regime for its own goals and to create identification with the Soviet state in the minds of the Russians. However, the regime never lost control over Russian nationalism. Russian nationalism was incorporated in the official ideology of the state and was not allowed to go outside the boundaries defined by the state. Until the 1960s, Russian nationalism was state-based. Toward the end of the Khrushchev era, different expressions of Russian nationalism, which were defined outside the discourse of the state, emerged.During the Brezhnev period, Russian nationalism became an ideology from below. For the first time in this period, a strong tendency among Russian nationalists saw the Russian nation as a separate ethnic group from the Soviet state; they began expressing their thoughts on the harmful effects of the Soviet administration on the Russians. Furthermore, National Bolshevism became a strong Russian nationalist tendency. During the Brezhnev period, the National Bolsheviks were not only tolerated but also supported. The revival of Russian nationalism began as well as gained momentum in the Brezhnev era. During the Brezhnev period, Russian nationalism found its own form and the main concerns of Russian nationalist thought, its worldview, and the proposals became clear.During the Brezhnev period, two main Russian nationalist approaches emerged. One was the group that worried about what they perceived as the moral and demographic crisis of the Russians. They were concerned that the Russians were losing their values, culture, and tradition. As a solution, they offered the revival of the Russian Orthodox values, pre-revolutionary Russian culture, and peasant traditions. They were against modernization and had concerns about the devastating effects of the Soviet administration on the Russians. Representatives of this group were dissident nationalists and rural prose writers. Although the rural prose writers were much more successful in finding a modus vivendi with the regime, both groups shared the above-mentioned thoughts.The most important development in terms of Russian nationalism during the Brezhnev era was the emergence of dissident Russian nationalism, which influenced&nbsp;all groups of Russian nationalists. Dissident Russian nationalists have defined the Russian nation as a separate ethnic group from the state. They rejected the official ideology of the state. They considered the state a non-Russian and anti-Russian element. They believed that the Soviet state had harmful effects on the Russian nation.Another nationalist group comprised the National Bolsheviks. Their primary concern was that the Russian military and political power should be increased both with regard to other countries and other nations within the Soviet Union. They regarded the Soviet state as the representative and protector of the Russians.From the Brezhnev period to the fall of the Soviet Union, Russian nationalism developed on almost the same line. Russian national identity and Russian nationalism found their modern forms during the Soviet period. Considering how much the Soviet and Russian identities have been identical in the past, and while the Soviet past is being partially and selectively rehabilitated in the Russian Federation today, the Soviet period provides important clues to understand the relations between the nation and the state in the new era.

Formation of Russian Nationalism and the Russian National Identity under Soviet Rule

Mehmet

Examining the Possibility of an Eastphalian International Order

Call For Papers  Rethinking Forced Migration and Welfare Inclusion

Joakim

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Ingemar

Prof. Dr.

Misrepresenting Muslims? Critical Perspectives on Migration Policy Change in Sweden 2015-2023

Mouhamed

Assist. Prof. Dr.

The Russian-Ukraine War and The Uses of Naval Mines in the Black Sea the Legal Consequences in Turkey

Seven

From Neighbors to Potential Members: Is the War in Ukraine a Critical Juncture for the European Union’s Enlargement Policy?

Esra

George

Examination of China-Kenya Economic Relations between 1993 and 2003

Lorena

Rosa

The End of the Recurring Guerrilla in Mexico?

Effects of Inflation, Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Trade Openness on CO2 Emissions: Panel Data Analysis for Developing Countries

Mücahit

Important Personal Values and Other Variables Determining Trust in the UN among European Peoples

Emre

Yasemin

The Struma Incident: Refugees, Wartime Diplomacy, and Türkiye’s Neutral Struggle

Mertcan

Analyzing the JDP Era through Class Struggles

Konur

Fatih

Res. Assist. Dr.

Burak

Social Alienation with International Students in New York City: A Phenomenological Research

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@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Esin

Saniye

Öğretim Görevlisi

Cansu

Considering that there are nearly two hundred countries in the world today; the economic, socio-cultural and political situation of each state differs from one another. These differences occur according to the political and bureaucratic traditions of the countries, the nature of the political regime, the party or social groups that hold political power, the level of development of the countries, and the characteristics of the historical process in which they exist etc. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the political crisis between Turkey and Russian Federation after the airplane crises on November 24, 2015. When examined in the context of economic and political relations, Turkey downed the Russian Federation’s plane on November 24, 2015 which added another strain to already turbulent Turkey and Russia relations. The crisis that took place on November 24, 2015 was the biggest crisis in the recent period.The scope of this study is the reflection of political risk on commercial relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation. There is a comprehensive list of academic studies on business issues which have already been carried out such as Tourism relations, energy relations etc. However, the scope of this study - the effect of the aircraft crash on Turkey’s import and export values – is not from an academic perspective. The study has three parts. In the first part, we look at the political risk concept and political and commercial relations. In the second part of the study, a time series regression analysis was conducted with the STATA program. In the last part of the study, the results obtained were evaluated and recommendations were made.After Turkey downed the aircraft belonging to Russia on November 24, 2015, it faced a weakening of its strong trade relations with the Russian Federation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of trade relations between the two countries in terms of the volume of foreign trade as a result of political risk. The effect of commercial relations between the two countries by linking variables has been shown in a quantitative study. For this purpose, a time series regression analysis was performed in the STATA program. The data was constituted with the Turkey Statistics Institute (TUIK) and the Central Bank (MB) reports. The political crisis is the independent variable and the control variables are the CPI-based real effective exchange rate, the monthly percentage change in the CPI and industrial production index. The Turkey-Russia trade volume is considered as the dependent variable. We analyzed the effect of the political crisis on foreign trade volume within the scope of these variables. Monthly values of the data are used in the study and the time series covers the period from January 2005 to November 2017. The regression coefficient of the CRIS variable was negative (- 507). As mentioned in the literature, the political crisis between the two countries caused a decrease in the trade volumes of the countries. In this context, the hypothesis that political risk leads to disruption of international trade relations has been supported.&nbsp;In addition to the regression analysis, changes in the volume of imports and exports are shown with the help of graphs. The results obtained from the regression analysis and the drawn graphics were supported and decreases in the volume of imports and exports are shown in the graphs. The lowest import volume with the Russian Federation was observed in the subsequent months after the aircraft crises covering Russia’s sanctioning period. Traces of the political crisis created by the aircraft crisis were observed a year&nbsp;after the incident. In 2016, both import and export data were generally low. The levels of imports and exports seen in the data of 2015 could not be reached in 2017 but they paint a better picture than the levels in 2016.In this study, Turkey’s downing of an aircraft belonging to the Russian Federation and the implication of this event, consisting of political risk on commercial activities, was analyzed with time series regression and examined through two years of data shown in before and after graphs. As a result of the study, we can see that the political crises has had an effect on import and export volumes and also the severity of the crises has affected communication between the countries and the process of re-engaging in business activities. Economic relations between Turkey and Russia are sensitive to political events. It can be said that Turkey’s strategies implemented after the crisis were not successful because Turkey’s export data still has not reached that of 2014.&nbsp;&nbsp;In conclusion, the political crises between the two countries have had a negative impact on the commercial activities of the countries. In order for political crises to have less negative impacts on the commercial activities of countries, it may be advisable to establish a partnership rather than a direct investment in countries with high political risks.

The Effect of Changes in the Political Climate on Intercountry Trade: An Econometric Analysis on Turkey-Russia Aircraft Crisis

Gökhan

Şule

The impact of international migration on foreign trade manifests itself through two channels: preference and network effects. The continuation of the consumption habits of the immigrant in his/her country of origin also leads to a demand for the goods of the immigrated country in the host country. Besides, immigrants can lead to changes in the consumption patterns of the citizens in the host country where they live. Considering all these effects, the increase in the demand for the goods of the home countries will increase the imports in the host country. This is called the preference effect. There is a network system that connects individuals in the home country and the host country. Social and economic relations between individuals are maintained through some formal or informal groups. These connections contribute to the increase in the relationship between the two countries. Immigrants help business activities to increase by establishing business contacts with individuals in the host country. Another important effect is that they accelerate the flow of information between the host and home countries by sharing the information they have with their host country. Increased knowledge leads to a reduction in transaction costs in trade. These effects are called network effects. The preference effect increases the imports of the host country, while the network effect increases both exports and imports.This study aims to examine the impact of international migration on foreign trade. For this purpose, panel data analysis is used in the study. The analysis includes the foreign trade data that Turkey made with 125 countries from which Turkey received immigrants between 2013 and 2016. The sample of the study is divided into two groups including 33 industrialized OECD and 92 developing countries. This distinction constitutes a homogeneous sample because it includes the countries that are more similar to each other. The random effect model is preferred because the number of units in the sample is greater than the time period, the sample does not include all possible countries, and the use of a variable that does not change over time such as distance. The variables used in the analysis are determined according to the augmented gravity model. In the models, foreign trade variables include exports, imports and the sum of the two are used as dependent variables, while income level, distance, population and nominal exchange rate variables as well as migration variable are considered as explanatory variables. Taking Turkey as a home country, some studies examined the impact of international migration on trade. These studies have been carried out on migration from Turkey to Western countries. To the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical study taking Turkey as the host country in the relevant literature.As the distance variable representing the distance between Turkey and other countries does not change in years in the panel gravity model, it has a dummy structure. Therefore, the distance variable cannot be used in the fixed effects model based on many dummy variables by their nature. In addition, the countries included in the sample consist of a random selection as their data are available. For these reasons, all of the models in the study are estimated using the random-effects model. The Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) estimator is used to make a prediction free of problems such as crosssectional dependence, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the estimated linear regression models based on panel data method.According to the main result of the study, the impact of international migrants coming to Turkey between 2013 and 2016 contributed positively to Turkey’s trade. This result is valid for Turkey’s trade both with OECD countries and with developing countries. Also, international migration has a positive impact on Turkey’s exports and imports in both groups of countries. The main result of the study is in accord with the expectations. This result shows that international migrants contribute to the welfare of the communities they live in. In other words, foreign trade has an important social benefit for the acceptability of international migration. This is because, the positive effect of international migration on foreign trade in a country is known by the citizens in that country, which may favorably change the perspective towards migrants or reduce negative attitudes towards immigrants in host countries&nbsp;When the empirical results are examined in detail in terms of variables representing foreign trade, another significant result emerges. Accordingly, the impact of international migrants on import is larger than export in Turkey. This is valid for both OECD countries and developing countries. This result shows that the preference effect emerges predominantly. It is possible to say that migrants in Turkey meet a part of the demand for final goods through imports. For this purpose, new empirical studies on the determinants of intra-industry trade are needed in future studies. The impact of international migration on import is larger than export meaning that migrants residing in Turkey lack high-quality human capital.

The Effect of International Migration on Foreign Trade: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey

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Umut

The 1980s were the beginning of a radical restructuring process in the political economy of contemporary capitalism. The erosion of real capital accumulation in the 1970s and crisis conjuncture in which capitalism faces were tried to be overcome with a paradigm shift. Thus, neoliberal ideology and its polities have replaced the Keynesian paradigm. In this context, global economic architecture (system) has witnessed the processes of neoliberalism, globalization and finally financialization, after 1980. Even though the concept of financialization is dealt with in different approaches and the extent of its scope makes it difficult to make a clear definition, it is defined that financialization is a process whereby financial markets, financial institutions, financial motive, and financial elites gain major power over economic policy design and economic outcomes (Epstein, 2005; Krippner, 2005; Palley, 2007a; Orhangazi, 2008a).Another development observed in the world economy in simultaneously with the financialization process has been the increase in the unemployment rate. Mainstream economists generally explain the causes of unemployment by labor market rigidities, education level, and work motivation (Snowdon ve Vane, 2005, s.404; Gonzalez ve Sala, 2014, s.596). On the other hand, how financialization affects unemployment is not much included in the mainstream analysis.&nbsp;Discussions on the causes and consequences of financialization have increased rapidly in recent times. Looking at the relevant literature, financialization studies are generally focused on real capital accumulation and growth (Stockhammer, 2004; Orhangazi, 2008b; Demir, 2008), crises (Akyüz ve Boratav, 2003; Lee ve Cheng; 2011) and income distribution (Van Arnum ve Naples, 2013; Flaherty, 2015; Stockhammer, 2017; Dünhaupt, 2017). On the other side, there have been deficiencies in the literature about a systematic analysis of how financialization can influence the unemployment rate through which mechanisms. This study is built on the view that the damage caused by the financialization process on real economic activities affects the job creation and unemployment rate. Within this framework, four different channels have been defined in which financialization will affect the unemployment rate in this study. The four potential explanations of the relationship between financialization and the unemployment rate are as follows:• Shareholder value orientation on non-financial corporates (NFC) • Income inequality caused by financialization • the replacement of full employment macroeconomic policy with low inflation targeting policy • Financial crises and its impacts on the real economyThese developments may affect the unemployment rate by eroding real capital accumulation and production capacity in the economy.The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between financialization and unemployment rate in 9 OECD countries1 during 1980-2015 by means of panel cointegration and causality methods. The study is thought to contribute to the literature due to the lack of empirical analysis of the relationship between financialization and unemployment. In this study, the share of finance, insurance and real estate sectors (FIRE) in total value added is used as financialization variable. FIRE is a commonly used financialization variable because it is a comprehensive indicator (Van Arnum ve Naples, 2013; Flaherty, 2015; Darcillon, 2015). This data is gathered from EU-KLEMS. Unemployment rate (UNEMP) data is obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) database.Firstly, homogeneity of the slope coefficient is carried out by way of delta test developed by Pesaran and Yamagata (2008). Thus, the slope coefficient is concluded to be homogeneous. Subsequently, the presence of cross-sectional dependence is revealed by Breusch and Pagan (1980) and Pesaran (2004) tests. Whether the series contains a unit root has been investigated via the second generation Pesaran (2007) CADF unit root test taking cross-sectional dependence into account. Both FIRE and the unemployment rate possess unit at levels but when the first-difference of the series is taken, both series become stationary. After finding that the series were stationary at first-difference, the long-term relationship between the variables is examined by Westerlund (2007) ECM test. According to Westerlund (2007) ECM, there is a long-term relationship between financialization and unemployment rate. In other words, the series are co-integrated. Finally, the causality relationship between the variables is examined by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test. It is found evidence of bidirectional causality between variables. In other words, financialization is the cause of unemployment and vice versa.The results of the study show that financialization for the countries examined affects unemployment. In the financialization era, the decrease in real capital accumulation, shift of macroeconomic policies, the deterioration in income distribution and the financial crises may constitute the potential mechanisms of increasing the unemployment rate. Another important result of the study is the determination of causality from unemployment to financialization. The increasing unemployment rate creates people who are deprived of income. In the conjuncture where the unemployment rate rises, people have to use their savings or borrow from financial institutions to keep up their basic needs. Increasing borrowing through credit cards and consumer credits also may raise the share of the financial sector in value added.These results may play an important role in policymaking. Firstly, the control and regulations on financial markets should be increased in these countries. This situation is very important in reducing the destructive effects of financialization. Secondly, The speculative activities of NFC’s have to be reduced. Increasing real economic activities will create new job opportunities and reduce the unemployment rate. Finally, full employment policies should be returned.

Unemployment as a Significant Problem in the Process of Finance-dominated Capitalism: Debate and Analysis

Figen

Buket

Fatma

In the modern business world, enterprises realize the importance of human resourcesoriented activities and act with the awareness that employee job satisfaction must first be ensured for customer satisfaction. Evaluating which factors can be effective on the variables such as employee satisfaction and job performances and developing policies in this direction is possible by identifying employees’ motivation factors. For this reason, today, organizations take into account the motivation factors that enable employees high performance.&nbsp;Motivation is a psychological process that can be expressed as a voluntary action to achieve a goal. The “Work Preference Inventory” (Amabile, Hill, Hennessey and Tighe 1994) is a four-dimensional measurement tool of motivational factors. It has been cited 2146 times until today. As there is not a Turkish version of the Work Preference Inventory, the purpose of this study is to translate the scale in Turkish and execute reliabilty and validity analysis. In Amabile Hill, Hennessey and Tighe’s work, the factors of intrinsic motivation were divided into two sub-dimensions: ‘challenge’ and ’enjoyment’. esinde in the behavioral struggle. Challenge is the tendency to reward yourself by overcoming difficult tasks. Enjoyment is when the activities are interesting and satisfying. Extrinsic motivation factors are considered in two sub-dimensions - ‘compensation’ and ‘outward. Compensation is a reward or income that is commensurate with the effort of the person. Outward is based on recognition and acceptance by others.Banking is an area in the services sector where product diversity is difficult to create. The main factor that will create a competitive advantage in the banking sector is human resources. Therefore we determined the population of this study as the employees of the Turkish Banking Sector. The four-dimensional motivation assessment tool the ‘Work Preference Inventory’ developed by Amabile et. al. , detailed above, was used to identify the motivation elements of the banking sector employees.The questionnaire, which was prepared to collect data from banking sector employees, was distributed to the banking sector employees via social media by the random sampling method. While 405 questionnaire forms were returned, the analysis was performed on 338 observations after clearing missing data forms and outliers.Analysis showed that motivation of banking sector employees in Turkey has a fivedimensional structure. These dimensions are ‘Meaningful job and self-efficacy’, ‘Desire for unstructured works’, ‘Success at structured works’, ‘Awareness of success target’, ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’. ‘Meaningful job and self-efficacy’ means that the employee feels that she is doing something meaningful and valuable for herself and others and that she is competent in it. ‘Desire for unstructured works’ means the employee’s willingness to undertake new, compelling, complex tasks and responsibilities. ‘Success at structured works’ is the high performance of the employee, compared to others, in the tasks in which the requirements, characteristics, and manner of work are determined. ‘Awareness of success target’ means employee awareness of his career goals and curiosity to achieve them .‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’ means an employee’s willingness to work in jobs where what is to be done is stated clearly, and a tendency to consider others’ thoughts.The other purposes of this study are to determine the main elements that motivate the employees of the Turkish banking sector and to test the differences of these motivations in terms of demographic and structural factors of the sector. ‘Meaningful job and selfefficacy’ is identified as the most affecting factor on the motivation of the banking sector employees. ‘Awareness of success target’, ‘Desire for unstructured works’ and ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’ are evaluated as additional motivating factors consecutively. In comparison, ‘Success at structured works’ is determined as the least motivating factor. The differences in the motivation of the employees, in terms of experience, department, gender, age, education level and position are also examined. According to the analysis, banking employees with less than 3 years of experience or under 29 years of age have a higher motivation level for the ‘Meaningful job and selfefficacy’ factor; but the motivation of ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’of those under 29 years of age is lower; employees who don’t have a university degree have a high motivation in ‘Success at structured works’. According to the business departments in the study, the operation group employees’ motivation is lower than the employees of the support group; but the operation group employees have a higher motivation in ‘Success at structured works’ than the other groups; and the support group employees have high motivation to ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’. There is no difference between motivational dimensions in terms of the positions and genders of banking employees.

The Work Preference Inventory: Motivation Factors of Banking Sector Employees

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences,published by the Istanbul University, Faculty of Political Sciences
Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, of Istanbul University was first published in 1983 and since then it has become one of the most pioneering and prominent political sciences journal in Turkey. While the name of the journal was “İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi” since 1983, it has been changed as “Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences” as of October, 2017.

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences is an international open-access peer-reviewed scholarly journal published biannually.
The Journal is currently indexed by,

*Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
*EBSCO Political Science Complete
*TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Index
*DOAJ
*ERIH PLUS
*SOBIAD

Mustafa

Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)

EBSCO

ERIH PLUS

TR Dizin

DOAJ

SOBIAD

Gale Cengage

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Editorial Management Board Member

Section Editor

Statistics Editor

Publicity Manager

Language Editor

Editorial Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

<div>The Journal accepts and publishes both international and interdisciplinary articles on the fields of political sciences, public administration and international relations.The journal covers, but are not limited to, following topics:- all subfields of political science, including political theory, political philosophy, political behavior, political institutions and political history,- all subfields of public administration,- all topics pertaining to international relations: including law, ethics, strategy, philosophy, culture, environment, security, terrorism, regional studies, globalization and other topicsThe Journal publishes theoretical, conceptual as well as research-based articles concerning various aspects of aforementioned disciplines in both Turkish and English languages. Turkish manuscripts are published along with an extended abstract in English. Moreover, it publishes special issues on various themes in collaboration with co-editors from the international academic community.</div>

Aim and Scope

<a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results" target="_blank">Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) </a> <a href="https://www.ebsco.com/title-lists" target="_blank">EBSCO Political Science Complete </a> <a href="https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/dergi/detay/2196" target="_blank">TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Index</a> DOAJ<a href="https://dbh.nsd.uib.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus/submission/info.action?id=50613" target="_blank">ERIH PLUS</a> <a href="https://atif.sobiad.com/index.jsp?modul=dergi-sayfasi&amp;ID=3214" target="_blank">SOBIAD</a>Gale Cengage

Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the &#65279;<a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a>&#65279; on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent;">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent;">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

The Artificial Intelligence Policy, prepared in light of developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and practices in scholarly publishing, sets out the editorial and ethical principles that authors, reviewers, and editors should follow when using such technologies. The following sources have been considered in the preparation of the AI policy:Committee on Publication Ethics <a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools" target="_blank">(COPE) - Authorship and AI tools</a>; International Committee of Medical Journal Editors <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#four" target="_blank">(ICMJE) - Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Technology; World Association of Medical Editors  (WAME) Chatbots, Generative AI, and Scholarly Manuscripts</a><a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#four"></a>AI-assisted technologies (such as large language models [LLMs], chatbots, or image generators) can develop and produce a wide variety of content, including text, images, audio, and synthetic data. When used ethically and safely, these capabilities can increase productivity and foster innovation, but when used without human guidance, they pose risks such as inaccurate and biased results, omissions and errors in citations, deficiencies in protecting privacy and intellectual property rights, and potential violations of authors' and publishers' rights. IUPress adopts the following core principles to avoid these risks in the use of AI:  <ul><li>Details of any AI used in the production of content (including but not limited to text, figures, images, and code) must be declared and clearly explained in the appropriate section of the paper (as an acknowledgement and/or in the methods section). </li><li>No AI tool may be listed as an author in any scientific paper. </li><li>Authors are responsible for the accuracy, completeness, and originality of their work, even if AI is used in any way; they are responsible for the proper referencing and attribution of others' ideas, data, words, or other materials. </li><li>Reviewers and editors must not upload submitted work, in whole or in part, to any generative AI application.</li></ul>In the editorial processes of IUPress publications, tools are available to assist editors in identifying AI-generated content. On the other hand, it is common to use AI tools that provide suggestions for improving and enhancing readability, language, and grammar, and such AI tools can be used in IUPress publications under the supervision of editors and authors.

Artificial Intelligence Policy

<ul><li>Authors are required to declare if they have used AI-assisted technologies (such as large language models [LLMs], chatbots, or image generators) in the creation of their submitted work. </li><li>Authors should explain, both in the cover letter and in the appropriate section of the submitted paper (as a footnote and/or in the methods section), which AI tool and which version of it they have used and for what purpose. </li><li>Authors should also indicate how they used the AI tool and how they assessed the validity of the results obtained using this technology, and what aspects of the paper, manuscript content, data or supporting files were influenced by the use of the AI tool or were generated by AI.</li><li>It is the authors' responsibility to ensure the accuracy, validity and appropriateness of content and citations generated by AI-assisted technologies and to eliminate potential errors, inconsistencies and biased results. </li><li>Authors should always check the original sources to eliminate possible plagiarism, recognising that there is a potential for plagiarism in texts produced with AI-assisted technologies. They should confirm that they have checked and that the sources are original.  </li><li>AI-assisted tools (such as ChatGPT) cannot be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are essential to authorship. Therefore, authors are responsible for all material involving the use of AI-assisted technologies. Authors should ensure that all statements in the article that state the hypotheses, interpretations, conclusions, limitations, and implications of the study represent their own opinions.  </li><li>Studies created by authors using AI tools in the following ways, which substitute for the basic researcher's and author's responsibilities, violate the principles of scientific publishing and publication ethics, and such studies are not eligible for inclusion in publications: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Generation of text or code without rigorous review, </li><li>Generation of synthetic data to replace missing data without a robust methodology, </li><li>Creation of any inaccurate, synthetic content, including abstracts or supplementary materials, </li><li>Creation and manipulation of images and figures (pictures, graphs, data tables, medical images, image snippets, computer codes and formulae) or original research data (enhancing, hiding, moving, removing or adding a particular feature within an image or figure) using AI.</li></ul></ul>

It is essential to maintain confidentiality in the peer review process and not to share or use the reviewed work in this process. <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers-cope.pdf" target="_blank">(COPE – Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers</a>)<ul><li>Reviewers should not upload a manuscript or part of a manuscript submitted to them for review to generative AI tools or large language models to assist in the review, evaluation or decision-making process, as uploading content to such AI tools by reviewers violates the authors' privacy and property rights.  </li><li>Reviewing a scientific paper is a responsibility that can only be undertaken by human beings. The critical thinking and original evaluation required for peer review is beyond the scope of this technology, and there is a risk that the technology will produce inaccurate, incomplete or biased conclusions about the paper. The peer review report and decision letters should reflect the personal assessment of the reviewers and editors of the submitted content. The reviewer is responsible and accountable for the content of his/her report. </li><li>AI tools may be used in a limited way to improve the quality of the language of the peer review report (for translation or language editing) in the context of peer review. If such use is made, the reviewer must declare the use when submitting the report. </li><li>Reviewers who suspect inappropriate or undisclosed use of generative AI in a submission should report their concerns to the editor.</li></ul>

Editors are obliged to ensure that the confidentiality of the manuscripts submitted to the journal is maintained during the evaluation process, and it is essential that the peer-reviewed work is not shared or used outside the parties involved in that process. (COPE - Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors) <a href="https://publicationethics.org/files/Code_of_conduct_for_journal_editors_Mar11.pdf" target="_blank">(COPE – Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)</a>.<ul><li>Editors should not upload a submitted article, or any part of it, to generative Artificial Intelligence tools or Big Language Models to assist in the review, evaluation or decision-making process, as this may violate authors' privacy and property rights. </li><li>Managing the editorial review of a scientific article implies responsibilities that can only be attributed to humans. Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies should not be used by editors to assist in the evaluation or decision-making process of an article, as the critical thinking and original evaluation required for this task is beyond the scope of this technology and there is a risk that the technology will produce inaccurate, incomplete or biased conclusions about the article. The editor is responsible and accountable for the editorial process, the final decision and its communication to the authors.</li><li>Editors should not use generative AI tools to compose decision letters or abstracts of unpublished research. </li><li>Editors may use generative AI tools to help find appropriate reviewers.</li><li>If editors suspect the use of generative AI in a submitted manuscript or a submitted referee report, they should conduct an editorial review of the matter and consider the policy.</li></ul>

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publishers) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

The journal adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.- Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.- The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.- The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.- Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.- Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.- The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.- In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.- If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.- In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe language of the journal is English.Manuscript Organization and FormatAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal</a>  and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 12 font size and line spacing of 1.5.2. The manuscripts should contain between 4500 and 8500 words and the page numbers must be at the bottom and in the middle.3. The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the affiliation, title, e-mail and phone of the author(s) must be indicated on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*).4. Submitted manuscripts must have an abstract between 180 and 200 words (English and Turkish), before the introduction, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used. The titles (English and Turkish) of the study should appear above the abstracts. Underneath the abstracts, 3 to 5 keywords (English and Turkish) that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified.5. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords (in Turkish and English); body text with sections, footnotes and references.6. The 6th versiThe manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords (in Turkish and English); body text with sections, footnotes and references.on of the APA (American Psychological Association) reference style should be used for in-text citation and references list. For information and samples on the APA 6 style please refer to http://jps.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/content/yazarlara-bilgi/kaynaklar section in the Information for Authors.7. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title if and only if it is necessary to follow the idea of the article. the article. The title of table should be placed above the table; caption of figure should be placed beneath the figure. Features like demographic characteristics that can be given within the text should not be indicated as tables separately.8. A title page including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).9. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.10. The author(s) can be asked to make some changes in their articles due to peer reviews.

Author Guidelines

Before beginning the online submission process please make sure you have the followings available:Cover letter to the editor<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The category of the manuscript</li> <li>Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li> <li>Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li> <li>Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.</li> <li>Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li> <li>Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li> <li>Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.</li> </ul> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=siyasal_title-page.docx" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The category of the manuscript</li> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li> <li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li> <li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li> </ul> </ul>Main Manuscript Document<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Abstracts (180-200 words) both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Key words: 3-5 words both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for articles which are not in English)</li> <li>Main article sections</li> <li>Grant support (if exists)</li> <li>Conflict of interest (if exists)</li> <li>Acknowledgement (if exits)</li> <li>References</li> <li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul> </ul>Manuscript Submission<ul type="disc"> <li>Dergipark manuscript submission site of the journal is: <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal</a> </li><li>While uploading Main Document, make sure that the main document has no information that clarify the author’s identity. Due to double blind peer review, Main Document must not include Title Page, the name of author or any other detail that can disclose the author identity. </li> <li>Additionaly, Supplemental File for Review must not include any detail that can disclose author identity as well.</li> </ul>Files to be uploaded separately<ul type="disc"> <li>Copyright Agreement Form</li> <li>Permissions obtained for previously published material if used in the present manuscript</li> <li>Title page</li> <li>Main Manuscript Document</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Abstracts (180-200 words) both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Key words: 3-5 words both in Turkish and in English</li> <li>Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for articles which are not in English)</li> <li>Main article sections</li> <li>Grant Support (if exists)</li> <li>Conflict of Interest (if exists)</li> <li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li> <li>References</li> <li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul> </ul><ul type="disc"> </ul>

Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.Reference Style and FormatSiyasal: Journal of Political Sciences complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:-    American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.-    <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin, et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen, et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar, et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002</a>c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184</a>d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from <a href="http://cjnr.mcgill.ca/" target="_blank">http://cjnr.mcgill.ca</a>e) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910</a>f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867</a>g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Retrieved from: <a href="http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali" target="_blank">http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali</a>c) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from <a href="http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar%20/phd/ickapak.html" target="_blank">http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.html</a>d) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from <a href="http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htm" target="_blank">http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htm</a>g) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105</a>h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/" target="_blank">http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/</a>d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed.comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/" target="_blank">http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/</a>e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). in Fact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/" target="_blank">http://itunes.apple.com/</a>f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/FB185385BB3B497694A9126F62891BDA" target="_blank">Author Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/84226E12067142C28668127D7530EC36" target="_blank">Title Page</a>

Ensure that the following items are present:● Cover letter to the editorü The category of the manuscriptü Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.ü Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.ü Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.ü Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.ü Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.ü Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previously published copyrighted material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=titlepagetemplatejecs_636996618674881683.docx" target="_blank">Title page</a>ü The category of the manuscriptü The title of the manuscriptü All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addressesü Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax numberü ORCIDs of all authors.● Main Manuscript Documentü The title of the manuscript in English and Turkishü Abstract 180-200 words in English and Turkishü Key words: 3 to 5 words in English and Turkishü Main article sectionsü Grant support (if exists)ü Conflict of interest (if exists)ü  Ethics Committee Approvalü Acknowledgement (if exists)ü Referencesü All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences

VOLUME 26, ISSUE 2, 2017

Policy Priorities in the Election Manifestos of Political Parties in Turkey, 2002–2015

A Political Movement Stucked between Tradition and Left: (Turkish) Unity Party Open Access

Sustainable Urban Development and Green Areas

Formation of Russian Nationalism and the Russian National Identity under Soviet Rule

Examining the Possibility of an Eastphalian International Order

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