Yayla Gölü (Buldan-Denizli) ve Çevresinin Güncel Polen Dağılımının Tuzak, Yosun ve Yüzey Sediman Örnekleri ile İncelenmesi
Bu çalışma Yayla Gölü (Denizli-Buldan) ve çevresinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Yayla Gölü çevresinin güncel polen dağılım özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç için; Tauber polen tuzağı, yosun (karayosunu) ve yüzey sediman örneklerinden güncel polen verisi elde edilmiştir. Tauber polen tuzakları ve yosun örnekleri ile üç farklı doğrultuda, bu doğrultulara ait farklı yükseltilerde, göl kıyısında ve göl içerisinde olmak üzere 2018-2021 arasında 3 yıllık güncel polen izlemesi yapılmıştır. Yüzey sediman örnekleri ise; 2020 yılında göl içerisinden 9 farklı noktadan alınmıştır. Üç kaynaktan elde edilen polen bulgularına göre polen dağılımında yüksek yüzdeye ve yoğunluğa sahip taksonlar Pinus sp., Quercus evergreen, Quercus deciduous, Olea europaea L. ve Poaceae’dır. Bu taksonlar ve diğer taksonlara ait bulgular güncel polen izlemelerinin yapıldığı alanın ana vejetasyon tipini yansıtacak şekilde değişmiştir. Orman alanları ve yakın çevresinde yer alan örnek alanlarında yüksek orman varlığı gözlenirken açık alanlarda otsu vejetasyonun oranı artış göstermiştir. Fosil polen çalışmalarında geçmişteki tarımsal aktivitelerin göstergelerinden biri olan Olea europaea yüzdesinin kaynak alanlarına yakınlığına bağlı olarak nasıl değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Tauber polen tuzakları ve yosun örneklerinden elde edilen bulguların lokal ölçekli, yüzey sediman örneklerinin ise daha bölgesel ölçekli sonuçlar içerdiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; güncel polen bulguları izlemenin yapıldığı alanların orman, mera, sulak alan ve yükselti özelliğine göre şekillenmiştir.
Investigating Modern Pollen Distributions of Yayla Lake in Buldan and Its Surrounding Areas Using Trap, Moss and Surface Sediment Samples
This study was carried out on Yayla Lake in Denizli Province’s town of Buldan and its surroundings. The aim of the study is to determine the modern pollen distribution characteristics of the surroundings of Yayla Lake. For this purpose, modern pollen data were obtained from Tauber pollen traps, moss samples (moss), and surface sediment samples. A 3-year pollen monitoring was carried out between 2018-2021 in three different directions using the Tauber pollen traps and moss samples at different elevations, on the lake shore, and in the lake. Surface sediment samples were taken from nine different points in the lake in 2020. According to the pollen results obtained from the three sources, the taxa with high percentages and densities in the pollen distribution were Pinus sp. Quercus evergreen, Quercus deciduous, Olea europaea, and Poaceae. The results of these taxa and other taxa varied to reflect the main vegetation type of the area where the modern pollen monitoring had been done. While high forest rates were observed in forested areas and their close vicinities, the rate of herbaceous vegetation increased in open areas. Changes in the percentage of Olea europaea L. which is one of the indicators of past agricultural activities in fossil pollen studies, were obeserved based on the proximity to the source areas. The results from the Tauber pollen traps and moss samples were observed to include local scale results, while surface sediment samples included more regional scale results. As a result, the modern pollen results have been shaped according to the forest, pasture, wetland, and elevation characteristics of the areas where the monitoring had been done.
This study was carried out in and surround Yayla Lake, which is located 5 km west of the town center of Buldan in Denizli Province. Yayla Lake (1,150 masl) is located within the borders of Süleymanlı Village as an administrative border. The mountainous area of the Aydin Mountains in which Yayla Lake is located separates the Büyük Menderes, Gediz, and Küçük Menderes basins from each other. The aim of the study is to determine the modern pollen distribution characteristics of the surroundings of Yayla Lake. Modern pollen monitoring was carried out in different environments with tree density and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values for high, low, and open areas. The aim of the study was achieved using modern pollen data obtained from Tauber pollen traps, moss samples, and surface sediment samples. Modern pollen monitoring was carried out using Tauber pollen traps and moss samples in 3 different directions at different elevations, as well as on the lake shore and on the lake. The altitudes where the modern pollen monitoring was carried out in the study area range from 335-1,173 m. A three-year monitoring was conducted between 2018-2021 with the Tauber pollen traps and moss samples. Surface sediment samples were taken from nine different points of the lake in 2020 using the Glew corer sampler. The methodology determined by the European Pollen Monitoring Program Protocol (EPMPP) was followed for analyzing the Tauber pollen traps and moss samples. The surface sediment sample analyses used the classical method, also known as the fossil pollen analysis method.
According to the modern pollen findings obtained from the Tauber pollen traps, moss samples, and surface sediment samples, the taxa with the high percentage and density (Pinus sp. Quercus evergreen, Quercus deciduous, Olea europaea, and Poaceae) were similar for the modern pollen distributions found between 2018-2021. However, the ratio of taxa varied according to the differences in source, elevation, and local vegetation. According to the modern pollen data for the three-year Tauber polen traps, Pinus sp. was present between 10.8%-96.6%, Quercus evergreen between 0.2-43.6%, Quercus deciduous between 1.3-35.7%, Olea europaea between 0-20.2%, and Poaceae between 0-21.2%. The total percentage of woody taxa (AP) varied between 42.3%and 99.4%. For the moss samples, the maximum and minimum percentage values of these taxa were determined as Pinus sp. At 63.4-83.7%, Quercus evergreen at 3.2-6.5%, Quercus deciduous at 1.6-7%, Poaceae at 2-14.2%, and Olea europaea at 1-3%. The rate of AP varied between 79.2-94%. For the surface sediment samples from the nine different areas of the lake, the rates were calculated for Pinus sp. as 63.4-83.7%, Quercus evergreen as 3.2-6.5%, Quercus deciduous as 1.6-7%, Olea europaea as 1-3%, and Poaceae as 2-14.2%. The AP rate varied between 79.2-94%. According to the modern pollen data, the three-year average percentage of Olea europaea was 18.7%near the olive trees and 6.1%in the lake. The average rate of Olea europaea in the surface sediment samples was 2%. Principal component analysis was carried out on the modern pollen data obtained from the surrounding of Yayla Lake and applied to the trap, moss, and trap-moss-surface sediment results; significant clusters were seen to have formed in accordance with differences in vegetation and to be similar to each other. However, no significant clusters occurred in the surface sediment samples.
The modern pollen distribution characteristics of Pinus sp. and Quercus sp. forests are important taxa for Anatolian paleovegetation, and this study presents their representation in modern pollen results. In addition, information was obtained regarding the pollen distributions of Olea europaea taxon, which is one of the important indicators of paleo land use in the Mediterranean basin. In conclusion, this study presents 3-year modern pollen monitoring results from Yayla Lake and its surroundings, with the differences in vegetation and land use among the sample areas being reflected in the modern pollen results.