A Spectre Is Haunting Digital Network: Rewriting Of Karl Marx By Volunteer Translators
Hasan Mert Demirsoy, Zeynep Süter GörgülerRewriting practices are changing in the digital age. One open science movement is the Öncül Analitik Felsefe [Premise Analytical Philosophy] community, rewrites and retranslates the ideas of Karl Marx through the tradition of analytical philosophy instead of the continental philosophy tradition that is more common in Türkiye. The community rewrites and retranslates Marx’s ideas within concepts such as alienation, colonialism, and historical class struggle. In light of this information, this study examines within its scope the profiles of the volunteer translators of the Öncül Analitik Felsefe community, their reasons for rewriting and retranslating Karl Marx’s ideas, their processes, and what the rewriting of Marx’s ideas means in today’s society. The study uses the netnographic analysis method to conduct the analysis within the framework of the concepts of online social translation, online collaborative translation, community translation, and user-derived translation content production. Following the source-target based content analysis carried out within this framework, the study applies a thematic analysis to the answers obtained from the interview conducted with the founder of the mentioned community. As a result, the rewriting and retranslating of Marx’s ideas in digital networks based on the analytical philosophy tradition is seen will not only bring a different perspective to Marx but also contribute to the democratization of the network society
Dijital Ağlarda Bir Heyula Dolaşıyor: Gönüllü Çevirmenler Tarafından Karl Marx’ın Yeniden Yazımı
Hasan Mert Demirsoy, Zeynep Süter GörgülerGelişmeye devam eden ağ toplumu birçok alan gibi çeviriyi de yeniden inşa etmektedir. Çeviri pratiğinin farklı süreçlerle gelişip farklı sonuçlar doğrultusunda deneyimlendiği dijital çağda yeniden yazım ve yeniden çeviri pratikleri de bu dönüşümden etkilenmekte ve ağ toplumunda yükselen demokratikleşme hareketlerine dahil olmaktadır. Karl Marx’ın fikirlerini yeniden yazan ve yeniden çeviren bir açık bilim hareketi olan Öncül Analitik Felsefe topluluğu da Türkiye’de daha yaygın görülen kıta felsefesi geleneğinin yerine analitik felsefe geleneğini öne çıkarırken yeniden yazım ve yeniden çeviri pratiklerine başvurmaktadır. Topluluk, Marx’ın “yabancılaşma” kavramı, “sömürgecilik” ve “tarihsel sınıf mücadelesi” gibi temalar çerçevesindeki fikirlerine yönelik gerçekleştirdiği yeniden yazımı ve yeniden çeviriyi analitik felsefe perspektifinden yapmaktadır. Bütün bu bilgiler ışığında, Öncül Analitik Felsefe topluluğunun gönüllü çevirmenlerinin profilleri, Karl Marx’ın fikirlerini yeniden yazım ve yeniden çeviri sebepleri, süreçleri, Marx’ın fikirlerinin yeniden yazımının bugünün toplumunda ne ifade ettiği, “çevrimiçi sosyal çeviri”, “çevrimiçi işbirlikçi çeviri”, “topluluk çevirisi” ve “kullanıcı türevli çeviri içerik üretimi” kavramları çerçevesinde netnografik çözümleme yöntemiyle incelenmektedir. Bu çerçevede gerçekleştirilen kaynak-erek temelli içerik çözümlemesinin ardından sözü edilen topluluğun kurucusu, yazarı ve çevirmeni ile yapılan söyleşiden elde edilen yanıtlara tematik çözümleme uygulanmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda dijital ağlarda Marx’ın fikirlerinin analitik felsefe geleneğinden hareketle yeniden yazımı ve yeniden çevirisinin sadece Marx’a farklı bir bakış getirmesi değil, aynı zamanda ağ toplumunda gerçekleşen demokratikleşme hareketlerine de katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Information being more accessible through digital networks in the 21st century has enabled ideas to be introduced not only through ideologues and limited news sources but also through new media literates, and this has enabled Karl Marx’s ideas to be rewritten and retranslated by different actors. This article examines four pieces of content the Öncül Analitik Felsefe community has rewritten and retranslated from English to Turkish concerning the concept of alienation as developed by Marx and some relational concepts Marx had emphasized such as colonialism and historical class conflict. Rewriting is one of the concepts this study focuses on and defining it is essential. Rewritings represent all factors related to the formation of the image of an author or a work in the target culture. Whatever the purpose, rewritings reflect a certain ideology and poetics, directing literature to function in a certain way in a society (Lefevere, 2004). Additionally, this research is based theoretically on such translation practices that have arisen around virtual experiences and algorithms as online social translation, online collaborative translation, community translation, and user-derived translation content production. In addition, the study interviewed the founder of the community about the community and analyzed the responses using netnographic analysis methods, which focus on virtual network communities, the users who interact with each other in online environments, and their actions. The Öncül Analitik Felsefe community is an open science community and its rewritings and retranslations of Marx has been undertaken with an understanding derived from the tradition of analytical philosophy as opposed to the Marxist understanding that is dominant in Türkiye and that had derived from the tradition of continental philosophy. This assists in the comparison for understanding both traditions better, because unlike the characteristics of the continental philosophical tradition such as literary expression and a distant stance toward natural sciences, analytic philosophy is based on linguistic, logical, and conceptual analyses that don’t make the literature an actor of philosophy. The analytical philosophical tradition is criticized for ignoring many injustices because it does not have a historical perspective. On the contrary, ideological prejudices and experiences in the continental philosophy tradition may come to the fore. This analytic and rational understanding aims to position Marxism on a more rational basis by pulling it away from the ideological and historical perspective. In light of all this information, the article will question whether the contents can be defined as active and critical by considering the production and consumption conditions of the retranslation. The article will examine the volunteer translators’ motivations, rewriting and retranslation strategies, and ethical stances, as well as whether a relationship can be established between the analytical Marxist approach built around the rewriting and translation of Marx in the mentioned community and democratic values. In order to understand the purposes for which the Öncül Analitik Felsefe community has rewritten and retranslated Marx’s ideas and to analyze the rewriting process of the community, certain results have emerged in light of the concepts highlighted within the scope of the study. The study has determined in detail the characteristics of the examined retranslation practices examined based on Anthony Pym and Yanjie Li’s thoughts on retranslation. The study has revealed that retranslating using digital networks enables the retranslation practice to be more accessible to the masses by establishing a dialogue between the reader and the translator thanks to the accessibility of the data that comes with open science, especially for a community that produces and circulates open science content such as the Öncül Analitik Felsefe community. In addition, this study has aimed to contribute to the expansion and diversification of the definition and application areas of the concept of rewriting through digital networks.
