Paola

Prof.

Gaston

Ethical and Political Implications of “Performance” in a Rural Cultural Practice: Afro-Colombian Women  Singers from the Town of Pogue

Marco

Lecturer

The Ottoman Turk in Maltese Theatre and Drama: A Discussion of the Role of Stereotypes in the Theatre of a Small Nation

Fatine

Assist. Prof.

Joan Littlewood’s Post-Theatrical Engagements Beyond  Theatre Workshop: A Comparison of the Original Fun  Palace Project With the 2014 – 2015 Revivals

Mehmet

Sevim Burak’s Protest Theatre: Understanding Sevim  Burak Through Adorno

Guilherme

Aesthetics in Theatre: The Challenge of Effect Under the Skin

Verda

Öğretim Görevlisi

Studio Oyuncuları’s most recent production Io premiered on November 13, 2019, as the inaugural stage offering of the 23rd Istanbul Theater Festival. The staging of this play and its present-day text based on Greek myths challenges the mythological narratives of the West. Io is a nymph known in classical mythological texts as the princess of Argos and daughter of the river god Inachus. The play discusses concepts emanating from the revelation of biases in representations of the tragic hero Io by reconsidering the narratives based on her character. In this context, the idea of the tragic from the contemporary point of view and the political significance of revisiting myths and reviewing their functions in structuring societies are discussed via artistic performance.The playwright and director of Io, Şahika Tekand, disassembles the mythological discourse functioning as the foundation of the Western society through an aesthetic deconstruction of the myths that construct the narratives surrounding this character. Therefore, this study resorted to the theories mooted by the anthropologist and philosopher René Girard to dramaturgically analyze how this deconstruction works its way artistically through the play. Girard presented one of the most comprehensive perspectives on the functioning of myths in modern Western society, contemplating the relationship between tragedies, mythologies, and history; the social role discharged by myths; and the concept of the tragic. To accomplish the study objectives, a conceptual axis was drawn from Claude Levi-Strauss to Girard to better elucidate the stated ideas.Io asks ethical questions about human existence by associating the concept of the tragic with the blindness, deafness, and amnesia of society in the face of the violence that humanity is currently subjected to in contemporary global systems. Hence, this article examines how the notion of the tragic is handled in Io by utilizing the conceptual constructs of the scapegoat and sacrifice, components of Girard’s theory of tragedy, to scrutinize the myths of this ancient hero. The study’s rationale establishes a dramaturgical link between the play and Girard’s approach, which elucidates the use of narratives and discourses to effect the transformation of historical consciousness into a mechanism that legitimizes violence in societies. Accordingly, this paper aims to contribute to the relevant scholarship by enlightening the dramaturgical foundation of the text and staging of Studio Oyuncuları’s Io, rather than attempting to offer a critical discussion of Girard’s approach to the concept of the tragic.Io asks ethical questions about human existence by associating the concept of the tragic with the blindness, deafness, and amnesia of society in the face of the violence that humanity is currently subjected to in contemporary global systems. Hence, this article examines how the notion of the tragic is handled in Io by utilizing the conceptual constructs of the scapegoat and sacrifice, components of Girard’s theory of tragedy, to scrutinize the myths of this ancient hero. The study’s rationale establishes a dramaturgical link between the play and Girard’s approach, which elucidates the use of narratives and discourses to effect the transformation of historical consciousness into a mechanism that legitimizes violence in societies. Accordingly, this paper aims to contribute to the relevant scholarship by enlightening the dramaturgical foundation of the text and staging of Studio Oyuncuları’s Io, rather than attempting to offer a critical discussion of Girard’s approach to the concept of the tragic.Girard analyzes the tragic cycle of the system mentioned here via the phenomena of the scapegoat and victim. This perspective illuminates how violence operates via a historical mechanism. Girard points to the persecution that occurs through narratives that reveal the views of the writers of history. In directing the viewer’s gaze to this persecution, Io aims to express that violence exists both in the act of persecution and its consequent distortions, oblivion, and inaction. In the last episode of the play, Prometheus extends an invitation to humanity to claim its power and will instead of accepting the role of again becoming the persecutor in the cycle of violence.To conclude, the text and the staging of Io criticizes myths, heroes, anti-heroes, and indeed every icon that humanity has created to enable the functioning of the contemporary world order in which we live. In so doing, Io’s text and staging reveal the veiled violence that forms the essence of the Western society, proposing that real change can be achieved by a radical confrontation and an exodus from the cycle of the system.

Exiled Scapegoat Returns to the Stage: Io

Dog’s Day: Natural Folly and Subversion in Much Ado  About Nothing

Ayşe

In their theory on the social construction of reality, the sociologists Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann state that objective reality is a man-made product. Through reification, humans have internalized it as a heavenly product that has emerged without their interference. The contradiction of experiencing this world as something other than man-made while being capable of creating it corresponds to the reification of reality or its reflection as alienated. However, the intervention of the dominant power to form or manipulate perceptions of reality by attributing meanings to ideas, notions and actions indicates that social reality has not been constructed or generated by supernatural powers as natural laws are, out of the blue, on their own. On the contrary, it showcases that reality is open to manipulation and fictional because it is a result of the dominant power or view. Thus, the 1980 military coup d’état can be said to be an initiative to create a new social reality that was compatible with the interests of dominant powers, altering the existing reality via the government apparatus of oppression and ideology.Following the 1980 coup, the social reality was reconstructed per the requirements of neoliberal economic policies, which included consumption, egocentrism, image, docility and other identities appropriated by the dominant ideology. Masses that produced social practice, such as foundations, organisations, associations, unions, political parties, higher education institutions, and media outlets, were prevented from congregating through depoliticisation and the way for the establishment and adoption of dominant ideology was laid open. The individual producing the former regime’s discourse became insignificant, neutralized, marginalized, and ostracized.&nbsp;In Michel Foucault’s “disciplinary power,” the individual disciplines themselves through a self-evaluation that employs the norms of the power. In disciplinary power, individuals turn into the desired docile subjects by learning and internalizing the hierarchy, discourses of truth, norms, differences, and comparisons that are produced for them. Individuals internalize what is good, bad, true, wrong, desirable, and undesirable; who is persona grata; and who is a traitor for the regime via the control mechanisms imprinted in them through institutions such as prisons, courts and schools. This type of power is closely related to the 1980 coup that turned organizations, masses and individuals held responsible for chaos, violence, instability, and defiance against reigning power into docile and apolitical subjects. The optimal subject internalizes the realities of the new order, with their conscience monitored through the government apparatus of oppression and ideology.Memet Baydur began writing plays in the early 1980s. He produced plays that showcased the 1980 regime, which masked the interests of dominant powers and built a new social reality to construct an identity compatible with those interests. As a witness to the 1980 military intervention, Baydur aimed to demonstrate physical and mental devastation of a society that lost its grounding in reality, by addressing the predicaments, strangeness, lack of communication, and&nbsp;alienation of the individual whom the 1980 coup not only alienated, silenced, and suppressed but also diminished and made unworthy. In Sevgi Ayakları, Baydur scrutinizes the new world order as exemplified by an urban middle class consumed by egocentrism, materialism, and greed. He displays the contradictions of the disciplined individual, questions their cliché values and exposes their highbrow standing as banal and insensitive, ultimately criticizing the social reality the 1980 coup regime strived to construct. This study aims to demonstrate that the 1980 coup, having imprinted the disciplinary power in the individual and disrupted their perception of reality, is a project of constructing an identity that is compatible with the interests of the reigning powers over society through a play dealing with post-1980 individuals who are criticized for their lack of identity and memory.

Sevgi Ayakları: A Reading of the 1980 Coup through “Docile  Subjects”

Bilge

Embodiment suggests that one’s experience of the world is a result of the interaction between one’s bodily qualities and their environment (social, cultural, economic, and natural conditions). Therefore, cognitive processes, such as meaning, imagination, thought, and language, which are abstract concepts, cannot be separately understood from bodily experience and metaphysical qualities; however, they are considered as results of one’s changing activities, which are dependent on their environmental conditions. Accordingly, various theories, such as embodied mind, meaning, and reality, have emerged. Moreover, the enaction theory focuses on the interaction between perception and action, which includes embodied theories, and emphasizes that one’s mutual interaction with their environment occurs through one’s agency. In this sense, the concept of enactive embodiment expands the limit of the word embodiment, which is usually discussed in terms of the tension between the actor’s own body and the character in theater and performing arts. In enactive theories, “action” becomes the activating force of consciousness and “movement” becomes the constitutive element of meaning. This aspect reveals the subconscious bodily foundations of meaning apart from linguistics. The purposes of this study are to highlight such shift in bodily phenomena and discuss the need for a somatic approach in actor training.In terms of actor training, the most crucial aspect of scientific discourse is to emphasize that a well-directed self-reflection on one’s personal experience of movement plays an essential role in developing rich insight about others, increasing empathy skills, and strengthening intuitions. Hence, in the context of theater and performing arts education, a phenomenological self-reflective monitoring of one’s personal experience is the way through which the experience can be opened as a learning space wherein senses can be refined, new questions and answers emerge, and any technique can be personalized, which corresponds to a “conscious experience.” Thus, conscious experience should be understood as a state of being and not as a state of continuous questioning.Movement means that the moving person can visually or tactically perceive and can kinesthetically feel their own movements; in other words, movement is treated as a field of discovery wherein one can directly experience the “internal” and “external” realms through their own movements. In addition, somatic practices are widely spreading in art education worldwide in recent years. They offer the actor an opportunity to practice a phenomenology of movement. This characteristic of somatic practices differs from the investigation of different forms and situations of the phenomenon using the imagination that is observed in Husserl’s eidetic variation. In phenomenological study through the execution of movement, one may discover the relationship between the function and expressiveness of one’s own movements through one’s intention. This aspect indicates that during the execution of movement, as the&nbsp;intention changes (the intention may focus on effort, the shape of the body, a point in space, power, etc.), one realizes the changes depending on the changed intention. During all these activities, the body’s scheme is examined through developmental movement patterns, and as a result, a body image is developed. Accordingly, somatic studies improve reflective and pre-reflective bodily consciousness by developing the senses of proprioception, kinesthesia, and interoception. Therefore, somatic movement practices help performers to exhibit a truly embodied acting on stage and achieve performative awareness, that is, a special heightened state of consciousness that occurs in the performance of actors, such as dancers, athletes, or musicians.Somatic practices pertain to training the behavioral sensory and perceptual sensitivity. The actor gets an embodied experience through somatic practices by discovering the connection between action and intention, physical and emotional states, and function and expression through their own experience. Such an experience constitutes the first step of embodied acting on stage. Therefore, this study highlights the need for a somatic approach as a base of actor training to facilitate the understanding of embodied theories from a scientific perspective.

Reflections of Embodiment and Enaction Theories on Contemporary  Theater Practices: Somatic Approach in Acting Training

Hazal

In its most basic meaning, the topic of this paper, neutral mask, is a means of discovering a body state that can prepare an actor for a play before beginning to create the character and the role.&nbsp;As a start point for the actor, the neutral mask precedes the character and role building. In this context, it is an inter-space in which the actor is no longer in the actor’s ordinary body and does not yet establish otherness. Why is the actor invited into a neutral degree before vitalizing the other? What are the possibilities for the actor, of which the term “neutral” might indicate?&nbsp;Throughout the article, the possibilities that the term “neutral” and the above-mentioned inter-space can imply and the meanings they may give birth to in theatricality will be discussed in two distinct yet interrelated directions. First, the neutral state of the body of the actor will be examined as a quiet, relaxed and tensionless body study, in the sense of a state of openness and vigilance. In this regard, the relation among the presence of a tensionless body and the actor’s listening to the surroundings and others will be discussed; and it will be noted that the tensionless body, as the actor’s presence as a state of body, and as one of the main aims of neutral mask studies, never refers to a loose, non-energetic body. Neutral mask, by eliminating the face, helps the actor search for possibilities of expression and play in the actor’s body. While the existence of a mask covering the face may first suggest a feeling of being concealed, it actually broadly reveals the body capabilities of the actor. That is, by distancing the actor from the ordinary and settled gestures, verbal expressions, and movement and acting habits, the mask provides a possibility for the actor to explore different bodily opportunities.Within the acting studies, the mask gives the actor a body form and a possibility of play. Since the mask is unexpressed, it demands a body that is unexpressed from the actor. In this regard, it is a means to create a neutral state of body in which no expression and no character extension is yet formed. In fact, it was the collaborative work of Jacques Copeau and Albert Marque, that first designed the neutral mask, based on the concept of masks that have no expression used by the aristocracy during the 18th century. While this characteristic of no-expression of the neutral mask will establish the second direction of the article, the term “neutral” will also be read with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe’s active mimesis and passive mimesis as a state of inexpressive, neutrality where no character is yet formed, in order to discuss what the actor’s quest for a ground without any identity or belonging corresponds to. According to Lacoue-Labarthe, the paradox is that the more the actor is nothing, the more the actor is able to be everything. With the neutral mask practices, the actor searches for a state of body in which no expression, adjective and characteristic that might refer to oneself or another is carried, toward being able to take the form of everything. The more the body of the actor is eluded from its belongings, the closer the actor is to taking the form of otherness,&nbsp;to playfulness, to the gift of mimesis as the creative and productive or formative force. This follows Dionysos, the source of Western theater, which has no pre-established form. Theatrical mimesis, for Lacoue-Labarthe, is the ‘‘the presentation of something other, which was not yet there, given or present.”The last part of the article explores how this very neutral ground where differentiation and transformation is possible, reserves a substantial capacity for the comedy, will be also explored. In this regard, the possible relation between neutral and comedy will be based on considering the comedy potential that the act of taking theatrical form or disguise holds.&nbsp;

Neutral Mask, Neutrality, Comedy

Murat

Sami

Türkiye’de Oyun Yazarlığında Yeni Eğilimler IV

Nilgün

Assoc. Prof.

Call for Papers Special Issue for December 2024 (Issue 39)  “Theatre in Iranian Society”

Nilay

Assist. Prof. Dr.

Susan Sontag was always fascinated by the life of Alice James. One of their common points is that both women were diagnosed with breast cancer in their middle years. While James succumbed to the disease within a few years of being diagnosed, Sontag survived it. In her essay \textit{Illness as Metaphor}, Sontag (1978) referenced Alice James as she discussed the societal dimensions of cancer. In this context, the play \textit{Alice in Bed} (Sontag, 1991) crucially focuses on James becoming completely bedridden, honing in on the final period before her death. Drawing from the illness diagnoses imposed on women in the 19\textsuperscript{th} century, Sontag similarly desired to grapple with the gap between a woman’s body and mind, particularly in terms of their mental confinements.As evident from the preface Sontag wrote for the play, she perceived Alice James as a figure whose talents and capacities had been battered by societal gender norms, rendering her both physically and metaphorically an invalid. Sontag went as far as to liken her to the famous metaphorical figure Judith in Virginia Woolf’s (1929) work, \textit{A Room of One's Own}, who might have surpassed even Shakespeare’s achievements had she been given the chance to publish. Sontag is able to substantiate this idea through her utilization of Alice James’ posthumous journals. Alice keeps repeatedly quoting herself in the play. Indeed, one can observe in James’ diary entries a pervasive contemplation on the roles she could have assumed in society and the possibilities for greater freedom of movement had she not been plagued by illness like her brothers. Alice’s ability to express herself in her journals is noteworthy and showcases her enduring curiosity about social inequalities and the innovations of modern life. The intellectual debates she engages in with her brothers are indicative of her sharp intellect and ingenious mind. She harbored conflicting thoughts about having a free mind, at one point questioning a nurse about whether her mind would be as liberated if she had received an education.Alice James was deeply interested in literature and fictional works. In the creative process of Henry James’ writings in particular, she fearlessly presented her ideas to him. During the periods when she was bedridden in the advanced stages of her illness in London, instances occurred of them exchanging ideas about a theater play her brother had been working on at the time. Quoting Anatole France, she emphasized her respect for the abilities of her imagination to create both comedy and tragedy. At the points where she accepted her fate, she articulated the conclusion of her life as the metaphorical closing of the curtain. Susan Sontag’s desire to approach Alice in the drama genre is thus able to gain significance in this way. With its potential to stage the dialectical relationship between body and word, the theater had always been a primary concern of Sontag’s, and her theatrical representation of Alice James’ sickened body invites the audience to identify with her as a Victorian career invalid, as well as to imagine a state of freedom beyond the patriarchal disciplines that were imposed on women’s bodies back then.Susan Sontag stated regarding this play that she aimed to emphasize the power and limits of the female mind, believing in the mind as the safest place to venture. For this reason, the sixth scene she wrote is notably a purely imaginary journey taking place in Alice’s mind. The discourse created when describing the destination in any travel literature is always one of the main subjects requiring examination. Despite having completed a significant part of the Grand Tour on the old continent, Alice, who had never seen Rome in her life, created a narrative with her imaginary journey that also requires close reading. Indeed, this imaginary travel provides a means to experience different ways of life, as well as the repressed or unrealized sides of her identity: mobility and freedom on one hand and duality and self-division on the other. As Sontag suggested at the end of the play, nothing is vast. There is no greatness in the mind; everything fits into it, and nothing fits. In the face of the prison of the mind, infinity stretches out. Even in the realm of the mind, a call arises for a woman to traverse the streets, demanding an autonomous space in society.This analysis not only reconsiders Susan Sontag’s dramatic strategies but also evaluates the historical figure of Alice James within the context of gender conflicts. Given the insufficient exploration of Sontag’s relationship with theater and her own theatrical works, this study aims to provide a critical approach to a narrative deserving integration into the tradition of imaginary journey narratives.

I Close My Eyes, and I Travel: Imaginary Travel in Susan Sontag’s Play Alice in Bed

Aslı

Colonial and postcolonial encounters have paradoxically been effective at enriching the genre of drama and the art of theatre due to the cultural interactions between European and non-European societies. Playwrights from non-European countries such as Wole Soyinka, Derek Walcott, Athol Fugard, and Ama Ata Aidoo have gained recognition in the international arena in this context, especially since the second half of the twentieth century, while Western theatre has also progressed with cultural material drawn from non-Western cultures. Meanwhile, by writing from the margins, postcolonial playwrights have exposed the problematic processes and consequences of the colonial past and have developed liberating ideas in their works opposing the colonialist discourses. Within this context, one of the issues that colonial and postcolonial studies discuss is the sociopsychological effects of colonial oppression.Nigerian playwright and activist, Wole Soyinka, holds an outstanding position in postcolonial drama with his unique style of combining European and non-European cultural and theatrical elements to reflect his thought-provoking ideas on colonialism and postcolonialism. In this respect, this study focuses on how double consciousness manifests itself in various ways under colonial and postcolonial circumstances as reflected in Soyinka’s selected plays. This study briefly explains the concept of double consciousness as defined by W.E.B. Du Bois in The Souls of Black Folk (1903) in the early twentieth century and its more contemporary reflections in the postcolonial theories of Homi K. Bhabha and Stuart Hall in particular, exemplifying these through Soyinka’s selected plays of Death and the King’s Horseman (1975), The Lion and the Jewel (1963), and The Invention (1959).This study claims and demonstrates that, although Du Bois’s conceptualization of double consciousness seems outdated in the contemporary discourses of postcolonial theory, it is adaptive and can be explored more contemporarily and comprehensively. Soyinka’s plays that were particularly selected for this study allow for the opportunity to explore the conceptualization of double consciousness both from a Du Boisian perspective as well as from contemporary extensions of Du Bois’s ideas. Owing much to the postcolonial theories of Bhabha in The Location of Culture (1994) and Hall in “Cultural Identity and Diaspora” (1990) and “Race, The Floating Signifier” (1996), the theoretical perspective suggested in this study brings a new and expanded meaning to the conceptualization of double consciousness as exemplified through Soyinka’s plays, which reveal a variety of double consciousness experiences characterized by reciprocal interactions between the colonizer and the colonized.Death and the King’s Horseman is an Aristotelian Yoruba tragedy that presents different manifestations of the double consciousness characters experience based on their cultural positionalities. The Lion and the Jewel is a romantic comedy that shows the double consciousnesses of characters who are situated ambivalently within both colonial and traditional (especially Yoruba) power structures. The Invention is a dark, dystopic satire on the Apartheid in South Africa, unlike the other two plays. Problematizing the relation between racism and double consciousness, this early play by Soyinka enforces the idea that Soyinka has been exploring the issue of double consciousness and its extensions since the beginning of his career and that double consciousness as a comprehensive and updated term is essential to understanding Soyinka’s drama from the very beginning.This study concludes that double consciousness as a sociopsychological state experienced not only by African Americans but also by colonized people in general manifests in a variety of ways in colonial and postcolonial contexts. This study has addressed the concept of double consciousness in a broader context than Du Bois’s original use, with respect to some contemporary theoretical concepts by Hall and Bhabha. As a result, this new and expanded interpretation of double consciousness suggested in this study provides a new methodology for exploring other works by postcolonial playwrights, one which can contribute significantly to current studies in postcolonial drama.

A New Interpretation of Double Consciousness: The Case of Wole Soyinka

Ezgi

Özkul

Prof. Dr.

Traces of Kyrgyz epic sagas are prominently evident in Kyrgyz theatre. Kyrgyz epic sagas boast rich narrative subject matter, involving a diverse range of oral folk literature products such as tales, laments, riddles, rituals, rites of passage, birth, weddings, death, stories, and epic saga narratives. This rich reservoir of content serves as the bedrock of Kyrgyz theatre artistry. While the Manas Trilogy, comprising Manas, Semetey, and Seytek, remains a cornerstone of Kyrgyz epic tradition, its influence on the theatre extends beyond, encompassing small-scale epics that find their place on stage. Among these is the epic of Janyl Mırza, which features a female protagonist and is classified within the scope of heroic epics. In this study, we discussed the “Janyl Mırza” epic, a small-scale, yet heroic and historical saga of the Kyrgyz people. The Janyl Mirza epic dates back to a period when the Kirghiz were subject to Kalmak rule during the 17th and 18th centuries. Janyl Mırza has four variants. In our study, we conducted research on Kyrgyz’s repertoire theatres. Among the plays written about the Cañıl Mırza epic, we chose the puppet theatre text written by Calil Sadıkov. The text was written for a puppet theatre. It was also staged as theatre other than puppet. The play was written between 1978–1979. The name of the play is “Janyl Mırza.” At the beginning of the play’s text, a description states, "an epic drama written for puppet theatre." At the beginning of the play, the author states the type of play he wrote as "Epic Drama." This extends beyond Bertolt Brecht’s understanding of epic theatre to the epic tradition and the theatre texts written based on this tradition. Thus, we examined the subject of the Janyl Mırza text, the number of acts, characters and their functions, and their similarities and differences with the epic text. In addition, we discussed the staging processes of the puppet theatre and the cultural elements revealed in the decor and costume design. Our research reveals that out of the nine main scenes of the puppet text, one introductory scene wherein Race Girl plays the komuz stands out. The play features ten main characters and a Komuzcu character named “Irchı Kız,” who sings and provides game-related information. Incorporating songs and poems, traditional musical instruments such as the “komuz” are employed throughout the performance. Notably, the puppet plays have been staged at festivals in different languages. Our research revealed that Janyl Mirza’s puppet theatre productions have been staged internationally in different languages, including regional theatres in conventional theatrical format, beyond puppetry. These enactments serve as practical tools for disseminating Kyrgyz culture and enhancing theatrical arts. The author stated that “Irchı Kız” wore traditional Kyrgyz women’s attire, while other characters used traditional Kyrgyz clothing, “Ak Kalpak,” “Tebetey,” “Eleçek,” and “Köynök,” garments. Cañıl has a sword and a shield in his hand and a warrior’s helmet on his head. The author took some episodes from the epic but did not use the exact words of the epic. The author also referred to Kyz Saykal, another Kyrgyz epic, within the text of the puppet play. Despite Janyl Mırza categorizing the text as an “epic drama,” it diverges from Brecht-style epic theatre. Instead, it represents a puppet text derived from an epic narrative-based oral folk literature product. This work includes elements of the epic, poems, and song narration. Conversely, these epic saga-based narratives and reenactments are unique creations. Thus, the stage presentations of Kyrgyz epic sagas epitomized a genre specific to Kyrgyz performance arts, termed “Kyrgyz Epic Saga Theatre.” In conclusion, when considering works stemming from Kyrgyz epic sagas, they are rightly characterized as Kyrgyz Epic Saga Theatre. "Janyl Mırza" also stands as an example of this tradition.

Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”

Arda

The Revival of the Byronic Hero in John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger

Seçil

In this study, the concept of essence, shaped around the concepts of singularity and community by focussing on Jean-Luc Nancy’s The Inoperative Community, Maurice Blanchot’s The Unavowable Community, and Giorgio Agamben’s The Coming Community, and parallel to this, will be investigated what acting, which involves the act of creating another world, another time, another atmosphere, and another person by relating to that which is other than oneself in the construction of the role person, means and corresponds to in such an understanding of the self. All three aforementioned—Nancy, Blanchot, and Agamben—rejected the idea of an “absolute human” while proposing an alternative understanding wherein the notions of “individual” and “society” are superseded by the notions of “singularity” and “community” respectively.Through the notion of Clinamen, Nancy criticises the individual as a whole, unchangeable, and fixed, and instead proposes the concept of singularity, which has the potential for change and transformation. Blanchot claims that the idea of equalising people, which emerged with communism, corresponds to “making humans immanent to humans”. This understanding, which subordinates one person to another, is a totalitarian mentality that ignores differences and makes them the same. According to Blanchot, “A being does not want to be recognised, it wants to be contested: in order to exist it goes towards the others (...)” Agamben cautions against seeking the criterion of difference in an “essence.” Just as singularities cannot be ordered according to their possession of a particular essence, they also cannot be sublated and homogenised according to other measures of discernment. All three of these scholars point to the concept of ecstasy, which means the state of being outside the limits or outside the limits of oneself. Singularities can be opened to the community through ecstasy. Arıcı imagines that the first actor of ancient Greece must have assumed the mask of a God, Dionysus, and must have manifested him: “Similar to the way that being becomes ex-ternal to itself, the actor, through an ecstatic act manifests the God in and through the mask.”Many actors, directors, dramaturgs, and theatrical thinkers have proposed an “imagination of non-qualification” sought in the body, mind, and action as a path opening to the fictional world, into a creative space for the actor who settles in another voice, another body, constructs another space, another history. What does “featurelessness” mean for an actor? In this sense, the actor is the one who encounters and transforms themselves while transforming other(s). The actor is a traveller who is engaged in a process of creation in the real, present time with other creators. They are constructors of fiction, far from any generalisations. I intend to interlace a specific reading of essence that is formed around the notions of singularity and community with a reading of essence that mainly relates to the acting endeavour. Instead of an outlook where the act of possessing an essence is inverse and even incompatible with the idea of community, where individuality is closely linked with the possession of essence and where the arrangement of individuals leads to totalitarian outcomes and community structures, I will examine the viability of an outlook that centres around the ideas of non-belonging, dispossession, and non-qualification. My discussion around these subjectsdemonstrates that actors who can collaboratively create a fictional world and singularities can be discussed on common theoretical grounds as a “cooperative” and “synergetic” couple.

Issue of Essence in Acting on The Axis of Singularity and Community

Duygu

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

A Book on the Relationship between Fiction and Reality: Anne Ben Düştüm mü? Kurmacalara Neden Muhtacız?

Gonca

Res. Assist.

The Dramatic Sound of the Digital World: A Review on Duyulan Tiyatro: Radyo Oyunu Yazım Tekniği

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Magda

Body as a Machine: Meyerhold Between Politics and Theory

Merve

Commemorative Hospitality in Documentary Theatre:  Revisiting the Collective Memory in Genco Erkal’s Sivas 93

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Speaking of Beki Luiza Bahar: A Jewish Woman  Playwright in Turkey & Negotiating an Ambiguous Identity  in the Public Sphere

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Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy - Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi is a peer-reviewed, open-access, scientific journal published biannually in June and December. It is devoted to study of theatre and performance.

The Journal features social and historical studies, theoretical inquiries that analyze dramatic texts and production. The languages of publication are English, German and Turkish.

The journal targets national and international audiences, has both national and international members in the editorial board, and aims to enhance international author contributions. 

As of 2023, the print version has been stopped. The journal has become an online-only publication
The target group of the journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies and institutions.
There are no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles. All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University.

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Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy

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Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy - Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi is a peer-reviewed, open-access, scientific journal published biannually in June and December. It is devoted to study of theatre and performance. The Journal features social and historical studies, theoretical inquiries that analyze dramatic texts and production. The languages of publication are English, German and Turkish.The journal targets national and international audiences, has both national and international members in the editorial board, and aims to enhance international author contributions. The target group of the journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies and institutions.

Aim and Scope

Scopus MLA International BibliographyTÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM TR Dizin<div>DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</div><div> EBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source</div><div> EBSCO International Bibliography of Theatre &amp; Dance with Full Text</div><div>  SOBİAD</div>

Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy - Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct the editor will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules. <ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and ransparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research are not sufficient for being accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/972DDADE519941F8AE05643A14FC7CA8" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

1. All correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified.2. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/teddergi" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/teddergi</a>3. The submmitted manuscript must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A7ACEF8057C74B6792D2BF4BBF4D473A" target="_blank">title page</a> including detailed information about the article and a cover letter (optional). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/972DDADE519941F8AE05643A14FC7CA8" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted. (see the Submission Checklist).4. The abstracts (in the language of article and in English) must be of 100-150 words each.5. Five keywords (5 in the language of article and 5 in English) must be given underneath the abstracts.6. Extended abstract of 600-700 words is required for the manuscripts in Turkish and German.7. Quotations in the manuscript must be italicised and the citations in text must be indicated as footnote in 10 points.8. The text of the main document must be in Times New Roman font and in 12 points.9. Line spacing in the manuscript must be 1.5.10. The paragraphs must be indented 1.5.11. The title must be written with capital letters (14 points, bold).12. A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A7ACEF8057C74B6792D2BF4BBF4D473A" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone, fax number of the author(s) and ORCIDs of all authors (see The Submission Checklist).

Author Guidelines

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/972DDADE519941F8AE05643A14FC7CA8" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> (will only be sent after the article has been accepted for publication)<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/37188B7184234A8394649B837292E23A" target="_blank">Title page</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6C44A180DF8748A8B4A5F98773224445" target="_blank">Author Form</a>

Ensure that the following items are present:<ul type="disc"> <li>Confirm that the category of the manuscript is indicated.</li> <li>Confirm that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li> <li>Confirm that final language control is done.</li> <li>Confirm that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li> <li>Confirm that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with journals’s reference system based on Chicago Manual of Style.</li> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/972DDADE519941F8AE05643A14FC7CA8" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> (will only be sent after the article has been accepted for publication)Permission for non-published material<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/15312F3FEE1B46B2A6068815EBE2784F" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul type="disc"> <li>The category of the manuscript</li> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the manuscript and in English</li> <li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li> <li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li> <li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li> <li>Acknowledgements, grant supports, conflicts of interest should be indicated</li> </ul>Main Manuscript Document<ul type="disc"> <li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the the author (s) names in the manuscript.</li> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the manuscript and in English</li> <li>Abstracts (100-150 words) both in the language of manuscript and in English</li> <li>Key words: 5 words both in the language of manuscript and in English</li> <li>Extended abstract (600-700 words) in English (for articles in German and Turkish)</li> <li>Manuscript body text</li> <li>References</li> <li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title)</li> </ul>

E-mail : <a href="mailto:dramaturji@istanbul.edu.tr" target="_blank">jtcd@istanbul.edu.tr</a> Phone : +90 (212) 455 57 00Address : Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy, Balabanağa Mah. Ordu Cad. No: 6, 34134 Laleli, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Nilgün Firidinoğlu
Cover (PDF)
Full Text (PDF)
Front Pages (PDF)

Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy

ISSUE 32, 2021

Ethical and Political Implications of “Performance” in a Rural Cultural Practice: Afro-Colombian Women Singers from the Town of Pogue

The Ottoman Turk in Maltese Theatre and Drama: A Discussion of the Role of Stereotypes in the Theatre of a Small Nation

Joan Littlewood’s Post-Theatrical Engagements Beyond Theatre Workshop: A Comparison of the Original Fun Palace Project With the 2014 – 2015 Revivals

Sevim Burak’s Protest Theatre: Understanding Sevim Burak Through Adorno

Aesthetics in Theatre: The Challenge of Effect Under the Skin

Exiled Scapegoat Returns to the Stage: Io

Dog’s Day: Natural Folly and Subversion in Much Ado About Nothing

Sevgi Ayakları: A Reading of the 1980 Coup through “Docile Subjects”

Reflections of Embodiment and Enaction Theories on Contemporary Theater Practices: Somatic Approach in Acting Training

Neutral Mask, Neutrality, Comedy

Türkiye’de Oyun Yazarlığında Yeni Eğilimler IV

INFORMATION

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