Fatma

Assoc. Prof.

Thessaloniki is one of the most important cities of the Roman period. The city has a very important place in the history of Christianity both because it is an important trading port of the Balkan Peninsula and because the Apostle Paulus visited the city. The city walls built during the time of Theodosius (347-395) are another factor that increases the importance of this city. Thessaloniki is the second important city after Constantinople in terms of the Byzantine State. Slavic-Avar troops organized many expeditions in various periods, especially on Thessaloniki, which they considered a key to the Mediterranean coast, but did not achieve any success in this regard.The Avars will begin to play an active role in Eastern Europe and the Balkans, moving along the path opened by the Migration of Tribes in 558. During the mentioned period, the Byzantine State, on the one hand, was struggling with the socities remaining from the Huns and Slavs in the West, and Sâsânî in the East. Along with the entry of the Avars into Eastern Europe and the Balkans, the Byzantine State had to take measures against the Avars this time. After all, the Byzantine Emperor Iustinianus I (527-565), who realized that he could not fight the Huns, Slavs, Avars and Persia at the same time agreed to pay taxes by making a deal with the Avars, and in response to this situation, the Avars would also side with the Byzantine State in possible struggles against the Bulgarians and SlavsOn the occasion of this agreement with the Avars, the Byzantine State kept the Bulgarians, Slavs and other enemy elements under control and also got rid of the economic burden and loss of people that could arise if the expedition was organized against different external threats. However, since the time of Iustinos II (565-578), the alliance between the two sides ended because Byzantium did not want to continue paying taxes to the Avars. In the later period, the Avars did not hesitate to be in unity with the Slavs, the enemy of Byzantium. As a result of the struggles, the Slav-Avar armies achieved their goal of holding in the Balkans to a large extent and seized many cities in the region. One city would remain independent from this situation: Thessaloniki. The attacks on the region by the Slav-Avar troops in 617/618 have a special place in Saint Demetrios’ narratives.According to the narration in The Miracles of Saint Demetrios, the Avars first sent scouts who were waiting for everyone outside the walls. The kagan came later, with the majority of his forces, including heavy siege vehicles, rams, catapults, and siege towers. Emperor Heraclius (610-641) was stunned by the Slav-Avar attack as he fought intensely against the Persians and could not send any aid to the city, and as a matter of fact, Thessaloniki had to rely on his own forces. However, the stories of the people of Nis and Sardica, who had previously experienced Slav-Avar attacks and fled to Thessaloniki, created great fear and anxiety on the people. However, despite this, especially with the encouragement of Archbishop Ioannes, the people of Thessaloniki will start to protect the city. It should be noted that the siege was much better organized than in previous attempts. As a result of a number of events that are considered to be a miracle by the people of Thessaloniki but seen as unlucky by the Slav-Avar armies, the siege will result in negativity for the Slav-Avar troops. Eventually, the Avar Khan reached a negotiated agreement with the Thessalonians and left the city. The Slavs sold their captives to the Thessaloniki people. The 33-day siege of Thessaloniki was an siege that ended in failure in 617 or 618 by Slavic tribes and Avars who settled near the city of Thessaloniki, the largest Byzantine fortress in the region. The alliance established, the weapons used, the state of the people, the developments during the siege of the city and the departure of the Slavic-Arab troops from Thessaloniki will be evaluated on the basis of a contemporary source, The Miracles of Saint Demetrios.&nbsp;

A Joint Attack: the Attacks of the Slav and Avars on the City of  Thessaloniki (617/618)

Murat

Thessaloniki, the second most important city of the Byzantine Empire after Constantinople, was besieged many times by the Avars and Slavs in the historical process and was besieged and captured by the Muslim Arabs in 904.Although Arabic and Latin sources were used in this article, it would be appropriate to give information about Ioannes Kaminiates, who was captured as a prisoner in consequence of the siege in 904, and his work that explained the operations of the Muslim Arabs in detail and constituted the main source and the backbone of the article. As a matter of fact, this research has especially based on a long letter written by Ioannes Kaminiates, the author of the book named η σύλληψη της Θεσσαλονίκης / The Capture of Thessaloniki, to his friend Gregory of Cappadocia who wanted to take part in the siege of Thessaloniki and the treatment of the prisoners.The Byzantine Empire experienced a great shock when a fleet of 54 ships headed first to Constantinople and then to Thessaloniki by Leo of Tripoli, who later converted to Islam. The situation of the city of Thessaloniki from the moment of the news that the Muslim operation started, the preparations for the defense before the siege, the information is provided about Leo of Tripoli, the strategies applied by the Byzantines during the defense of the city, the siege tactics of the Muslim Arabs, the weapons and equipment they used, the route they followed on returning to their countries with the spoils that obtained from Thessaloniki constitutes the general framework of this study.However, even if there are scholars who are skeptical of what Ioannes Kaminiates wrote, especially in terms of the dates he used, most researchers agree that the relevant siege actually occurred and took place recently, according to the dates given by the author.It is evident that the work of Ioannes Kaminiates describing the conquest of Thessaloniki offers various details about the Arab-Byzantine naval technology. The study gives essential information from the equipment of combat ships to the use of firearms. It should be noted that at the time when Thessaloniki was besieged and captured, the Arabs were able to act quickly and expertly in the Aegean Sea, especially on the occasion of the island of Crete. In the end, the element of bewilderment experienced by the Byzantine Empire should also be taken into account. As a matter of fact, although the Arab fleets were engaged in intensive activities in the seas, it was not expected by anyone that the Islamic navy would dare attack the second capital of Byzantium.

The Siege and Capture of Thessaloniki by Muslim Arabs (904)  According to Ioannes Kaminiates

Ebru

Prof.

During the Byzantine Norman wars that started in the middle of the eleventh century, the Byzantine Empire lost its lands in Southern Italy and had to wage a difficult struggle in the Balkans (1081-1085). Following this, a new period of struggle started in Byzantine-Norman relations during the reign of Roger II (1130-1154). Having united Sicily and Apulia under his rule, he was crowned as a king in Palermo and became one of the most powerful rulers of Europe by eliminating all his rivals and consolidating his position. This situation, which changed the balance of power in the Mediterranean, brought Byzantium and Germany closer to each other. Emperor Manuel Komnenos maintained and made the alliance with Germany against the Sicilian king even stronger during the reign of his father Ioannes. However, the start of the Second Crusade caused the corruption of all plans of Byzantium. King Conrad III of Germany’s participation in this Crusade left Manuel alone against Roger in the West. Moreover, as Byzantium was busy with the Crusaders, Roger would not miss the opportunity to act against the emperor.Indeed, while Manuel Komnenos was trying to pass the French Crusader army in front of Istanbul to Anatolia as quickly as possible, the Sicilian king attacked Byzantium in the autumn of 1147. Having sailed from Brindisi and Otranto the Norman fleet easily conquered Corfu (Kerkyra), a fortified and strategic location, and began a long-lasting raid of plunder. Thebes and Corinth, the center of the Byzantine silk-weaving industry and one of the richest cities in the Balkans, were plundered. The captured Byzantine silk weavers were taken to Palermo. After the Crusader armies passed through Anatolia, Emperor Manuel took action to avenge Roger’s attack on Byzantium. While the Byzantine navy and forces were preparing for the battle, Venice, whose commercial concessions were increased, also agreed to help the emperor. Byzantine and Venetian navies besieged Corfu in the autumn of 1148. Enduring a year of difficult siege, the Corfu garrison finally had to surrender when famine broke out in the fortress. An agreement was reached on the condition that those in the castle were allowed to leave freely with their weapons and movable property (1149). Following this, the joint invasion of the Byzantine-German alliance against the Kingdom of Sicily was broken off by Roger’s political maneuvers. After the death of Konrad (1152) the Byzantine-German alliance gave way to competition.&nbsp;

King of Sicily Roger II's Attack on Byzantine and The Byzantine-Norman Wars (1147-1149)

Zeki

In this article we focus on the causes, the scene, and the impact of the siege of Thessaloniki in 1185 by the Italo-Norman forces against the Byzantine Empire. ‘Adventurous’ king William II, the third king of Sicily called the Good, inherited an old animosity from his ancestors and considered that the time was ripe for the Kingdom of Sicily to launch forth an invasion of the Byzantine Empire, given its condition during the period. The Byzantines were ruled with terror by the tyrannical Andronikos I, so much so that the prominent class in the Empire dispersed towards the periphery of the Empire in fear of their lives and in some cases even supported the Normans. If one were to select three different periods of internal disorder in the entire history of the Byzantine Empire, Andronicus’ term would definitely be included. In other words, Eastern Empire writhed in pain in the hands of a descendent of its savior dynasty. Nevertheless, it was still the Roman Empire.&nbsp;Looking at the aggressors, settled in Sicily, the aptly-titled Kingdom of Sicily was a powerhouse in the center of Mediterranean. A Norman power had somehow flourished in South Italy against puissance of the popes and the Holy Roman Empire, along with the Byzantine Empire. It became a kingdom in 1130 and later the pivot in the central Mediterranean by dominating Ifriqiya around the mid-twelfth century. Although its domination was short-dated in Ifriqiya, the Norman Kingdom continued to control the trade routes between European Mediterranean ports and Eastern coastal areas as a wealthy and powerful kingdom. It retained most of its power until the coronation of William II in 1166. From 1171 onwards, after his infancy, William II adapted an adventurous and ambitious foreign policy. Oversea expeditions of William II on three occasions to Egypt in 1170s had the aim to defend the Crusader States, but these ventures did not have any tangible outcome; and on one occasion to the Balearic Islands in 1181 resulted in a similar conclusion. These oversea campaigns were carried at a substantial financial expense by the Kingdom. Nevertheless, the Kingdom was wealthy, and William was eager to undertake a much bigger enterprise. The habitual conflict between the Italo-Normans and the Byzantine Empire, supported by the King’s personal grudge against the Empire was now focused on Thessaloniki, the second largest city of the Eastern Empire. The siege was successful, and it was concluded in a short time of nine days, but the aftermath was going to be inauspicious for the aggressors. The Hauteville Family that first gained visibility thanks to their fight with the Byzantines, was going to exhaust all its energy and resources due to the same reason.&nbsp;Along with its brand-new ruling dynasty, the Angelos, the refreshed Empire could face their fearful enemy. Withdrawing in front of the eager Imperial forces in the western Thrace, the Normans would have felt that this retreat was just a beginning. Indeed, the Norman Kingdom of Sicily was going to disappear from history in less than 10 years after that conflict.&nbsp;On the other hand, the chain of events triggered by the Norman attack, which coincided with a critical period in the Byzantine history, was going to result in dethroning of the powerful Komnenos dynasty on behalf of the Angelos, mostly deemed weak by the modern historians. However, the siege against the Eastern Empire is the one of most prominent signs of the Latin aggression that was going to reach up to the Fourth Crusade.&nbsp;

The Final Luster of Normans of Sicily: the Attack on Thessaloniki in 1185

İsmail

Upon the success of the Fourth Crusade, armies composed of French and Venetian soldiers, Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was captured on 13 April 1204. As a result, this important city came under Latin dominance. Following the seizure of the city, a great plunder was carried out. Then, an election was held to determine the ruler of this new state established in Constantinople. There were two strong candidates in the election. One of them was Boniface, the Marquis of Montferrat, who was the titular leader of the armies of the Fourth Crusade. The other candidate was Baldwin, the Count of Flanders and Hainaut.Boniface was confident that he would gain the imperial throne as the leader of the army. However, before the election, a bitter rivalry between the supporters of both candidates caused tension in the army. This situation led the barons and counts to worry about the fact that the losing candidate would leave the army along with his own forces. Boniface appeared to be a strong figure with a good reputation. Indeed, he was a member of the house of Montferrat, which had important ties not only with European houses but also both the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was considered that in the case of his loss in the election, a deep division would break out in the army and Boniface would leave. As this case would reduce the strength of the Latins in Constantinople, it was not desired by the barons and counts. However, the Venetians did not want the marquis to be chosen as emperor on the grounds that he was not aligned with Venice’s interests. Boniface’s close relationship with Genoa, a rival of Venice, caused the Venetian Doj, Enrico Dandolo, to worry about the privileges Venice had gained yet with the capture of the city. Therefore, he considered the candidacy of the marquis unfavorable. Then, according to terms which set to prevent the disintegration of the crusader army, the winner of the election would give the loser both the Peloponnesos and the Anatolian lands beyond the Bosphorus.Thus, the intervention of Dandolo changed the fate of the election. As Baudoin was a more suitable candidate for Enrico Dandolo, namely for the Venetians, he was elected emperor with a majority of votes, thanks to the Venetian voters.However, after Baldwin’s coronation ceremony, held in Hagia Sophia Church on May 16 1204, the marquis changed his opinion about these territories. He asked Baldwin for Thessalonica from emperor Baldwin in return for lands given to him as the consolation prize for his loss in the election. This was probably due to a family claim on Thessalonica and the fact that the marquis did not see a future for the lands of Asia Minor and the Peloponnesos. In fact, some sources state that Emperor Manuel I Komnenos had given Thessalonica as the fief to Renier, the youngest brother of Boniface. According to another account, Boniface, who had married Empress Margaret (Maria), widow of Isaakios II Angelos just before the election, was claiming Thessalonica because of its close proximity to the kingdom of Andrew II, the Hungarian King, Margaret’s brother.On the other hand, his new decision triggered a short civil war in the newly founded Latin Empire. Soon after Emperor Baldwin’s left from Constantinople, in order to establish his authority over the cities of Thrace and to avoid the threat of Alexios V. Doukas Mourtzouphlos, a conflict broke out between Boniface and Baldwin. Boniface then took Didymoteichon and besieged other cities in the vicinity. Meanwhile, he tried to win the support of the Byzantines in the region by declaring his stepson Manuel, born from Margaret’s previous marriage with Isaakios II, as emperor. However, the people did not trust his movement and did not give him support.The news about the situation between Boniface and Baldwin eventually reached Constantinople. Dandolo and the other barons, in order to prevent the situation worsening, had a meeting and decided giving Thessalonica to Boniface or not would be determined by a future council. They then sent a legation to both convey this decision and persuade Boniface to lift the siege of Adrianople. However, at about this time Dandolo heard that Boniface was negotiating with the Genoese in order to sell the island of Crete given to him by Aleksios IV. Angelos. Dandolo thereupon sent his own men along with the legation to purchase Crete from the marquis. Thus, while the marquis agreed to sell Crete to the Venetians, he most likely gained the support of Dandolo for Thessalonica.As a result, in a meeting held in Constantinople, it was decided that Thessalonica was to be handed over to Boniface. In return, the marquis would leave all places he had previously occupied.&nbsp;

The Foundation of the Crusader Kingdom of  Thessalonica (1204)

Pınar

Assist. Prof.

The reign of Turkey Saldjūḳ State Sulṭan ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāwus II (1246-1249 detached, 1249-1262 joint reign) has been a period of important events for Turkish history and the history of the Turkey Saldjūḳ State. During that difficult period, the invasion of Mongols had increased in Anatolia, three Saldjūḳ rulers for the first time in Turkey’s history ascended the throne at the same time and even the country was divided into two by the Mongols. The Sulṭan ʿIzz al-Dīn sent a message from Antalya to the Mamlūk Sulṭan Baibars (1260-1277) when he heard that the Mongol commanders came to Aksaray with a crowded soldiers and Rukn al-Dīn Kilicarslan IV and his vizier Parwāna Muʿīn al-Dīn were with them, asking Baibars for help. Yet, when he heard that was not possible, ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāwus II decided to take refuge in Byzantium. The Sulṭan boarded a ship with his family, mother, uncles, some amīrs and close statesmen and went to Istanbul (1262). Emperor Mikhail VIII Palaiologos welcomed Kaykāwus friendly. Before long, at the request of the Sulṭan ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāwus II with the permission of the Emperor Mikhail Palaiologos under the spiritual leadership of Sari Saltuḳ, thousands of Turkmen groups were placed in Rūmeli in Dobrudja. The warriors of those nomadic groups participated in some victorious wars on the side of the emperor, in particular, one may think, during the re-conquest of Dobrudja on behalf of Mikhail Palaiologos VIII. On the other hand, Sulṭan ʿIzz al-Dīn was imprisoned due to a conspiracy against the Byzantine emperor. Before long the Khan of the Golden Horde State and the Sulṭan of the Mamluks rescued him and Sulṭan ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāwus II immigrated to Crimea.&nbsp;On the other hand, Sari Saltuḳ, a historical person, played an important role in Turkification and Islamization of a wide geography in the 13th century. We have limited information about Sari Saltuḳ’s historical life as his life is mixed with legends because very few sources refer to the historical Sari Saltuḳ. In addition, various research about Sari Saltuḳ’s life and activities have been presented in primary and secondary sources, and at national and international symposiums. In this work, especially the relations between Sari Saltuḳ and Saldjūḳ Sulṭan ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāwus II as well as the migration of Turkmens in Dobrudja first historical sources and then secondary literature were brought together, and current opinions on this issue were examined. The narrations of primary sources, Ottoman historians, orientalists,&nbsp;Romanian, Bulgarian and Turk historians were given in the chronological order. In contrast with the scarcity of historical sources and reliable data concerning Sari Saltuḳ, there is a vast body of oral and written narratives on his spiritual life, his endless wars, his fantastic adventures and miracles. Saldjūḳid sources in Persian do not even mention that a group of Turkmen together with Sulṭan ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāwus II who had taken refuge with the Byzantines in 1262 migrated to the Dobrudja, and certainly not that migration was headed by a person known as Sari Saltuḳ. However, contemporary Byzantine sources confirm the migration of Turkmen. Kamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Sarrāj, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa, Evliya Chelebi also give information about the presence of Sari Saltuḳ and accompanying Turkmen in Rūmeli and Dobrudja. Orientalists such as J. von Hammer, J. Deny, P. Wittek and A. Decei about the Turkmen settlement in Dobrudja, mostly benefited Ottoman historians like Yazicioghlu’s and Loqmān’s account. From the important and comprehensive of these sources, Salṭuknāme is a large compilation that is the epic romance on the Islamic conquests of Sari Saltuḳ. Abu al-Khair Rūmī travelled around Anatolia and Balkans for many years compiling the legends of Sari Saltuḳ and creating the Salṭuknāme. In this work, the information in these sources has been tried to be compared with historical facts. The archaeological findings, tombs, old settlements and especially the legends and oral histories that have been studied in today’s research show how the Turkmen led by Sari Saltuḳ left permanent marks in the Balkans.&nbsp;

The Examinations on Passage of Sari Saltuḳ to Balkans During  the Reign of Sulṭan ʿIzz Al-Dīn Kaykāwus II

Hacer

Ottoman Turks named Thrace as Rumelia. This name was also used in the Balkans. Thrace region was the intersection of the roads connecting Asia, Europe and Anatolia. It is a very strategic region for this. For this reason, it was frequently invaded by those who wanted to take it over. XIII. At the beginning of the century, the crusaders invaded the region and captured Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. The emperor, who was expelled from the capital, re-established a state in Nikaia. However, years later, he saved Konstantinolios and settled in the capital again. Byzantine Empire IV. It lost its former power after the crusade. XIV. Since the beginning of the century, it has been attacked from all sides. Turks captured in Anatolia. Serbs and Bulgarians continued to threaten the Byzantines on European soil. Emerging as a small state in the territory of Byzantium, the Ottomans captured the Bithynia region in a short time. After that, they wanted to cross to the European side and capture other Byzantine lands. The bad conditions of the Byzantine Empire made it easier for the Ottomans. XIV. The isyna and civil wars that started towards the second half of the century put the country even more difficult. Thrace region was affected the most in this process. The safety of Konstantinolopis was endangered. The search for allies in the struggle between the rival powers against each other has led to events that will cause Thrace to be lost. Ottomans with Thrace XIV. met in the middle of the century. The Thrace region is very important for the security of Constantinople, the capital of the empire. There were cities with strong walls such as Gallipoli, Dimetoka and Edirne. Most of the Byzantine cities were characteristic Medieval cities that stood out with their military features, known as the castrum surrounded by walls. They had strong ramparts protecting these cities. For this reason, it was difficult to get them. The Ottomans applied the classical policy of siege to get them. They began to suppress the mighty walls. The Ottomans passed to Thrace for the first time as an ally of the joint Emperor Kontakouzenous. Relations started during the time of Ottoman Sultan Orhan. Ottoman soldiers went to Thrace shortly after. This situation gave them the opportunity to get to know the region. Later they started to act independently. The weak Byzantine administration was not in a position to resist this. The situation of the Byzantine people worsened day by day. The people of the cities could not get out of the castles out of fear. The farms of the peasants were plundered. Farmland was damaged in wars. The Beret Thracian lands are now barren like a desert. The peasants left their places. they settled in safer cities. Farms thus remained empty. Sending wheat to Constantinople ended. Food prices increased in the capital. Byzantine administration tried to overcome this crisis with foodstuffs brought by Genoese sailors. However, this was a very&nbsp;expensive solution. Byzantium could not cope with these difficulties very much. The people in Thrace waiting for help from the emperor were disappointed. These bad conditions they had created an opportunity for the Ottomans. This situation enabled them to progress in a short time. Ottoman conquests accelerated. Thracian cities surrendered to the Ottomans one by one. In a period of ten years, the Thracian lands were now under the control of the Ottomans. This situation caused a crisis in the Byzantine rule. The co-emperor abdicated. Constantinople was threatened enough. This place became the new target of the Ottomans. The Ottomans settled the Turks they brought from Anatolia to the Thrace region they conquered. Thus, new Turkish villages, cities and neighborhoods were established. They created new residential areas. Most of the Byzantine farmers had abandoned their lands. Turks started farming in places left empty of them. When Thrace came under Ottoman rule, the chaos in the region ended. Wars ended, the region became safe. This atmosphere of trust has relaxed the public and their fears have ended. Some of the farmers who left their places returned to their villages and started farming. With the new farms established by the Turks, agricultural lands became fertile again. The Ottomans made arrangements not only in villages but also in cities. In some cities, they repaired the destroyed castle walls. They built new ports. Cities that were destroyed during the Byzantine period were revived. Cities have started to get crowded now that they are safe. Many immigrants continued to come from Anatolia. Thracian cities have become safe, rich and crowded cities. It moved from its Ottoman capital Bursa to Edirne. Edirne also became a military base. The Ottomans, who settled in Tarkya, started to organize their expeditions first to the Balkans and then to the interior of Europe.&nbsp;

An Evaluation of the State of Thracian Cities During the Ottoman Conquest

Aybüke

Byzantium and The Avars 6th-9th Century AD: Political,  Diplomatic and Cultural Relations

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Oleg

Mustafa

Aleksandr I and the First Phase of the Rebellion of 1821

Petersburg: A Mithic and Textual Existence Beyond  The Limits of The Time

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Maja

Valentina

Osmanlı Kültüründe Makedon Şehirlerinin Kent Kavramı

Olga

BYZANTINE DREAM OF ATHENIAN POLITICIANS (XIX-XX CENTURIES)

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

The Journal of South-Eastern European Studies (GAAD) is a scholarly, open access, peer-reviewed official publication of the Istanbul University, the Faculty of Letters published since 1972.

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SOBIAD Sosyal Bilimler Atıf Dizini

EBSCO

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The Journal of Southeastern European Studies

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The Journal of South-Eastern European Studies aims to contribute to the scholarly knowledge in the field of South-Eastern European history by publishing original papers.The GAAD is an open forum for studies in the field of history and archeology. The journal, however, also publishes research and review articles on art history, literature, economics, religious studies, and linguistics provided that they are related with the history of the South-Eastern Europe. The editorial board particularly promotes papers and reviews on the ancient history and archeology of the South-Eastern Europe as well as the Ottoman historical experience in the region.

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Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of COPE and ICJME are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

The Journal of Southeastern European Studies is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), to access the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publisher) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

The Journal of Southeastern European Studies adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/938BB34F25B44DE889256E9CD3AE11B7" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing. Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. Editor-in-Chief provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.​ The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims. Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal. Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review. <div style="text-align: left;font-size: 10pt;">- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?</div><div style="text-align: left;">- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Are the methods described comprehensively?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Is the language acceptable?</div> Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side. A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageArticles in Turkish and English are published. Submitted manuscript must include an abstract both in the article language and in English, and an extended abstract in English as well. However extended abstract in English is not required for articles in English.Manuscript SubmissionAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iugaad" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iugaad</a> and it must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/05E04C0DD1F14D8CAEA1B5D00B638831" target="_blank">Title Page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/938BB34F25B44DE889256E9CD3AE11B7" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.Manuscript Preparation1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 10 font size and line spacing of 1.5.2. The manuscripts should contain between 3500 and 10.000 words and the page numbers must be at the bottom and in the middle.3. The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the affiliation, title, e-mail and phone of the author(s) must be indicated on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*).4. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract between 180 and 200 words in Turkish and English and an extended abstract in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used. Underneath the abstracts, five keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in Turkish and in English. Extended abstract in English is mandatory only for manuscripts in Turkish.5. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract in English, sections, end notes and references.6. Research article sections are ordered as follows: “INTRODUCTION”, “AIM AND METHODOLOGY”, “FINDINGS”, “DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION”, “ENDNOTES” and “REFERENCES” and “TABLES AND FIGURES”. For review and commentary articles, the article should start with the “INTRODUCTION” section where the purpose and the method is mentioned, go on with the other sections; and it should be finished with “DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION” section followed by “ENDNOTES”, “REFERENCES” and “TABLES AND FIGURES”.7. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title if and only if it is necessary to follow the idea of the article. Otherwise features like demographic characteristics can be given within the text.8. A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/05E04C0DD1F14D8CAEA1B5D00B638831" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).9. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.10. References should be in accordance with <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/5199145D628D46D3A95BFCB71AA7695D" target="_blank">Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) style 3th Edition.</a>

Author Guidelines

Reference Style and Format The Journal of South-Eastern European Studies complies with the MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) style 3th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- Modern Humanities Research Association. (2013). MHRA Style Guide. A Handbook for Authors and Editors (3th ed.). London.- <a href="http://www.mhra.org.uk" target="_blank">http://www.mhra.org.uk</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list should be in alphabetical order.Citations in the TextThe bibliographic documentation of the cited sources should be provided in footnotes including the full name of the author (first name and surname), the title of the work, city, publisher, publication date. In case of multiple citations in a footnote, sources should be separated with a (;) mark and should be arranged according to date of publication. Examples:BOOKOne author Footnote: Ömer Gezer, Kale ve Nefer. Habsburg Serhaddinde Osmanlı Askeri Gücü (1699‒1715), İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2020, pp. 109-136. Short note: Ö. Gezer, Kale ve Nefer, s. 109-136. Bibliography: Gezer, Ömer, Kale ve Nefer. Habsburg Serhaddinde Osmanlı Askeri Gücü (1699‒1715), İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2020.Two or three authors Footnote: Mehmet İnbaşı and Eyüp Kul, Balkanlarda Bir Türk Şehri Üsküp. Fetihten XVIII. Yüzyıla Kadar, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2018, p. 40. Short note: M. İnbaşı and E. Kul, Balkanlarda Bir Türk Şehri, p. 40. Bibliography: İnbaşı, Mehmet and Eyüp Kul, Balkanlarda Bir Türk Şehri Üsküp. Fetihten XVIII. Yüzyıla Kadar, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2018.Four or more authors List all of the authors in the bibliography; in the footnote, only the name of the first author should be mentioned followed by et al. Edited or compiled volume(s) Footnote: Novili Ömer Efendi, Tarih-i Bosna. Osmanlı-Habsburg Savaşları 1736‒39, ed. Fatma Sel Turhan, İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2016, p. 46. Short note: Novili Ömer Efendi, p. 46. Bibliography: Novili Ömer Efendi, Tarih-i Bosna. Osmanlı-Habsburg Savaşları 1736‒39, ed. Fatma Sel Turhan, İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2016. Translated book(s) Footnote: Barbara Jelavich, Balkan Tarihi. 18. ve 19. Yüzyıllar, trans. İhsan Durdu, Gülçin Tunalı, Haşim Koç, 3. ed., İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2013, pp. 110-125. Short note: B. Jelavich, Balkan Tarihi, pp. 110-125. Bibliography: Jelavich, Barbara, Balkan Tarihi. 18. ve 19. Yüzyıllar, trans. İhsan Durdu, Gülçin Tunalı, Haşim Koç, 3. ed., İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2013. ARTICLE Footnote: Vjeran Kursar, “Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity(ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th-18th Centuries)”, Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 34 (2013), pp. 120-122. Short note: V. Kursar, “Being an Ottoman Vlach”, pp. 120-122. Bibliography: Kursar, Vjeran, “Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity(ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th-18th Centuries)”, Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 34 (2013), pp. 115-161.Online Article without DOI Footnote: Umut Al and Güleda Doğan, “Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü Tezlerinin Atıf Analizi”, Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26 (2012), pp. 355-358. Access address: http://www.tk.org.tr/ Short note: U. Al and G. Doğan, “Hacettepe Üniversitesi”, pp. 355-358. Bibliography: Al, Umut and Güleda Doğan, “Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü Tezlerinin Atıf Analizi”, Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26 (2012), pp. 349-369. Access address: <a href="http://www.tk.org.tr/">http://www.tk.org.tr/</a>Journal Article with DOI Footnote: Steven J. Turner, “Website Statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to Measure Library Website Effectiveness”, Technical Services Quarterly, 27 (2010), p. 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910 Short note: S. J. Turner, “Website Statistics”, p. 266. Bibliography: Steven J. Turner, “Website Statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to Measure Library Website Effectiveness”, Technical Services Quarterly, 27 (2010), pp. 261-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910 CHAPTER or OTHER PART of a BOOKShort note: Emir O. Filipović, “‘Creato Regni’ in the Great Seal of Bosnian King Tvrtko Kotromanić”, A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages, ed. Laura J. Whatley, Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2019, p. 265. Short note: E. O. Filipović, “Creato Regni”, p. 265. Bibliography: Filipović, Emir O., “‘Creato Regni’ in the Great Seal of Bosnian King Tvrtko Kotromanić”, A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages, ed. Laura J. Whatley, Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2019, pp. 263-276. BOOK REVIEWFootnote: Sercan Pektaş, “Dóra Bobory, The Sword and the Crucible: Count Boldizsár Batthyány and Natural Philosophy in Sixteenth-Century Hungary, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009” (Book Review), Güneydoğu Avrupa Dergisi, 24 (2013), p. 123. Short note: S. Pektaş, “The Sword and the Crucible” (Book review), p. 123. Bibliography: Pektaş, Sercan, “Dóra Bobory, The Sword and the Crucible: Count Boldizsár Batthyány and Natural Philosophy in Sixteenth-Century Hungary, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009” (Book review), Güneydoğu Avrupa Dergisi, 24 (2013), pp. 123-125. THESIS or DISSERTATIONFootnote: Baki Tezcan, Searching for Osman: A Reassessment of the Deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618–1622), unpublished PhD diss., Princeton University, 2001, pp. 207-209. Short note: B. Tezcan, Searching for Osman, pp. 207-209. Bibliography: Tezcan, Baki, Searching for Osman: A Reassessment of the Deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618–1622), unpublished PhD diss., Princeton University, 2001. CONFERENCE/SYMPOSIUM PAPER(S)Footnote: Zsuzsanna Csiráki, “Hungarian Elements in the Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomacy during the Seventeenth Century”, The Performance of Diplomacy in the Early Modern World, Don Juan Archiv, Stvdivm Fæsvlanvm, Universidad de Granada, 17-18 March 2017, Vienna, Austria. Short note: Z. Csiráki, “Hungarian Elements”. Bibliography: Csiráki, Zsuzsanna, “Hungarian Elements in the Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomacy during the Seventeenth Century”, The Performance of Diplomacy in the Early Modern World, Don Juan Archiv, Stvdivm Fæsvlanvm, Universidad de Granada, 17-18 March 2017, Vienna, Austria. Conference/Symposium Paper Abstract Retrieved Online Murat Çınar, Dilek Doğan and S. Sadi Seferoğlu, “Eğitimde Dijital Araçlar: Google Sınıf Uygulaması Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme” [Abstract], Paper presented at the Conference of Academic Informatics, Anadolu University, Eskişehir. Access address: http://ab2015.anadolu.edu.tr /index.php?menu=5&amp;submenu=27 Other Sources<div style="text-align: left;">a) Newspaper Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">Çiğdem Toker, ‘Unutma’ notları, Cumhuriyet, 26 June 2015, p. 13.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Newspaper Article with no Author</div><div style="text-align: left;">New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Web Page/Blog Post</div><div style="text-align: left;">David Bordwell, David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post], 18 June 2013. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 9pt;">http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Online Encyclopedia/Dictionary</div><div style="text-align: left;">“Bilgi mimarisi”, in Vikipedi, (20 December 2014). Access address: http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgi_mimarisi</div><div style="text-align: left;">Alexei Marcoux, “Business ethics”. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (2008). Retrieved from <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 9pt;">http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Podcast</div><div style="text-align: left;">Dunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 9pt;">http://itunes.apple.com/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Single Episode in a Television Series</div><div style="text-align: left;">D. Shore (Screenwriter), M. Jackson (Screenwriter) and S. Bookstaver (Director), “Runaways [TV Series episode]”, D. Shore (Executive producer),in House M.D. , 2012. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Music</div><div style="text-align: left;">Fazıl Say, Galata Kulesi, in İstanbul senfonisi [CD], (2012). İstanbul: Ak Müzik.</div>

Ensure that the following items are present:<ul><li>Confirm that the category of the manuscript is specifed.</li><li>Confirm that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Confirm that disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement is provided.</li><li>Confirm that last control for academic English was done.</li><li>Confirm that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li><li>Confirm that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in with MHRA 3th.</li></ul>● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/938BB34F25B44DE889256E9CD3AE11B7" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E7DBD54686664E4CABD32B35DEDC21DE" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Grant support (if exists)</li><li>Conflict of interest (if exists)</li><li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>● Main Manuscript Document<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the the author (s) names in the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>Abstract (180-200 words)</li><li>Key words: 5 words</li><li>Extended abstract in English: 600-800 words (for Turkish articles)</li><li>Body text sections</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, explanation, captions)</li></ul>

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/938BB34F25B44DE889256E9CD3AE11B7" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/C866C80F0B094D04A18F4767382B156C" target="_blank">Title Page</a>

ISSN	0378-3863
E-ISSN	2757-9042
Period	Biannually
Editor	Mustafa Hamdi Sayar
The Journal of South-Eastern European Studies (GAAD) is a scholarly, open access, peer-reviewed official publication of the Istanbul University, the Faculty of Letters published since 1972. Publication: Biannual (April and October) Languages: Turkish, English, German, French and the local languages of South-Eastern European countries (for issues approved by the editorial board)

The Journal of Southeastern European Studies

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