Meral

Animal dung serves as a crucial supplementary resource extensively utilized by rural communities worldwide. Its diverse applications include cooking, heating, and serving as a significant building material. Traditionally, animal dung has also found application in agricultural fields. Moreover, it is utilized in disease treatment, pottery making, and various other processes. This multifaceted utility has entrenched animal dung as an indispensable component of rural life for millennia. Since the Neolithic period, people in southeastern Turkiye have relied heavily on animal husbandry, making animal dung a cornerstone of rural life in the region. Despite its significant role in daily life and the rural economy, there has been a notable absence of systematic studies exploring the uses and cultural significance of animal dung in southeastern Turkiye. While the importance of meat and dairy products in local communities is well documented, a knowledge gap exists regarding the cultural significance of animal dung in the region. This dearth of data hampers our understanding of the role of animal dung in rural livelihoods and its cultural importance in southeastern Turkiye. Consequently, it also poses challenges in developing educated guesses and developing comprehensive interpretations of the utilization of animal dung in archaeological societies within the region. This study presents the findings of a 15-month ethnographic investigation into the uses and cultural significance of animal dung in rural communities in southeastern Turkiye. The research encompassed pastoral villages across the provinces of Mardin, Siirt, Diyarbakır, and Şanlıurfa. Data were gathered from 11 rural settlements, including Leblebitaş and Murattaşı villages in Diyarbakır; Çıkrık, Eğriçay, and Ertem villages in Şanlıurfa; Kekliktepe village in Siirt; and Göllü, Soğanlı, and Kütüklü villages, as well as Ortaköy and Ekinlik neighborhoods in Mardin. The ethnographic research spanned for 15 months, from November 2021 to January 2023, encompassing observations of dung use across all seasons. Particular attention was paid to discerning variations in dung utilization in response to different weather conditions throughout the year. Weather fluctuations directly influence dung preparation methods and usage patterns. Thus, pastoral settlements included in the study were visited during each season, and regular observations were conducted to document stages such as collection, processing, storage, and preservation of dung according to seasonal changes. Information was gathered on how dung is managed and stored within households during hot, dry, rainy, and cold weather conditions. Given that the predominant animal species raised in the region are cattle, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, and camels, the study initially documented the varied uses of dung from these different animals. Moreover, recognizing that distinct socio-cultural settings can impact resource utilization in rural areas, variables such as the socio-economic status of dung users, gender-based division of labor related to dung preparation, and traditional cultural&nbsp;associations with dung use were considered during field observations. Furthermore, the collected data were compared with dung usage practices in diverse rural settings worldwide. A significant number of families in these villages face economic challenges and the consequences of deforestation, leading to an inability to afford an adequate supply of firewood and fuel. Consequently, they heavily rely on animal dung to address this issue. Despite the societal perception that using dung for winter heating is associated with lower social status, during the harsh winter months, nearly all families experiencing financial hardships turn to animal dung for heating their homes. In addition, almost all households in these villages use dung-cakes (tezek) for baking tandir bread, which they bake regularly. The majority of lowincome families store dried dung cakes to sustain their needs throughout the year. In terms of household responsibilities, while men typically oversee animal grazing activities, it is predominantly the women’s responsibility to clean barns and prepare dung for various uses. Most farmers integrate animal dung into their agricultural fields at least once every two years. Low-income families in these villages continue to construct adobe houses, where animal dung and urine are recognized as essential elements in the construction process. People also rely on animal dung for various other irregular purposes, including using it as bait in winter hunting, as a medicinal ingredient for treating ailments or for body tattooing purposes, and even as a substitute for dishwashing agents. These multifaceted usages underscore the indispensable role of animal dung in the daily lives of rural southeastern Anatolia (Turkiye).&nbsp;

Dung Use in Rural Southeastern Türkiye (Anatolia)

Ahmet

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Alper

Bioarchaeological Assessment of Skeletal Remains from A Salvage Excavation in Antalya Province

Akpojevbe

The 2008-2009 Gambia Inquisition: Old Wine in a New Bottle

Fatih

Berna

Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Calculated via Direct Measurement and its Relation to Aggressive Behaviour

Ceylin

With a focus on the case of Yeniköy (Arnavutköy, Istanbul), a village on the northern outskirts of Istanbul, this study explores the socio-ecological costs that four mega projects -the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (3rd Bosphorus Bridge), the Northern Marmara Motorway (KMO), Istanbul Airport (3rd Airport), Canal Istanbul Project (KIP)- have imposed on the socio-physical landscape. In doing so, it critiques mega projects as public-private partnerships driven by a neoliberal developmentalist approach, revealing how significantly they disrupt social and ecological contexts. In terms of settlement history, Yeniköy is an exchange village founded in 1923 by people resettled through forced migration under the Convention on the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations, an additional protocol to the Treaty of Lausanne. The village, rich in fertile soil, water, and forest ecosystems, is home to diverse habitats and rare endemic species. It also contains mineral resources, making it rich in underground reserves. The villagers’ livelihoods are traditionally based on agriculture, animal husbandry, buffalo breeding, poultry farming, and fishing. However, the presence of mining companies has occasionally provided opportunities for villagers to work as laborers in these industries. The neoliberalization process in Istanbul began especially after 1980, with numerous projects implemented or planned being strongly supported by public administration and capital. The urban space’s evolving function as a site of land reproduction has inevitably led to interventions affecting both private and public property, alongside socio-ecological destruction. These interventions, carried out under the guise of creative destruction, are significant due to the socio-ecological costs they impose on the spaces they target. In Yeniköy, some residents have been forced to abandon their livelihoods, losing forested, wetland, agricultural, and pasture areas due to these mega projects. Mining and airport construction can also be cited as sources of socio-ecological costs. While mining is often associated with industrialization and development, its relevance here lies in its connection to the 3rd Airport project. In terms of land use, Yeniköy contains sand, pebbles, and depleted lignite deposits. Previously, villagers used these water formations for activities like fishing, but these resources were destroyed during airport construction. Furthermore, sand extraction from the Black Sea for the airport project disrupted villagers’ use of the sea for swimming. Ultimately, mining activities and airport construction not only displaced flora and fauna, disrupting ecosystem balances, but also contributed to greenhouse gas emissions, potentially accelerating climate change.The final socio-ecological cost explored in this study relates to property and dispossession. Neoliberal urban policies, guided by the rhetoric of “development” and “growth,” privatize public property while publicizing private property through mega projects. However, property is not merely a matter of technical implementation; it is a social relationship as well as a legal and economic concept with unique meanings for different communities. For instance, hasty expropriation decisions for the Third Airport (Istanbul Airport) have disrupted villagers’ livelihoods through land use restrictions, displacement, and relocation processes. Even when revised decisions, such as repurposing land as cemeteries, are made, they destabilize social belonging by altering memory spaces and reevaluating public spaces. When viewed as both a social conflict and a process of negotiation, the property issue -especially in the context of decisions related to projects like Canal Istanbul- has created legal uncertainty, undermined social consensus, and strained social relationships, such as those between neighbors. On both a local and macro scale, projects like the 3rd Bosphorus Bridge, KMO, the 3rd Airport, and KIP are reshaping not only northern Istanbul but the city’s macro form. This transformation, when considered alongside southern projects like the Eurasia Tunnel and Marmaray, demonstrates that developmentalist projects, which claim to prioritize human welfare, paradoxically displace not only human communities but entire ecosystems in this geography.

Between Destruction and Creation: The Case of Yeniköy

Ecevit

Prof.

Güldem

CALL FOR PAPER

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Istanbul Anthropological Review (Istanb. Anthropol. Rev.) – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal of the Istanbul University Department of Anthropology. Published once a year in December, IAR covers empirical and theoretical research from all the subfields of anthropology and related humanities and social sciences, including interdisciplinary studies. The publication languages of the journal are English and Turkish. 

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

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The annually published Istanbul Anthropological Review (IAR) aims at reaching out to researchers from various fields of humanities and social sciences, primarily from anthropology with its all subfields, and at bringing them together with a multidisciplinary audience. IAR seeks to publish methodologically innovative interdisciplinary research, conceptual papers, and book reviews, besides case studies using well-established research methods.

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The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

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The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

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Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Istanbul Anthropological Review (IAR) – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi  is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing issued by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviours.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.

Ethics

Istanbul Anthropological Review (IAR) – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g., tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analysing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research are not sufficient for being accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A0C74FA9E8E5490CB4212A624DA674FC" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a>The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. S/he provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. S/he must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal. Reviewers’ judgments must be objective.Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and conclusions justified by the results?- Are references made to other works in the field adequate?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and they must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the reviewing process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and members of editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iar" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iar</a> and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist), <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/2692BE4371C3468A89535DEEFB74E8F8" target="_blank">title page</a>, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/BA6CFEF67757432BA0C490DA3C2CCE21" target="_blank">author form</a>, and <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E82A52FE8ED046F5A0930324DCCB3E71" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 11 font size and line spacing of 1.5. Due to double blind peer review, the main manuscript document must not include any author information.2. A title page including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address and phone number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).3. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 180-240 words in English. If the manuscript is in Turkish, both abstract in Turkish between 180-240 word and extended abstract in English between 600-800 word is required. Underneath the abstracts, 3 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified. 4. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract in English, sections and references.5. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title.6. References should be prepared in accordance with American Psychological Association (APA) 7 reference system. 7. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.

Author Guidelines

Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.Reference Style and FormatIstanbul Anthropological Review – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 7th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;In references with three or more authors, valid for the first use; (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İletişim Yayınları. (Original work was published in 1990, 7th Edition.)c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation.  McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Twenty AuthorsKalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40- year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. <a href="http://doi.org/fg6rf9" target="_blank">http://doi.org/fg6rf9</a>d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26-38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). 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(2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Retrieved from: http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalid) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmle) Master's/PhD Thesis in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.f) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). 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Istanbul Anthropological Review

IAR

ISSUE 4, 2024

Dung Use in Rural Southeastern Türkiye (Anatolia)

Bioarchaeological Assessment of Skeletal Remains from A Salvage Excavation in Antalya Province

The 2008-2009 Gambia Inquisition: Old Wine in a New Bottle

Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Calculated via Direct Measurement and its Relation to Aggressive Behaviour

Between Destruction and Creation: The Case of Yeniköy

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