Esra

Population aging is one of the most important demographic phenomena in the current century. Advances in technology and medicine have increased the quality of life of people, prolonging the average human lifespan. This has led to an increase in the proportion of the elderly population globally. The fact that the world’s population is aging has been reflected in statistical values. According to data from the World Health Organization, the proportion of the elderly population in the global population is expected to reach 22% by 2050 and exceed the proportion of the young population. The aging of the world population and the increasing proportion of the elderly population in our country will increase the need for services for elderly people and make it necessary to address the situation in the dimension of architectural design.As the proportion of the elderly population increases, the need for old age institutions is predicted to increase greatly. The factors of the processes that lead elderly individuals to live in institutions are multidimensional. Considering the psychosocial changes in old age, it is seen that elderly individuals’ social activity and power, social life, and interactions decrease; and they become more passive. The loss of spouses, friends, or companions; changes in the family structure; and the departure of children from the home for reasons, such as education, work, and marriage, in line with the requirements of modern life; cause the social circles of elderly individuals to shrink. In this situation, it may become difficult for elderly people to deal with housework, shopping, maintaining the continuity of daily routines, and even taking care of themselves. Housing production, which moves in parallel with shrinking family structures and rapidly individualizing lifestyles, keeps pace with age. Additionally, multiroom houses, where spatial configurations and layouts change, are rapidly being replaced by living units with two rooms plus a living room, only two rooms, or only one room. Thus, elderly peoplebexperience spatial changes with isolation in the physical environment.When creating housing alternatives in the architectural dimension, in addition to the physical competencies and other competencies of elderly people, it is necessary to take into account various factors, such as their social and psychological needs, the maintenance of the life they are accustomed to, the protection of their private life rights, the continuation of their lives in the society, and the increase in their living standards through the use of technology. Based on this context, it is essential to take into account the differences in elderly spatial behavior and perception in the design of elderly institutions and living spaces.Considering the life processes of elderly people, there are different factors that determine their quality of life and adaptation to the environment. Lawton and Nahemow’s “Ecological Theory of Adaptation and Aging” states that in gerontological terms, elderly people are faced with unlimited challenges in both directions of physical competence and environmental pressure. In this framework, the concept of adaptation, as a behavioral outcome, defines the interaction between competence and pressure that elderly people can or cannot tolerate. In this context, it is important to examine the phenomenon of space for elderly people in the process of adaptation. Old age or aging can emerge as an adaptation problem in which competence decreases and environmental pressure cannot be overcome. Thus, the discipline of architecture should take the responsibility of seeking spatial solutions to this adaptation problem.The deep ties that individuals have formed to the environment in which they have lived for many years during the aging process may be a source of stress when they move away from this environment. For example, for elderly people who move to an institution, the new environment, which they come to by choice or necessity, constitutes an unfamiliar environment. Moreover, the administrators, staff, and residents in this structure are elements of an unfamiliar social environment and can create environmental pressure on these elderly people. Elderly people may experience anxiety, worry, and uncertainty in the face of social and physical changes as a result of changes in the environment in which they live, and they may also show maladaptive behaviors toward new places.Since the 1970s, the science of aging and the discipline of architecture have been working on gerontological space concepts for elderly people in order to create harmonious environments within the range of competence and environmental stresses faced by these people. Gerontechnological design, new spatial arrangements, assisted living strategies for these spaces, and traditional and innovative housing/building/ living models are important research topics in architectural design. It is very important to create an infrastructure for the production of architectural design models that support the adaptation zones of the Ecological Adaptation Theory.Depending on whether elderly institutional designs respond to the affective and behavioral needs of elderly people, they could cause harmonious or maladaptive behavioral reactions and pave the way for the formation of high and low interactive spatial environments. The cognitive and behavioral states of elderly people depend on not only their own competencies and abilities, but also their interactions with the physical environment.Architectural design usually seeks a solution to a problem related to concrete space within the framework of standards. However, these standards are not sufficient to solve the psychological and social problems of elderly people. As such, building performance in old age institutions is a serious problem. The architectural design process, which proceeds only on the basis of qualitative data, leads to the production of spaces that are not sufficient for elderly people with sensory and affective needs beyond the usual standards, which may make them resent life and turn inward. Considering that old age is a period of change, the space should be included in this change.From literature-based examinations, the solutions developed by countries for the housing problem of the elderly population can generally be explained in two basic dimensions. The first is the dimension of adapting existing housing to the physical and social conditions appropriate to the situation, with services and care services that will allow elderly people to live as long as possible in their own house. The second is the dimension of establishing new living environments in the form of housing or institutional structures designed for the dependency levels of individuals.The solutions and alternatives that countries offer to their elderly population are shaped within their own social structures. The diversity of services and alternatives developed for the housing problem of elderly people can provide clearer answers to such problems. In this context, it is necessary to both improve existing services and develop new policies, taking into account that the elderly population for which alternatives will be produced is not a homogeneous group with regard to factors, such as dependency level, age, gender, educational status, marital status, and income level.Within the scope of this article, a report in which elderly-oriented factors have been included in the design is presented by tracing the fictional changes of exemplary institutional elderly living spaces involving different geographies and cultures in a historical process. It is seen that institutional environments developed through different models seek solutions to meet the sensory and affective needs of elderly people.It is seen that buildings are drawn from isolated to centralized environments, the sustainability of active aging in life is given importance, and connections with urban life and activities are increased. Getting closer to environments that support intergenerational interaction is important. The area and features of internal and external social interaction places need to be taken into account in the dimension of design, considering the differences of elderly users. By increasing the area of living units, it is seen that home-like design details are given importance, and personal bathroom and kitchen requirements are taken into consideration.The design process for the elderly population should be handled with a holistic approach that includes psychological, sociological, and cultural dimensions to improve their quality of life beyond creating a physical environment. Concepts such as freedom/ autonomy, connectivity/belonging, accessibility, social relationship/high interaction, and security/privacy can play roles as parameters to improve the quality of life of elderly people, meet their spatial behavior needs, and increase their ability to easily “adapt” to their changing environment.

Design of Institutional Elderly Living Spaces in the Context of the Aging of Society and the Housing Problems in Old Age

Damla

The elderly population is increasing in proportion to the young population. This is because of diagnostic–treatment method advancement with developing technology and increasing standards of living. The prolongation of life expectancy seemed positive from an individual point of view, but it also brings along various problems from a social point of view. One of these problems is the inability of aging individuals to adapt socially and economically to the general order of society. Therefore, the inactive lifestyle of the increasing elderly population in contemporary societies is recognized as a social issue that must be addressed. This problem can be resolved by developing social practices that direct elderly individuals to a more active lifestyle. One of these is cohabitation models, which support active aging and are an alternative to nursing homes.Cohabitation models do not advocate for the elderly to passively withdraw themselves from society and live within specified parameters. Hence, the architectural structures developed for cohabitation models for the elderly are viewed as socioeconomic harmonization models that enable active aging rather than as a type of confinement space. These architectural structures, which are more than a nursing home building, are designed to ensure socialization by directing the users’ behavior. The main argument of this study is that contemporary senior living centers have been developed as a type of social integration model beyond the physical architectural space.This study investigated the different architectural and sociological dimensions of contemporary senior living centers developed for the elderly to maintain their active lifestyle. This study aimed to evaluate contemporary senior living centers, which are proposed as a model of social integration for sociopolitical development, at the intersection of sociology and architecture. The research question in this study is “Can modern age living centers, developed to support the housing and care needs of the elderly population, be accepted as a model of social integration?” The research subquestions are “What are the various physical characteristics of contemporary living centers in terms of architecture?” and “What are the benefits, risks, and potentials of the elderly living together in sociological terms?”This study is thought to bring a different perspective to the literature since previous related studies have not addressed the contemporary elderly living centers, proposed as a model of social integration in the field of aging, at the intersection of sociology and architecture. This study mainly contributes to the literature in the comparison of coliving models that support active aging as a solution to aging problems and are seen as alternatives to nursing homes by investigating their spatial organizations at the sociology–architecture interface. Therefore, understanding new spatial organizations with different dimensions is thought to contribute to the development of new solutions for the fields of architecture and sociology.This study examined, within its scope, contemporary senior living centers in the countries in the yellow cluster with the highest average score among the countries included in the 2018 report of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The countries in the yellow cluster have the highest scores in the category of “independent, healthy, and safe living,” and they were assumed to have good examples and thus constituted the study sample.This study preferred the descriptive method, one of the quantitative research types, because it focuses on the case analysis of a new practice in contemporary senior living centers. This study followed the survey model design and collected research data based on the active aging index (AAI), a composite index that aims to compare the progress toward aging in European Union countries since 2012. The United Nations HumanDevelopment Index 2022, which determines the development levels of countries, report that among the countries in the yellow cluster, Denmark ranked sixth, Sweden ranked seventh, the Netherlands ranked tenth, Finland ranked eleventh, and the United Kingdom (UK) ranked eighteenth. The study population included “contemporary elderly living centers,” defined as “independent living spaces,” in above-average countries such as Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland, and the UK.This study collected data using digital resources, investigated state approaches to the housing and care of the elderly in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK, and compiled good examples of contemporary senior living centers established by private or public initiatives.The study sample consisted of Bomi-Parken in Copenhagen, Denmark; Myllymatka in Helsinki, Finland; Scheldehof in Flushing, Netherlands; SällBo in Helsingborg, Sweden; Battersea Place in London, UK. The sample included these units because of their socioeconomical and architectural good practices in their respective countries.The literature revealed different classifications in determining the structural characteristics in evaluating the physical environment of the architectural space, but this study used the spatial quality scale proposed by Van der Voordt and Van der Wegen.This study only selected the functional quality factors as a scale of the functional, aesthetic, technical, and economic quality characteristics. This study evaluated contemporary senior living centers according to this scale by creating evaluation tables,including factors such as location, relations with the social environment, access to the external environment, accessibility, efficiency, flexibility, security, spatial orientation, sovereignty space, privacy, social contact, and physical environmental conditions (lighting, heating, ventilation, etc.). The tables were compared at the end of the study.The general evaluation considered the contemporary elderly living centers in the included countries as a new social integration model for social integration/adaptation that provides independent living spaces for the elderly. Contemporary living centers, developed to address sociological problems, offer a new model of social organization beyond being an alternative space. Accordingly, architectural spatial organizations have been differentiated.This study, within its scope, revealed that the social content of the design concept developed in terms of architecture is more important, and thus, architectural features are kept at optimum. Understandably, pioneering architectural features are not expected from the design of contemporary living centers in the architectural dimension. The most important architectural element is “accessibility” in designs that emphasized the adequacy levels of functional features. Additionally, reuse and/or refunctioning is another important issue in the design of contemporary living centers. The design of the external environment is important along with the architectural design of contemporary living centers based on the assumption that the connection with the external environment enables socialization. The functions of the facilities are diversified to ensure social contact in contemporary living centers that promise high privacy and security.The cohabitation of the elderly can be realized in different models from a sociological point of view. Concurrently, this study concluded that the examined examples are not alternatives to nursing homes or hospitals. Hence, the terms and definitions of elderly spaces must be reconsidered. In conclusion, the economic dimensions of a collective life should also be rethought, since structures, such as contemporary senior living centers, are not economically accessible to everyone. The result of this study indicates that the issue of contemporary senior living centers should be discussed with different dimensions, such as sociology, architecture, and economics, with the aging population, and the potentials that are specific to local cultural characteristics should be developed.

New Spatial Organizations as a Social Integration Model: Contemporary Elderly Living Centers

Işıl

The proportion of the elderly population is rapidly increasing globally. The United Nations’ World Aging Report in 2019 indicated that 1 in every 11 people was ≥65 years of age, while 1 in every 6 people is expected to be ≥65 years of age by 2050 in line with population projections (UN, 2019). The majority of this population will age in cities with increased urbanization rates. The urban environment creates both advantages and disadvantages for the quality of life of the elderly.Quality of life refers to the difference between the life that an individual desires to live and his/her current life. A smaller difference indicates a higher quality of life. However, studies revealed that factors, such as age, gender, educational status, health (Baş, 2019; Pamuk, 2017), marital status, economic status (Baş, 2019; Gobbens &amp; Assen, 2018), loneliness, and social security, are directly related to the quality of life (Baş, 2019). Especially, economic status is an important determinant (Keleş, 2012; Levasseur et al., 2009).The living environment plays a crucial role in the quality of life of the elderly. Studies have revealed that elderly people who are satisfied with their living environment have a higher quality of life (Stephens et al., 2018, p. 681). First and foremost, the quality of the physical environment determines the quality of life. An environment that will meet the needs (Düzenli &amp; Alpak, 2017, p. 6) and demands of the elderly (Gobbens &amp; Assen, 2018, p. 102; Levesseur et al., 2009, p. 96; Yabuwaki et al., 2008, p. 66) or the existing and perceived barriers and opportunities in the physical environment (Rantakokko et al., 2010, p. 2157) are crucial for the quality of life. However, the environment should not only be considered as a physical entity but should also be placed in a broader framework of meaning, including socio-cultural, political, and economic requirements, when addressing the relationship between environment and quality of life (Keleş, 2012, p. 24). The social, organizational, political, and societal environment is extremely important in the quality of life of the elderly (Richard et al., 2005, p. 28).This study focuses on the quality of life from the perspective of environmental gerontology, which is a multidimensional evaluation of the individual-environment relationship following both intrinsic and social-normative criteria in the past, present, and future (Lawton, 1991, p. 6). However, two important issues are thought to be addressed similar to the relationship between environmental gerontology and quality of life. The theories and empirical studies conducted within the framework of environmental gerontology demonstrated that the focus is mostly on the physical dimensions of the environment (Wahl &amp; Oswald, 2010, p. 119). These studies are mainly concerned with the physical environment, as well as attempting to explain the individual-environment interaction. Concurrently, the theoretical and practical studies conducted in this field were notably centered in North America (Smith, 2009, p. 31) or Europe (Scheidt &amp; Windley, 2006, p. 106). Additionally, studies on the quality of life, which similarly focus on the physical dimension, are usually embedded in the field of health (Richard et al., 2005). These studies, which are predominantly based on quantitative methodology, considered the quality of life as a health status outcome.The relationship between environment and quality of life is limited in the Turkish literature (Öztürk &amp; Turan Kızıldoğan, 2017, p. 11), but very few studies go beyond the physical meaning of the environment (Pamuk, 2017, p. 19).The present study aimed to provide an overview from the perspective of Turkey, starting from such a theoretical and methodological sensitivity. The study examined the association of the physical, social, and cultural environment of the elderly living in urban areas with their quality of life from the perspective of environmental gerontology. The issues problematized here are attempted to be understood through the eyes of the elderly themselves.The study followed Diaz Moore’s (2014) Ecological Framework of Place approach. The study considered the importance of the person, environment, and personenvironment cohesion in shaping the quality of life, and the meaning of the environment is affected by the subjects’ meaning of worlds and thus may have subjective meanings. Therefore, the study approaches the older adult in a relational reality with his/her socio-cultural and socio-physical environment. This study used a basic qualitative research design. The researcher is interested in the following questions in this design: “How do people interpret their experiences?”; “How do they construct their world?”; “What meanings do they attribute to their experiences?” These questions aimed to understand how people make sense of their lives and experiences (Merriam &amp; Tisdell, 2016, pp. 23-24). This study has two main problems: (i) How do older adults living in Kayseri perceive and make sense of the quality of life?; (ii) How do older adults living in Kayseri experience quality of life in terms of their socio-physical and sociocultural environments?This study selected Kayseri as the environment for the study. On the one hand, Kayseri is a conservative urban place that strictly preserves cultural values, and on the other hand, it is a modern city that attempts to maximize its economic profits through the urban environment. However, this understanding ignores the social dimensions of cities and negatively affects the social relations and quality of life of urban dwellers who provide socio-cultural meaning to the environment (Ergun &amp; Dericoğulları Ergun, 2020, p. 135). TÜİK’s (2015) provincial life index reported Kayseri to rank forty-ninth. This indicates the low quality of life in the city.This study used a purposive sampling technique. Accordingly, this study included 20 people aged between 65 and 80 years. The inclusion criteria were suitability for the interview, bothphysically and psychologically, and being a resident of Kayseri for many years or being born and raised in Kayseri to capture the socio-cultural context. The study first analyzed the socio-demographic characteristics of the participant group. Accordingly, of the participants aged between 65 and 80 years, 7 were female and 13 were male. The educational and economic status of the participants is quite low. The thematic analysis revealed that themes emerged under three themes: “availability and accessibility,” “perception of self and old age,” and “change, adaptation, and conflict.”The thematic analysis revealed three main factors to be discussed. The first factor is related to the physical environment. Public transportation in Kayseri is generally adequate, convenient, and usable for the elderly. Additionally, free public transportation for those aged ≥65 years was an important factor that improves the quality of life. However, access to health services, which are perhaps the first in terms of importance in the quality of life for the elderly, is not always easy. Moreover, the difficulties inmeeting the examination fees of private hospitals, which are an alternative, may prepare the environment for risky conditions in terms of elderly health. Lack of clean and sufficient space to meet water and toilet needs is an important point that reduces thequality of life in public spaces, thereby reducing the contact of the elderly with theirsocio-physical environment. The study generally mentioned that walking areas are inconvenient, and uneven and therefore cause fall hazards. The second factor is related to the social aspect. Both ageism and internalized ageism are directly related to the interaction with the environment as a reflection of selfperception. Another important factor in the quality of life of the elderly in urban environments is the rapid change and transformation of cities, gentrification efforts,increased migration rates, and security issues. These factors, which reduce the qualityof life of the participant group, demonstrated the participants’ limited management ability. The elderly stated that they made some attempts to both the mukhtars and the relevant units of the municipality on the issue, but their opinions were not considered.Finally, the third factor is the changed understanding of the quality of life due to social and cultural environment changes caused by urbanization and modernization. Additionally, the relationship established with the cultural environment is perceived within the framework of respectability. Finally, the sense of belonging and cultural attachment to Kayseri is an effective factor in the quality of life.

Urban Environment, Aging, and Quality of Life: Kayseri Case

Melisa

Care Relations and Negotiation of Independence within the Context of Migration (The Case of the Turkish Community in London)

Şerif

Assoc. Prof.

The Experiences of Older Turkish Adults in Using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Mitigating their Deepening Social Isolation During Disasters

Faruk

Prof. Dr.

Osman

On February 6, 2023, Turkey experienced two major earthquakes centered in Maraş, and on February 20, another major earthquake centered in Hatay occurred. As a result, more than 50,000 deaths and thousands of injuries were reported by official authorities. Among the survivors of the earthquakes, which affected 11 provinces and nearly 15 million people in total, there were many members of disadvantaged groups, one of which is the elderly.In the 13th World Earthquake Conference in Canada in 2004, the elderly was mentioned as one of the most vulnerable/sensitive and least adaptable groups in the aftermath of disasters (Akyıldız et al., 2018). This is supported by the fact that 70% of the victims of Hurricane Katrina in the USA in 2005 were elderly, although only 16% of the population was elderly, or that 56% of the victims of the 2011 Thoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan were elderly (Güden &amp; Borlu, 2023). As can be expected, elderly individuals have many handicaps due to chronic diseases or disabilities, which make their daily lives difficult. Almost half of the elderly carry out their daily life activities in a limited way (Arpacı, 2005, p. 18) and, therefore, may be dependent on assistance, medication, or care. This creates more vulnerability for the elderly population in emergencies such as disasters and increases their likelihood of being harmed (Çakır &amp; Aydoğmuş-Atalay, 2020).There are many social policy practices for the elderly, who are one of the most vulnerable/sensitive and least adaptable groups. However, it has become more important where these social policies will evolve to or how they should evolve. In this sense, the main problem is evaluating the situation of the elderly in the region after the earthquake and to identify their needs. In this context, the general purpose of this study is to present some findings on the demographic structure, household type, and income status of the elderly population, which could guide social policies that can be put into practice for the elderly population in the earthquake region covering 11 provinces (Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye and Şanlıurfa). For this purpose, quantitative raw data required for these findings was obtained from the statistical tables published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) in the bulletin “Statistics on the Elderly” dated March 17, 2023. The region defined as an earthquake zone includes data from 11 provinces.In this study, the course of development of the elderly population (in Turkey in general and in the earthquake region), the age structure in the earthquake region, the elderly in the earthquake region in the context of family/household, and the social and economic situation and needs of the elderly in the earthquake region will be presented. However, it would be appropriate to briefly inform about the background of the subject, the relevant literature, and the methodology.

The Elderly in the Post-February 6 Earthquake Region: Current Situation, Needs, and Recommendations

De Senectute

Berfin

A Different Look at the Sociology of Ageing by Martin Slattery: “The New Sociology of Ageing”

İlknur

Biopolitics of the Aging Process: Representations of Aging in Alternative and Mainstream Media

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

Merve

Büşra

Res. Assist.

In our contemporary world, characterized by a rapidly aging population, the need for social and cultural adaptation alongside the preparation of health and social systems for aging and old age has become increasingly evident. With society witnessing a growing number of older individuals, new social issues are emerging, necessitating attention and proactive solutions. Among this landscape, the societal perceptions of the older adults, old age, and aging have gained significance, highlighting the crucial role of the media as a powerful tool of representation. The media, as a medium shaping collective understanding, attitudes, and behaviors, holds considerable sway in framing discussions on aging. It is imperative to underscore the representation of the older adults in media narratives, given its profound impact on societal perceptions.Given that media representations not only reflect but also shape social attitudes and behaviors, the rising prominence of aging underscores the urgency of examining how aging is portrayed in the media. Compounding this urgency is the prevailing trend of predominantly negative portrayals of old age and aging in media content. Across various media formats, such as films, TV series, news broadcasting, and advertisements, a pervasive narrative emerges, in which the older adults and aging are associated with loneliness, helplessness, neglect, obsolescence, weakness, and fatigue. These depictions collectively paint aging as an undesirable stage of life, old age as a period devoid of vitality, and the older adults as burdensome or inconveniences, thereby perpetuating ageism.Based on the recognition that media portrayals of the older adults are often incomplete and mostly negative, this study embarks on a quest for a positive depiction of aging. Within this framework, the focus is directly on scrutinizing the portrayal of old age in films honored by the inaugural short film competition organized by the 65+ Elderly Rights Association. The Association, guided by its mission to advocate for “a healthy and dignified old age for all, fostering intergenerational solidarity, and shaping social policies through research, pioneering initiatives, and constructive dialogs” (Yaşlı Hakları Derneği, n. d.), sets the stage for this exploration.The primary objective of this study is to challenge the prevailing negative representations of aging in the media by exploring alternative narratives that may emerge. Employing a blend of visual sociology and qualitative research methodologies, this study adopts a multifaceted approach. Specifically, it conducts content analysis on the short films showcased in the aforementioned competition held in 2015 by the 65+ Elderly Rights Association. The firms under scrutiny include “Altın Kızlar,” “Misafir,” “Lübbeyin Yaşlıları,” “Deneyim,” “Bir Anı,” and “Üreten Yaş Almaz.” In addition, this study delves into the perceptions and intentions of the directors behind these films through in-depth interviews. These interviews serve as a means for gathering insights into how aging and the older adults are depicted within the realm of cinema. By doing so, the study endeavors to probe the extent, to which they possess the potential to transcend prevalent negative stereotypes.A comprehensive dataset comprising five interviews, six films, and researchers’ field notes forms the backbone of this investigation. Methodologically, the analysis unfolds systematically. First, each researcher examines all submissions to the competition. Subsequently, the awarded films were viewed multiple times, with particular attention paid to scenes that illuminate the portrayal of older adults’ characters. Screenshots capturing these significant moments are scrutinized and dissected for deeper insights. The research then transitions to conducting in-depth interviews with the directors of award-winning films. Employing a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the researchers, the interviews are structured around emergent themes gleaned from the film analyses.Among the firms scrutinized, two were documentaries, one was a fiction narrative, and three were public service announcements. Notably, “The Golden Girls,” recipient of the first prize in the short film category, is a documentary offering an intimate glimpse into the lives of two cohabiting sisters. Through a blend of personal narratives recounted by the sisters themselves and interspersed imagery capturing their present reality, the film gracefully weaves past and present. Securing the second prize, “The Guest” presents a fictional narrative centered around a woman seeking refuge from war, and finding solace in her nephew’s household. Within this narrative, she navigates her new environment, learning Turkish from the household’s child and engaging in domestic activities such as knitting and cooking. Noteworthy is the portrayal of the older adults’ characters as migrants, which adds layers of complexity to their depiction.“Lübbeyin Yaşlıları,” clinching third place, stands as a documentary chronicling the lives of older adults’ inhabitants clinging to their roots in the abandoned village of Lübbey. Here, the film offers a poignant portrayal of resilience in desolation, shedding light on the steadfastness of those who choose to remain in a place forgotten by time. Within the realm of public service announcements, the thematic messages “Aging is experience,” “The spirit never gets old,” and “The productive never gets old” are conveyed. These messages serve to uplift and challenge prevailing stereotypes surrounding aging, advocating for a more inclusive and affirming perspective. Upon analysis, the representations of the older adults within the visual content can be categorized as follows: (1) Self-sufficient Older Adults Representation; (2) Learning, Teaching, and Harmonious Older Adults Representation; (3) Time-resisting, Active Older Adults Representation; (4) Experienced, Sporty, Healthy Older Adults Representation; (5) Older Adults Representation at Peace with Youth, Ageless in Spirit; and (6) Productive Older Adults Representation.&nbsp;In summary, the six ranked films under scrutiny demonstrate representations that generally align with the profile of the older adults as defined by the competition committee. These ranked films depict an active portrayal of old age that is both “healthy and appreciated by everyone,” showcasing resilience in overcoming obstacles and struggles. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the stipulation outlined by the competition, requiring films to contain accurate information and convey positive messages (Yaşlı Hakları Derneği, 2015), was duly met by the directors. Contrasting the representations of old age in the ranked films with those that were not cut reveals a starting contradiction: while the former exude themes of vitality and resilience, the latter are often adorned with motifs of affection, helplessness, and poverty. This stark contrast underscores the positive portrayal of old age in the ranked films. Examining the narratives within these films, it becomes evident that the depiction of old age is not utopian but rather realistic, authentic, and affirmative. This genuine portrayal, rooted in social reality, offers a refreshing alternative to the prevalent negative portrayals of the older adults pervasive in the media. Thus, the short films discussed in this study contrast the representation of self-sufficient older adults against that of the orphaned, helpless, and dependent (Apak &amp; Aka, 2020; Yoğurtçu, 2019) portrayed in mainstream media; the portrayal of tech-savvy seniors against those depicted as lagging technological advancements (Coşkun &amp; Kaymak, 2022), resistant to innovation (Demir, 2017); the depiction of socially engaged older adults against those portrayed as isolated, marginalized (Kuruoğlu &amp; Salman, 2017), grumpy (Apak &amp; Aka, 2020), and prejudiced (Hummert, 1990); the portrayal of active and productive older adults against those depicted as retired (Apak &amp; Aka, 2020), poor, barely getting by, having lost the potential to contribute to society (Yoğurtçu, 2019), deemed unproductive (Demir, 2017); the depiction of wise and experienced older adults against those portrayed as senile (Apak &amp; Aka, 2020; Demir, 2017), slow thinking (Hummert, 1990); and the portrayal of healthy, athletic older adults against those depicted as sick, dying (Kuruoğlu &amp; Salman, 2017), bedridden, disabled, tired (Apak &amp; Aka, 2020), vulnerable (Yoğurtçu, 2019); against the portrayal of anxious, and despairing (Hummert, 1990), depressed (Kılınç &amp; Uztağ, 2016), thus offering an alternative narrative of older adults at peace with their age.These alternatives hold significant therapeutic potential for aging societies and warrant encouragement accordingly. Given the influence of media portrayals on individuals’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, a positive representation of older individuals can foster community bonds and enhance individual well-being. However, a major barrier to this is the market-driven nature of the media sector. This study underscores that representations of older people in media are often shaped by the preferences of content producers, depicted by market forces rather than genuine perceptions.&nbsp;When examining studies on the portrayal of older individuals in literature, it becomes evident that “negative” representations often dominate the media landscape. Conversely, films awarded in competitions tend to offer more positive depictions of aging. Notably, most of these films are specifically produced for competitions that celebrate old age, influencing their content and reception. However, the media industry operates under market-driven principles, prioritizing products that are “commercially viable.” This dynamic often shapes directorial preferences to align with market expectations. Previous research indicates a focus within the media industry on appealing to the “youth market” (Carrigan &amp; Szmigin, 1999), despite demographic trends indicating an aging population. The findings of this study corroborate this trend. Despite the industry’s marketing-driven approach, addressing the need for more humane and positive portrayals of older individuals in our aging society remains challenging. This issue warrants further research and consideration.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Representation of the Older Adults in the Media: Examples from an Old Age-Themed Short Film Competition

Elif

The rapid growth and aging of the world’s population pose considerable challenges. While in primitive times, only a fraction of the population reached old age, in modern times, the majority attaining old age raises multifaceted concerns. Consequently, interest in aging studies has increased globally, causing new disciplines such as gerontology and the development of new social theories. Among these, activity theory stands out, dominating much of the Turkish literature. However, this approach overlooks the crucial aspects of aging. Consequently, critical examinations of the political economy of aging are increasingly capturing the attention of scholars. Carroll Estes emerges as a leading figure among these critical theorists. With a distinguished academic career, Estes has delved into Social Security and Medicare policy, healthcare reform, long-term care, and the economic and health security of older women. Recognized as a pioneering scholar in the fields of “political economy of aging” and “critical gerontology” Estes and his theories remain largely absent in Turkish aging literature. Thus, this article aims to bridge this gap by introducing Estes’ theories to Turkish academia. Estes has made notable contributions to the aging literature, with his theoretical models and concepts representing seminal works in the field. This article presents Estes’ model and concepts comprehensively for the first time in Turkish aging literature. For example, Estes’ concept of the “aging enterprise” has been translated into Turkish as “elderly care initiatives” and incorporated into Turkish discourse. Thus, Estes’ model emerges as a valuable resource awaiting exploration, particularly within disciplines such as social policies and services.Understanding the fundamental concepts proposed by Estes is essential for fully understanding his ideas and contributions. However, delving into these concepts necessitates not only understanding the phenomena they address but also discerning the motives driving their formulation. Hence, our article briefly incorporates the main points emphasized by the political economy theory that forms Estes’s theoretical framework. Political economy theory treats aging through the lens of interwoven connections between the macro-level, social dynamics, intermediate-level organizational and institutional, and micro-level individual experiences (Estes, 1979).At the heart of Estes’ model lies the public/citizen. Power dynamics among the state, postindustrial capitalism, and gender systems, entailing bidirectional relationships, unfold within the framework of “interlocking systems of oppression” (Collins, 1990, p. 225) stemming from gender, social class, and racial and ethnic statuses across life (Dressel et al., 1997, p. 583; Estes, 2001, p. 2). Moreover, Estes perceives ideology as the main framing element enveloping other concepts in defining aging and shaping policy responses to aging within society (Estes, 2001, p. 2). Employing this model of political economy theory, Estes constructs a theoretical framework of social policy and aging. However, he incorporates additional analytical levels, namely the “medical&nbsp;industrial complex” and “elderly care initiatives” into the framework. These elements emerge as products of and intersect with the relationships among postindustrial capitalism, the state, and gender systems while focusing on the citizen/public. Consequently, the model expands to include a fifth level (Estes, 2001, p. 3).Est’s’ model of social policy and aging offers a multilayered analytical framework that addresses the intricate, conflicting, and competitive relationships among postindustrial capitalism, the state, and the gender/sex system, which in turn shape and sustain the medical-industrial complex and elderly care initiatives. Viewed through a conflict theory perspective, the model acknowledges and attempts to illustrate the ongoing struggle among its actors, underscoring the important role politics plays in determining the extent to which one actor can assert dominance and control over others (Estes, 2001, pp. 3–4).According to Estes, ideologies wield substantial power in shaping, modifying, and implementing social policies. Particularly, the twin ideologies of neoliberalism and neoconservatism have proven highly effective in efforts to drastically transform Social Security and Medicare programs (Estes, 2001, p. 102). Neoconservative ideology, influential in social policy formulation, exerts notable influence on the sociocultural sphere, giving rise to motivational crises such as exacerbating gender conflicts and imposing emotional pressures regarding familial responsibilities (Estes, 2001, p. 102). In this context, neoliberal ideology limits economic policies to inherently pro-market actions, while neoconservative ideology limits the nature and scope of actions within the traditional family structure (Therborn, 1980, pp. 97–100).In Estes’ model, the subsequent link after the overarching ideology involves class, race/ethnicity, gender, and age. These elements are viewed as interlocking systems of oppression arising from conflicts and stratification within the social structure (Collins, 1990; Estes, 2001, p. 13). Social class, race/ethnicity, and gender are directly correlated with the resources accessible to individuals in old age, both due to their status as interlocking systems of oppression at the macro level and their intersectionality at the micro level (Estes, 2001, p. 13).Within Estes’ theoretical framework, the examination of the state revolves around its capacity to (a) allocate and distribute scarce resources, (b) mediate between various societal segments and classes, and (c) address conditions potentially threatening social order. Analyzing public policies governing resource allocation and distribution for older citizens by the state is crucial. This transcends mere considerations of resource availability for social spending. Estes underscores the tangible and perceived ramifications of allocating an increasing share of resources to the elderly on business, economic growth, industry, and industrial relations (Estes, 2001, p. 7).&nbsp;In Este’’ theoretical constructs, postindustrial capitalism, and its linked globalization hold important positions within the political economy of aging. Estes finds a strong relationship between aging and postindustrial capitalism/globalization. He examines how these phenomena, along with informationalism, shape the lives of older individuals, establishing a relationship between macro- and micro-structures (Estes, 2001, p. 4).The inclusion of the sex/gender system marks a new addition to the political economy discourse. While previous studies have explored gender’s role at individual and policy levels, its incorporation as a key institutional force in explaining social policy on aging is new (Estes, 2001, p. 8). Estes offers two primary reasons for integrating gender into the theoretical model: First, the increasing proportion of women within the elderly population. Second, women’s greater dependency on the state compared with men, persists across the lifespan regardless of age (Estes, 2001, p. 121). Estes posits that gender differences in the aging experience stem from the entrenched role of gender within social and political structures.The concept of citizen/public, central to Estes’ theoretical framework, draws upon critical literature asserting the absence of a universally and equitably shared experience of citizenship (Estes, 2001, p. 10). According to Estes, the fundamental issue surrounding citizenship lies in the dichotomy between capitalism and democracy within capitalist democracies, engendering tension and contradiction (Estes, 2001, p. 10). Citizenship, Estes argues, embodies both economic and political dimensions, as the life opportunities offered by states to their citizens are largely based on labor force participation and property ownership.Understanding aging and social policy requires attention to two overlapping and mutually reinforcing structural arrangements: the medical-industrial complex and elder care initiatives. The medical-industrial complex comprises a highly stratified and expansive healthcare sector dominated by multibillion-dollar corporations (Estes et al., 2001, pp. 165–166). Coined by Estes in 1979 (p. 2), the term “aging enterprise” resides within the confines of the medical-industrial complex, yet extends beyond healthcare to encompass governmental and institutional actions across all facets related to aging. Conversely, aging initiatives generally focus on the relationship between social policy and the circumstances and requirements of older individuals (Estes et al., 2001, p. 167). Estes posits that at the heart of both the medical-industrial complex and the aging initiative lies the commodification of health, wherein healthcare and the needs of the elderly, along with other societal needs, are transformed into commodities for specific economic markets (Estes, 1979). Consequently, both capitalist capital and governments perceive healthcare and elderly services as economic products rather than social goods.&nbsp;The crisis of the welfare state precipitated by postindustrial capitalism, globalization, and technological advancement has resulted in old age being perceived as a financial burden on public expenditure. While solutions such as “extending the retirement age” and promoting “active aging” have been proposed for the aging population, they have proven insufficient in comprehensively addressing the issue. This inadequacy has spurred an increased interest in critical theory, with old age emerging as a focal point within political economic theory. Estes’ model, encapsulated within this discourse, offers a considerably more comprehensive and detailed framework than other theories of old age. Notably, Estes’ emphasis on gender, which is often neglected in conventional aging theories, constitutes an innovative and valuable contribution. Given the current dearth of Turkish literature on aging, we believe that Estes’ theory holds the potential to considerably enrich aging studies in Turkey. Through this article, we aim to highlight the overlooked aspects of Estes’ model, bringing them to the attention of relevant researchers and scholars.&nbsp;

Political Economic Approach to Old Age: The Carroll Estes Model

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Senectus is a peer-reviewed international journal published biannually in September and March by Istanbul University Faculty of Letters Sociology Research Center with the support of the Darülaceze Foundation.
The purpose of the journal is to publish theoretical and applied academic studies on topics related to aging process and late-life experiences applying a multidisciplinary perspective. In this context, it aims to follow on the continuity and change in studies on old age and aging and primarily publish studies examining the demographic, economic, historical, legal, psychological, anthropological, and sociological elements determining them. Our mission is to provide a platform for dialogue for researchers from various disciplines related to the field, as well as for policymakers and practitioners. Moreover, we hope that the journal will serve as a source of knowledge useful for scholars and institutions dealing with this topic in Turkey and, consequently, will have a share in the development of proposals for the betterment of living conditions for its aging population. As such, we prioritise intra- and interdisciplinary works which not only exhibit methodological excellence but also provide a fresh and unique contribution to the ongoing debate on aging and late life.
Within the scope of the field of aging/old age studies, the journal is open to works evaluating the international developments in this field from the local perspective and comparative studies. We also welcome articles aiming to introduce the changes and new perspectives abroad to the Turkish literature, as well as ones which aspire to share the recent developments in Turkey and its historical record with the international audience. Within this framework, we will publish articles, case study analyses, research notes, and book reviews.

Murat

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Senectus

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Senectus is a peer-reviewed international journal published biannually in September and March by Istanbul University Faculty of Letters Sociology Research Center with the support of the Darülaceze Foundation.The purpose of the journal is to publish theoretical and applied academic studies on topics related to aging process and late-life experiences applying a multidisciplinary perspective. In this context, it aims to follow on the continuity and change in studies on old age and aging and primarily publish studies examining the demographic, economic, historical, legal, psychological, anthropological, and sociological elements determining them. Our mission is to provide a platform for dialogue for researchers from various disciplines related to the field, as well as for policymakers and practitioners. Moreover, we hope that the journal will serve as a source of knowledge useful for scholars and institutions dealing with this topic in Turkey and, consequently, will have a share in the development of proposals for the betterment of living conditions for its aging population. As such, we prioritise intra- and interdisciplinary works which not only exhibit methodological excellence but also provide a fresh and unique contribution to the ongoing debate on aging and late life. SCOPEWithin the scope of the field of aging/old age studies, the journal is open to works evaluating the international developments in this field from the local perspective and comparative studies. We also welcome articles aiming to introduce the changes and new perspectives abroad to the Turkish literature, as well as ones which aspire to share the recent developments in Turkey and its historical record with the international audience. Within this framework, we will publish articles, case study analyses, research notes, and book reviews, especially concerning (although not limited to):<ul type="disc"> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">The relation between aging/old age and social, political, economic, legal, and technological changes</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">The effects of individual and demographic aging on shareholders such as local and national government, NGOs, universities, and field workers</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">The proposals for solutions regarding care, policies, and social policies towards older people, as well as analyses of current solutions</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Physical and psychological changes occurring as a result of aging, behavioural and social transformations, age-related health developments (tracking, treatment, and prevention)</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Public debates regarding aging societies</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Historical and contemporary evaluations of old age/older people</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Economic behaviours of aging people and old people-oriented sectors</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Employment, retirement, income, and consumption habits in older people</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Lifespan approach</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Intergenerational relations and transitions</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">The experience of aging and family relations</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Loneliness and social ostracism</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Social rights and inequalities (such as the right to live, the right to access basic services, and the right to political representation)</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Comparative analyses based on national and international databases</li> <li style="color: #212529;text-align: justify;">Proposals for good practices in Turkey</li> </ul>

Aim & Scope

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.PlagiarismSubmitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%.Double Blind Peer-ReviewAfter plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University and Darülaceze Foundation. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;text-align: justify;">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;text-align: justify;">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a>) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive.The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Senectus is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Senectus adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/1743CD2DF65843B5A147828EBF5C5E20" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

<div><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6E4A747F9A4A445BBB0870370FF76A2F" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent;text-decoration: underline;">Formatting and content requirements for manuscripts</a> ​<div style="text-align: center;">General Formatting Requirements</div>Font: The font used in the entire manuscript should be Times New Roman, font size 10. For tables and figures, see below.Page Layout: <ul><li>Page margins for bottom, top, right, and left should be pre-set as 0.98 inch. </li><li>Text should be typed as a single-column document. </li><li>Text should be justified with no hyphenation breaks in words at the end of a line. </li></ul>Paragraphs and headings should not be indented, but aligned with the main text. Paragraph Format: Paragraph indents should be pre-set in the tabs section as follows:<ul><li>Before and after: 6 pt</li><li>Line spacing: 1.5</li></ul>Page Limit: Manuscripts prepared in compliance with the guidelines should not exceed 25 pages (10.000 words).Manuscript SectionsTitle: Article titles should be boldfaced and centered.Author(s)’s Names: The main document is used for peer-review, which may include the title, abstract, key words, main body, references, figures and tables and supplementary materials. The names of all authors and their institutions should not be included in the main document.Abstract: Abstracts should be between 150–200 words. No citations should appear in the abstract.Keywords: 5–8 words representing the manuscript should be given as keywords.Main Text: Qualitative and quantitative studies should contain the following sections: Introduction, Method, Findings, and Discussion.The Methods section must include Sampling/Study Population, Data Collection Tools, and Procedure as subsections if an original research method has been used.Literature reviews should elaborate on the problem, analyze the relevant literature, emphasize the gaps and inconsistencies in the literature, and discuss actions toward solving these problems.Other types of studies can allow slight variations in sections, but they should not contain too many details and sub-sections that could distract readers’ attention and compromise readability.References: Both in-text citations and references should comply with the APA guidelines as provided in the Publication Manual of American Psychological Association (APA) (6th edition).Tables, Figures, and AppendicesTables and Figures: Tables, figures, pictures, graphics, and similar aspects should be embedded in the text, and not provided as appendices.Under the Paragraph tab, ensure that the indentation is as follows:<ul><li>Before and after: 0</li><li>Spacing: Single</li></ul>Tables and figures should be left aligned, and the text wrapping feature should be turned off.Appendices: Each appendix should be displayed on a separate page after the references section.Format for Five Levels of Heading1st Levef of Heading: Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading2nd Level of Heading: Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading3rd Level of Heading: Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. (In a lowercase paragraph heading, the first letter of the first word is uppercase and the remaining words are lowercase.)4th Level of Heading: Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.5th Level of Heading: Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. More than five levels of headings are not advisable.Table and Figure Headings: Table and figure numbers should be typed as “Table 1” or “Figure 1” Table and figure headings should be in italics.Other GuidelinesEmphasis: Do not use boldfaced characters in text. Emphasis should be expressed using quotation marks (“”) or italics.Listing: Lists in text should be horizontal and not vertical. Further, the list should use Roman numeral [(i), (ii), and so on], not Arabic (1, 2).Direct Quotations: Direct quotes should be left-indented from the main text and typed in 9-point font. They need not be italicized. Please refer to the sample manuscript for examples.</div>

Author Guidelines

Before beginning the online submission process please read the Information for Authors and make sure you have the followings available:<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E8602C265D37407A8DB045C370F9EBBD" target="_blank">Formatting and content requirements for manuscripts </a>Cover letter to the editor<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: justify;">The category of the manuscript</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.</li> </ul> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/25174B09585C4A00B847B7E6191D400D" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/39D72AE6714E4766AC908A220F3DFAD1" target="_blank">Author Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/EC55A6FCAFF5450BAF01EB690A04EA18" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: justify;">The category of the manuscript</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">ORCIDs of all authors.</li> </ul> </ul>Main Manuscript Document<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: justify;">The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Abstracts (150-200 words) both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Key words: 5-8 words both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Extended Abstract (1000-1500 words) in English (only for articles which are not in English)</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Main article sections</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Acknowledgement (if exits)</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">References</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul> </ul>Files to be uploaded separately<ul type="disc"> <li style="text-align: justify;">Copyright Agreement Form</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Author Form</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Permissions obtained for previously published material if used in the present manuscript</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Title page</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Main Manuscript Document</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: justify;">The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Abstracts (150-200 words) both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Key words: 5-8 words both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Extended Abstract (1000-1500 words) in English (only for articles which are not in English)</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Main article sections</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Acknowledgement (if exists)</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">References</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul> </ul>

Senectus complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:-    American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.-    <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

Please ensure the following:<ul type="disc"> <li style="text-align: justify;">The title page was prepared according to the journal rules.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">This manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The manuscript has been checked for English language.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The manuscript was written in accordance with the full-text writing rules determined by the journal.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The manuscript has an abstract of 150-200 words and the number of keywords should be 5-8.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Extended Abstract (1000-1500 words) in English (only for manuscripts which are not in English)</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The references are in line with the APA6th edition.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The Copyright Agreement Form has been filled in and is ready for submission together with the manuscript.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The Author Contribution Form has been  filled in and is ready for submission together with the manuscript.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Permission for previously published copyrighted material (text,figure,table) has been obtained if used in the present manuscript.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">The Ethics Committee Report (if necessary) has been obtained and ready for submission  together with the manuscript, and the ethics committee report date and number have been given in the manuscript text.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Review of the journal policies.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.</li> </ul>

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/71526E07F53B4696A3A88656C3D98EE1" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/FC97D0AD79A44202BB49C3601899110B" target="_blank">Author Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/C7FB5243D3064B2EBC1B520D83FE7824" target="_blank">Title Form</a>

ISSN	2980-1680
E-ISSN	2980-1745
Period	Biannually
Editor	Murat Şentürk
Senectus is a peer-reviewed international journal published biannually in September and March by Istanbul University Faculty of Letters Sociology Research Center with the support of the Darülaceze Foundation. The purpose of the journal is to publish theoretical and applied academic studies on topics related to aging process and late-life experiences applying a multidisciplinary perspective. In this context, it aims to follow on the continuity and change in studies on old age and aging and primarily publish studies examining the demographic, economic, historical, legal, psychological, anthropological, and sociological elements determining them. Our mission is to provide a platform for dialogue for researchers from various disciplines related to the field, as well as for policymakers and practitioners. Moreover, we hope that the journal will serve as a source of knowledge useful for scholars and institutions dealing with this topic in Turkey and, consequently, will have a share in the de read more

Senectus

CURRENT ISSUE

Design of Institutional Elderly Living Spaces in the Context of the Aging of Society and the Housing Problems in Old Age

New Spatial Organizations as a Social Integration Model: Contemporary Elderly Living Centers

Urban Environment, Aging, and Quality of Life: Kayseri Case

Care Relations and Negotiation of Independence within the Context of Migration (The Case of the Turkish Community in London)

The Experiences of Older Turkish Adults in Using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Mitigating their Deepening Social Isolation During Disasters

The Elderly in the Post-February 6 Earthquake Region: Current Situation, Needs, and Recommendations

EARLY VIEW

Representation of the Older Adults in the Media: Examples from an Old Age-Themed Short Film Competition

Political Economic Approach to Old Age: The Carroll Estes Model

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