Paylı Mülkiyete Tabi Bir Taşınmazda Paydaşların Yararlanma, Kullanma ve Yönetime İlişkin Hukuki İşlemlerinin Şerhi
Paylı mülkiyet konusu eşyanın paydaşları tarafından nasıl kullanılacağı, yönetileceği ile ilgili hukuki işlemler yapabilirler. Paydaşlar malın kullanımı ve yönetimi için aralarında anlaşmalar yapabilir, bu konuda kararlar alabilirler. Uyuşmazlık halinde paydaşlar mahkemeye başvurup karar aldırabilirler. Paydaşların yaptığı hukuki işlemlerin payı sonradan kazananlar açısından bağlayıcı olup olmayacağı önemli bir sorundur. Paydaşların yaptığı bu düzenlemelerin payı sonradan kazananlar açısından bağlayıcı olması için şerh edilmesi gerektiği kanunda öngörülmektedir (TMK m.695). Yönetim anlaşmalarının şerh edilmeleri 4721 sayılı Türk Medeni Kanun ile ilk defa hukukumuza girmiştir. Paylı mülkiyet konusu eşyanın veya payın üçüncü kişiye devredilmesi halinde, paydaşlar arasındaki mevcut yararlanma, kullanma veya yönetime ilişkin anlaşmaların üçüncü kişiye karşı ileri sürülememesi, uygulamada sorunların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmaktaydı. MK m.689/ son ile MK m.695 hükümleri bu ihtiyacı gidermek üzere düzenlenmiştir. Şerh ile ilgili birçok hukuki sorun bulunmaktadır. Paydaşların yaptığı hangi düzenlemelerin şerh edilebileceği bunlardan biridir. Sınırlı sayı ilkesinin geçerli olduğu eşya hukuku sisteminde paydaşların yaptığı düzenlemelerin şerhinin hukuki niteliği incelemenin başlıca konusudur. Şerhin koşulları ve etkisi hususları bu incelemede irdelenmektedir.
Annotation of the Legal Transactions of the Joint Owners Concerning the Use, Utilization and Management of A Property
The joint owners of a property can make legal transactions concerning the use, utilization and management of a property. These transactions can be contracts or decisions. When the joint owners cannot decide how to use or manage the property they can also appeal for a court decision. The most important legal problem is whether these decisions and contracts shall be binding for the new persons that overtake the joint ownership. Turkish Civil Code Article 695 stipulates annotation of the legal transactions in order to be binding for the new joint owners. The annotation of these legal transactions is a newly introduced institution within Turkish Civil Code number 4721. In practice there were many problems concerning the binding effect of the legal transactions between the joint owners in cases where the property is transfered. Article 689 and 695 were introduced to meet these needs. As in Turkish property law, the principle of numerus clausus is valid, and the legal nature of annotation should be clarified. In this essay the conditions and legal consequences of annotation shall also be examined.
The continuity of the joint ownership and the most efficient use of a property depends on the compatibility of the stakeholders with each other. The joint owners of a property can make legal transactions concerning the use, utilization and management of the property. These transactions can be agreements or decisions. When the joint owners cannot decide how to use or manage the property they can also appeal for a court decision. The most important legal problem is whether these decisions and agreements shall be binding for the new persons that overtake the joint. Turkish Civil Code Article 695 stipulates annotation of the legal transactions in order to be binding for the new joint owners. The annotation of these legal transactions is a newly introduced institution with the Turkish Civil Code nummer 4721. However, the debate on this issue has not ended. First of all, there is no unity of terms in the Civil Code and it does not explain which legal transactions can be annotated. Joint owners may make an agreement or a decision regarding the use, utilization and management of the property subject to joint ownership; they can appeal to the court in these matters to get a court decision. However, it is unclear what exactly needs to be understood with these legal transactions that the joint owners can take. Despite the sloppy use of the terms, in this review, assessments will be made to solve this term confusion. Legal transactions must be annotated in order to be binding for the subsequent joint owners. However, there are doubts as to which legal transactions can be annotated. Our review examines which legal transactions can be annotated. However, court decisions do not need to be annotated as they already have a binding effect under Turkish law. Pursuant to Article 689 of the TCC, each joint owner may request an annotation to the title deed of management and exploitation agreements. Although it is stated as an agreement in the TCC, whether decisions can be annotated should also be examined separately. Pursuant to Article 689 of the TCC, the notarization of the signatures is required for the annotation of the rights or rights arising from the agreement to the title deed register. This condition is not important for the validity of the agreement, but for the annotation. This provision shall seek the conditions for annotation of the agreement, but it should be considered whether these will apply to the annotation of the decisions. As in Turkish property law the principle of numerus clausus is valid, the legal nature of annotation should be clarified. The effect of the annotation of the legal transactions regulated in the provisions of Art. 695 / f.2 and 689 / of the TCC is different from that of the annotation for strengthening the effect of relative rights. Agreements and decisions in joint ownership are multilateral legal transactions that go beyond a debt relationship that creates mutual rights and obligations for the parties in terms of their legal characteristics. These legal transactions are those transactions that give rise to a statutory effect on the conduct of a joint ownership association. Therefore, it is not appropriate to mention the effect of debt due to goods in these transactions. In this respect, this atypical annotation created in the TCC should also be evaluated in terms of the principle of numerus clausus. Thus, a critical approach will be introduced to the annotation of such legal transactions regulated in the TCC.