Melda

Uzman

Tennessee Williams was one of 20th century America’s most important playwrights. Williams’ The Glass Menagerie was written in 1944 and premiered by the Playhouse Theater in 1945. The Glass Menagerie has two different translations in the Turkish literary system, the earlier of which is Can Yücel’s Sırça Kümes, published by the Ministry of National Education in 1964. Since its release, Sırça Kümes has been met with great interest and has been staged by both private and state-funded theaters, such as the State Theaters. The other translation is Aytuğ Izat’s Sırça Hayvan Koleksiyonu, published by Mitos Boyut Publications in 2000. This text, supported by the American Consulate and published as part of the Cultural Heritage Project, was added to Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality City Theater’s repertoire and was first staged in the 2014–2015 season.This study aims to examine the translated texts in light of André Lefevere’s theories on rewriting. In the preface to their book Translation/History/Culture, Susan Bassnett and André Lefevere state that every translation/rewriting strategy develops in line with ideological and literary reasons related to the text (Bassnett &amp; Lefevere, 1992: xi). When translated or rewritten texts are examined in this way, it is possible to treat the translator's unique behaviors as a subject of inquiry and to produce a detailed opinion of the time and environment in which the translation was performed.The study is organized in three parts. The first focuses on the theoretical framework of translation as rewriting and theater text translation. In the second part, the definitions established in the first part are applied to the process of scrutinizing the translations, and the two translated target texts are examined alongside the source text within the framework of Marilyn GaddisRose’s concept of “stereoscopic reading.”.” Finally, the processes underlying the production of the two translations are analyzed under the subtitles Usage of Slang, Usage of Idioms, Expressions Related to Staging Process, Expressions Related to Target Culture, Expressions&nbsp;Related to Source Culture, and Title Preference. Differences between translators’ selections are explained according to these characteristics.&nbsp;&nbsp;To reflect the characters’ spoken language in the target text, Can Yücel employed idiomatic and slang elements that stand out in the daily use of the target language. Yücel’s choice can be considered an effort to prevent the target audience from attracting a stranger to a work that belongs to the source language and culture system. Taking the staging notes into account, Yücel created a text ready to be staged by reflecting the directions given by Williams, the original playwright, in the source text. By contrast, Aytuğ İzat's translation uses everyday language within the semantic range of the words in the source text, reflecting his desire to protect the linguistic and cultural features of the source system and to provoke an emotional response in the target audience. İzat’s translation preserves the source language and culture system and thus represents a resource-oriented translation. It can be considered a text that allows directors' decisions to come to the fore in the staging process, ignoring both staging notes and actor directions.In conclusion, differences in the translators’ interpretation of the source text were reflected in both target texts in line with the translators’ different reading processes. These differences can be recognized as translator decisions that enrich and develop the target language and culture system. Within the scope of the study, the shaping of the translation process and the differences between the translators’ discourses (tracked in the target system by comparison with characteristics of the source text’s own language and culture system) can be analyzed in the context of rewriting. Thanks to the different paths chosen by the translators, Can Yücel and Aytuğ İzat, the source text is re-created in the target system. In other words, the study shows that the translators reached noticeably different destinations despite using the same source, writing the same yet different plays in the target system. These play texts, which have assumed and preserved a place for themselves in the target literary system, have continued to meet with audiences in the theater halls. It is important for a target text to be represented by more than one translation in a target literary system, both for the reader and the system itself. The richness created by this diversity stimulates further development of the literary system, progress among readers and audiences, and the expansion of creativity.

Rewritten Texts: Comparative Analysis of Sirça Kümes and Sirça  Hayvan Koleksiyonu in the Context of Theater Translation

Burcu

Res. Assist.

Unlike traditional media tools, new media tools include social media networks, which use information and communication technologies and new socialities arising in these networks. The agents of new socialities are developing in a democratic, fast, and horizontal digital environment. Participatory and convergence culture (Jenkins, 2006a, 2006b and 2009) is indispensable in this environment. Because participants come together on a common platform to exchange information and establish connections in digital environments, they comprise a “convergence culture” (Jenkins, 2019) and create a collective intelligence, “making all relevant information available to [them] at any time” (Lévy, 1999, 217).The new network-based socialities and democratization movement that came to the fore with the sociological turn in the field of translation (Bogenç-Demirel &amp; Süter-Görgüler, 2019; Bogenç-Demirel, Süter-Görgüler &amp; Kurmel, 2017; Bogenç-Demirel, 2014) reveal the importance of focusing on the digital media translation practices of actors in the field. Digital media translation practices, which are the reproducer of social-media-based movements, play a mediating role in the interaction and cultural exchange between new actors of new media. Due to the fact that convergence is also a “cultural change” (Jenkins, 2019, 20), we focused on the digital media translation practices of Bulgarian Turks who are adept at navigating at least two languages, countries, and cultures. Bulgarian Turks have arrived in Turkey in several waves of migration since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey until the present day (those with the character of mass migration movement occurred in four large waves until 1989). On the other hand, the Bulgarian Turks who migrated are struggling to protect and maintain their common cultural values. This desire has also been reflected in the digital environment with mutual interaction.The aim of the study is to examine the reflections of the society, which is transformed and translated by the behaviors specific to the network society, on the digital environment in a&nbsp;closed group formed on the Facebook and to make inferences through digital media translation practices. The research questions developed in this direction are as follows: “Considering the posts shared in the group, how do the behaviors specific to the ‘convergence culture’ and ‘participatory culture’ exhibited by the community members in the network society, as the focal point of netnographic analysis, reflect on the digital environment?” and “How do agents in the network build digital media translation practices?”The methodological approach of the study is netnography, “internet or network ethnography,” which was introduced by Kozinets (2010, 1). Netnography, which makes it possible to reach the “natural,” “uninterrupted data” set in the digital environment, is one of the “solid methods” that can be used to reach the cultural experiences of the researched community (Kozinets, 2010, 11–12). In this study, we tried to analyze the digital media translation practices of the Bulgarian Turks with respect to the concepts of “convergence culture,” “participatory culture” (Jenkins, 2006a, 2006b and 2009), and “collective intelligence” Lévy (1999), in line with the netnographic methodological approach.The findings of the netnographical analysis showed that participatory culture has led to a cycle in which each individual within the group struggles to exist and produce more content. The mission of carrying the network to a sustainable position is important for the agents to increase the group dynamics. The group is a multi-lingual, multi-layered, and active platform where translation practice takes place continuously, including at least one bilingual social network platform where both Turkish and Bulgarian language and culture are included in the circulation. It would not be wrong to claim that Bulgarian Turks, who are the subject and object of their own change and transformation with the change of living environment, language, and culture, use the translation practice as a reproduction tool in the relevant digital platform for the interaction and transformation of the digital environment.

Society Transformed and Translated in Digital Environment: A  Netnographic Approach to Digital Media Translation Practices of  Bulgarian Turks

Tuğçe

Fatma

Prof.

The art of translation has existed since the beginning of human history. However, before translation studies became a discipline in and of itself, translations were investigated by scholars from various disciplines, such as comparative literature, foreign language education, and linguistics. Therefore, the concepts and methods of translation have been shaped within the framework of these disciplines. The current study focuses on the relationship between translation and linguistics, and assumes that, especially during the 1950s and the 1960s, studies on translations were dominated by the linguistic perspective. In these studies, the research on translation had been reduced to the equivalence problem, whereas the complex and multidimensional structure of translation had been ignored. In addition, translation practices in applied linguistics have been insufficient to explain translation phenomena. This fact contributed to the handling of translation in its own reality. When translation studies became an independent discipline during the 1970s, scholars considered translation within its own reality. Thus, efforts were made to develop its theories and methods. Nevertheless, this development does not indicate that translation studies is close to interdisciplinary relations. The subject of translation studies is translation, whereas the subject of linguistics is language. Thus, interaction between the two disciplines is only natural because translatorial activity has an inclusive relationship with language. Based on this view, this study aims to question the performativity of linguistic concepts and methods in translation theory. The theoretical basis of this study is two-fold. First, the concepts and methods of language/speech, system, value, lexical field, and equivalence that exist in translational theories explicitly or implicitly are explained within the framework of structuralism theory. In time, however, studies at the word and sentence levels have been conducted through text. Thus, text-linguistics has been established, which highlighted the importance of the semantic, communicative, and functional dimensions of linguistics. Studies on translations that address texts also prioritize communication and communication conditions, such that the methods of text-linguistics can be used in translation descriptions and applications. This aspect leads the second part of the theoretical basis. For the abovementioned reasons, the study also examined the contexts and methods of text-linguistics, such as text type classification and textuality criterion, which are assumed effective in translation. The corpus of the study constitutes of translation-oriented text classification, Skopos theory, polysystem theory, and interpretive theory of meaning. The study is descriptive in nature and analyzes this corpus in light of the methods and concepts of structuralism theory and text-linguistics. The findings indicate that certain linguistic concepts and methods were included in the theories of translation. Moreover, the results were demonstrated on examples from various translations because the aforementioned methods and concepts guide students in their translations, and their demonstrations enrich the study. Further, the study provided suggestions for the acquisition or improvement of the concepts and methods in academic translation education. Lastly, general inferences were made regarding the study.

The Traces of Linguistics in Translation Studies

Ensa

The increase in the number of joint endeavors between the translation industry and the Academy, as well as the inclusion of foreign language courses at universities, have paved the way for the expansion of the language industry in Turkey. Presently, the language industry is comprised of three areas in the international field: translation studies, language technology, and language education. In the 1990s, the concept of the language industry only referred to the processing of language in software; it has since lost its validity in international fields. With the development of various programs for language technology, since the 2000s the scope of the language industry has expanded and all components related to language technology have been included in the industry, making it an important sector. The increase in multilingual studies in the language industry, especially in the European Union, has led to the emergence of new projects and professional areas. In 2009, the European Union General Directorate of Translation (DG Translation) ranked eight sectors within the scope of the language industry: translation, interpreting, software localization, website globalization, tool development for language technology, language training, language-focused consultancy for companies, and the organization of multilingual international conferences. Firms such as IBIS World Industry and CSA Research (Report) regularly conduct research on the language industry. Considering the growth rate in the translation sector, it may be that those who prefer the translation profession have a higher probability for a career in the field. Graduates of foreign language departments are also among the advantaged candidates in the translation industry. However, the extent to which the public recognizes the basic duties of a translation professional should be discussed separately. It has been generally observed from written and visual media—television, the news, the internet, and job advertisements—that the basic responsibilities of translators are not recognized by the public; the professional visibility of translators is regarded less than that of a physician or a lawyer. As long as there is a lack of awareness about the duties of the translation profession, other career paths will be chosen. Students who proactively choose to enroll in translation departments can increase their motivation and convey their academic success to their professional life. A person aware of their qualities should be honest with themselves and sincere in their actions. Individuals should recognize their integrity, be aware of their skill set, and know “why, where and how to use these skills” (Şimşek, 2014). In this context, awareness brings about a professional approach to the translation profession. According to Schopp, being a professional means having a sense of responsibility toward one’s self, one’s client, and the professional situation. It is not enough for the companies that provide translation services to adapt to developments in the translation sector. Also, translation studies departments should be required to convey developments occurring in the profession to candidate translators through their curriculums. In this study, a satisfaction questionnaire was given to the students of the Translation Studies Department of Istanbul University (along with a general assessment) in order to measure their cognizance regarding their intention in choosing this department. In order to examine the students’ awareness regarding their choice, especially the first-year students, they were given a questionnaire in 2015. Three years later, a questionnaire of similar questions used in the first questionnaire was given again in the spring semester of the 2018–2019 academic year. Some of the questions in the preliminary questionnaire were also in the final one. Based on the results of the present research, it can be argued that awareness should be raised, regarding the wide range of jobs in the translation profession. However, the Academy is not the only entity capable of facilitating awareness in this matter. The language industry should be more integrated within translation and interpretation departments and cooperationoriented projects and platforms should be developed, especially in Turkey. The Academy is expected to train fully-equipped translators. Although state universities provide extensive theoretical knowledge, they cannot achieve the same success in terms of application. The lack of modern, technological equipment may be one reason for this situation. Translation science, technology, and education—the components of the language industry—should be considered a triad and joint studies should be increased between these fields.

Language Industry and the Translation Profession: A  Questionnaire for the Undergraduate Students of the Translation Studies Department

Elif

This study analyzes the conditions under which and for what purposes translations are conducted, from a sociological point of view through a focus on the example of the transformation of Boule de Suif, Maupassant's first masterpiece, into Yağ Tulumu in Turkish, drawing attention to the meaning and importance of this transformation in the sociological context. However, in the examination of the work, a product-oriented approach was taken in preference to a processoriented one; the work is handled along the axis of its essence and content rather than that of its form and structural features. Because a translation comes into being within a relationship to the social and cultural environments in which it is produced and read, this study adopts Itamar Even-Zohar’s theory of literary poly-system and it also uses the concepts of center and periphery relations and cultural repertoire to clarify some facts in Turkish literary history. After briefly noting the development of the role of translation in Turkish culture and literature in its chronological development, the study examines how a new culture was deliberately created in Turkish history in the 1930s and how the translation movement begun at this direction could serve as an example for the theory of literary poly-system. The birth of the medium of comics, its structure and genres, and the ways in which it functions are presented. Moreover, its place and function in popular culture in the global age, together with the related social and cultural aspects, are also shown. Information on Guy de Maupassant and his work Boule de Suif is involved, including discussion of the life and identity of the author and his method and writing style. The translation of Boule de Suif into Turkish is explained, and the facts that have caused its change of genre and language to a comic book in Turkish under the title Yağ Tulumu are discussed. The content of the work in relation to both its transformation and its universal appeal is described. The plot, the characters, and the key details are highlighted. At the end of the study, it is made clear that no act of translation can occur casually or randomly. The introduction and circulation of translations also continues in line with certain social, ideological, and political goals along with the major translation movements that have been initiated for determined reasons, such as creating a new language, culture, and literature, as in the example of Turkish history. Thus, translation fulfills its task through products preferred within popular culture in the current global age, which are easy to access and have immediate impact on people. If it is accepted that visuality has a strong and permanent effect on human perception, the importance of the comic in this century as a genre with both literary and visual qualities becomes clear. Because mass media and art, including comics, are usually no considered apart from their social and cultural context, it is easy to conclude that are produced for political and ideological purposes as well as for economic ones. In this context, the transformation of the literary classics can be more clearly seen. To put it another way, a summary of the aims and justifications of this movement of classical works shows itself when the reasons for the transformation of Boule de Suif, the first masterpiece of Maupassant, into Yağ Tulumu are explored. Because the universal nature of the story lends itself to being used as a tool to awaken social consciousness, the work was made into a comic, one of the most effective and common tools of popular culture. Thus, when the type and qualities of the Yağ Tulumu are evaluated, it can be seen that it serves a counter to the dominant, hegemonic ideology. This study also suggests that comics containing picture and visual content can be used to awaken and enlighten public opinion, in contrast to the previous use by the upper classes who were able to manage illiterate lower classes using images in accordance with their own ends.

Yağ Tulumu: The Sociological Dimension of a Transformation

Arsun

About The Manuscript Submission

Anne

Assist. Prof.

Community Translation and Interpretation Services in Settlement  Agencies: Perspectives from Translators and Interpreters in New  Brunswick, Canada

Aslı

Assist. Prof. Dr.

The Community Interpreter’s Role: Students’ Perceptions in the Context of  Growing Needs in Türkiye

Yelda

The paradigm shift, which can generally be attributed to a "social turn" in translation studies, has led to the increased integration of methodological and theoretical approaches from various disciplines such as communication studies, psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. These approaches have signiﬁcantly enriched interpreting research by advancing the scholarly debate by introducing new perspectives. Consequently, these theoretical and methodological inquiries imply the need to re-examine the relevance of interpreter-mediated interactions in various social and cultural contexts and analyse them from a sociological interactional approach.This paper aims to descriptively demonstrate the extent to which the interactional sociological approach of the inter- action order, as proposed by American sociologist Erving Goﬀman, intersects with interpreter-mediated interactions in community interpreting. At the core of this study is the phenomenon of "face-to-face interaction," with a focus on social structures and individual actions within a social situation or setting.To provide an understanding of the application of Goﬀman’s interaction order, a summary of his approaches to the analysis of interactions in speciﬁc situations is presented. Goﬀman seeks to describe both the regularities and disruptions that emerge from the situation in which actors are in a reciprocal relationship. The actors involved in the interaction process can draw upon diﬀerent evaluations when assessing the given social situation, despite established norms and explicit expectations. Since much of Goﬀman’s work is based on theoretical statements about the interactional order, this paper does not highlight speciﬁc studies by Goﬀman. Instead, it incorporates the analysis of the interactional order according to Goﬀman to show how this analysis can be integrated into the dynamic interaction process of community interpretation. As such, the terms situation, institution, and interaction, which are embedded both in the concept of the interactional order and in interpreter-mediated interaction, are explained.It is important to emphasise the relevance of the actions of all actors involved in interpreter-mediated communication in public institutions, who operate within the tension between diﬀerent goals and expectations and are inﬂuenced by institutional contextual conditions. A perspective on interpreter-mediated interaction that focuses solely on the cognitive, linear, communicative, or linguistic dimension would fail to capture the fundamental importance of human communication.Goﬀman’s eﬀort to investigate face-to-face communication in a social situation by examining the mutual inﬂuence of actors on their actions is also a fundamental part of interpreting research. Interpreting is not only accepted as linguistic and cultural mediation, but the interpreter, as a social individual, comes to the fore of empirical studies due to their "allegedly" socially determined role, value and normative perceptions, and social competence in maintaining the ﬂow of conversation.In conclusion, the insights into face-to-face interaction from Goﬀman’s interactional sociological perspective reveal commonalities with the conceptualisation of interpreter-mediated interaction in community interpreting. These points of connection can help to better understand the complex socio-institutional framework surrounding the interpreting process and to analyse its eﬀects on the involved actors from a new perspective. Moreover, it is emphasised that in a speciﬁc situation, it is the participants themselves who (re)negotiate and continuously reshape the communicative structure. This establishes a relevant reference point for a more in-depth focus on the overall situation in the interpreting process, with an emphasis on the mutual involvement of the actors—thus, the co-construction of social reality—by incorporating both linguistic and nonverbal cues in a key interaction. This underscores the importance of ﬁeld studies, which provide detailed insights into the natural behaviour of participants in their respective social situations.

Parallels Between Goﬀman’s Interaction Order and Interpreting Interaction in Community Interpreting

Filiz

Rana

This study focuses on the stress management and self-care needs of interpreters in disaster and crisis settings and addresses the unique challenges they face during these times. In disasters and crises, interpreters must cope with heavy psychological and emotional burdens while struggling with linguistic and cultural barriers. Compared to other forms of community interpreting, disaster and crisis interpreting is a highly resilient process in a much more complex and uncertain ﬁeld. While other types of community interpreting (e.g. court, health, etc.) usually work in more institutionalised and structured settings, interpreters working in disaster and crisis settings must make decisions more quickly, take on multifaceted roles, and demonstrate physical and mental resilience.Disaster interpreting is not just about language. These interpreters serve as cultural bridges and connect local communities with international teams, facilitating coordination by swiftly and eﬀectively transferring information during crises. The work of the Emergency and Disaster Interpreters Organisation (ARÇ) is a testament. Established after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake, ARÇ’s mission is to break down language barriers in times of disaster and crisis by training volunteer interpreters. Following the February 6, 2023, earthquakes, ARÇ played a pivotal role in the initial days of the disaster and crisis, providing language support to international search and rescue teams and aiding in the rapid resolution of linguistic and cultural barriers.According to the survey results, disaster and crisis interpreters face language barriers, cultural diﬀerences, long working hours and the inability to take breaks. The inability to rest and the emotional burden of working in disaster settings strain interpreters’ resilience. The survey results revealed that many interpreters felt stress, helplessness and fatigue while on assignment. Disaster interpreters work under much more intense stress than community interpreters and are at a higher risk of burnout. According to the survey results, a signiﬁcant number of interpreters experienced psychological eﬀects such as guilt, extreme fatigue and emotional breakdown while returning to their social and professional lives after the disaster.With their challenges, disaster and crisis interpreters must prioritise self-care strategies. Practises like meditation, breathing exercises, regular breaks, healthy eating, and social support are instrumental in preserving the psychological well-being of the interpreters. The stressful and uncertain nature of disaster and crisis interpretation necessitates adopting such strategies. Increasing training and establishing psychological support systems for interpreters, particularly before disasters, can signiﬁcantly enhance their preparedness for these demanding roles. This study also underscores the importance of comprehensive training for interpreters before disasters and crises. The survey results reveal that most interpreters need adequate pre-disaster training, leading them to take responsibility for disaster areas unprepared. This lack of preparation can signiﬁcantly hinder their ability to cope with the challenges they face during a crisis. Developing and implementing training programmes for disaster interpreters can improve communication during crises and enhance interpreters’ psychological resilience.Coordination is also crucial for interpreters to fulﬁl their duties eﬀectively during disasters. While communicating between local people/teams and international aid organisations, interpreters actively participate in rapid decision- making processes. The survey results reveal that interpreters need help overcome cultural and linguistic diﬀerences between foreign teams and local communities, which makes coordination diﬃcult. In addition, factors such as lack of breaks, long task hours, and uncertainty during the task increase interpreters’ emotional burden and show that they need more support and guidance during these processes.In the aftermath of the disaster, access to psychological support is crucial for translators to return to their social and professional lives. According to the survey results, many interpreters found it challenging to return to their social and professional lives after the disaster and experienced symptoms such as extreme fatigue, anger, and depression.Therefore, providing psychological support to disaster interpreters after the crisis is critical in mitigating such adverse eﬀects. However, the survey results show that many interpreters do not have access to this support and try to cope only with the support of family and friends.In conclusion, disaster and crisis interpreting diﬀers from community interpreting in requiring multifaceted roles under uncertainty and intense stress. Beyond linguistic mediation, disaster and crisis interpreters must undertake crisis management and coordination tasks. This process severely strains the psychological and physical resilience of the interpreters. Adopting and disseminating self-care strategies in disaster and crisis interpreting will enable interpreters to fulﬁl their duties with less impact from these challenging processes. Among the main ﬁndings of this study are the importance of pre-disaster training, eﬀective coordination during the disaster process, and psychological support after the disaster.

Stress Factors and Self-Care Needs in Disaster and Crisis Interpreting

Gizem

Prof. Dr.

Community Interpreting Training in Türkiye: A Study Based on the Views of Academics and Interpreters

Özge

Children of migrant families are often the quickest family members who learn the language and the social and cultural norms of the host country. Thus, they often perform interpreting tasks for their families in diﬀerent contexts shortly after migration. Children undertake the interpreting task for both interacting with local people and completing oﬃcial procedures as soon as they acquire the language of the host country. In this regard, child language brokers play a role in facilitating communication at the language level and in fostering interaction between minority and host cultures.Child language brokering, a phenomenon usually studied in the context of immigrant/refugee communities, can be deﬁned as a form of non-professional community interpreting. However, it has yet to be addressed as an independent research area within the ﬁeld of translation studies in Türkiye. Although it has been examined from the perspectives of educational science and developmental psychology for many years, child language brokering is fundamentally an interpreting activity that awaits the attention of translation studies. Besides, the current literature hosting a copious body of research represents only limited geography, ethnic groups, and languages. Considering that the social context is the most important factor in determining the ﬁndings related to child language brokering, further research is needed from more countries, migrant groups, and language pairs.To the best knowledge of the researcher, child language brokering has not been studied within the scope of Türkiye, despite the ever-increasing refugee population in the country recently. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of child language brokering, which has been addressed by various disciplines for years in countries with high levels of migration, within the context of migrant/refugee communities in Türkiye.This study seeks answers to the following research questions: 1) In which settings and why do migrant/refugee communities need child language brokering in Türkiye? 2) What are the impacts of language brokering on former child language brokers from migrant/refugee communities?As this research aims to analyse a current phenomenon in depth, a case study design was implemented among the qualitative research methods. Retrospective semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants aged 18-21 who migrated to Türkiye from diﬀerent countries and engaged in language brokering activities for their families during their childhood. To ensure the competency of the participants in the Turkish language, which is set to be the interview language, and the cognitive ability of self-expression and of comprehending abstract concepts such as minority language, migrant rights, and identity, the study’s participation criteria included completion of high school education in Türkiye. Additionally, to ensure socioeconomic homogeneity among the participants, graduates of a selected state high school in the Mamak district of Ankara province were invited to participate in the study. The interview included 24 open-ended questions.The interviews were held online through the Zoom platform, and the average duration of the interviews was 35 min. The data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis using MaxQda 2024 software. Accordingly, a total of 480 codes were obtained and these codes are discussed and presented under ﬁve main themes, namely primary language brokering, brokering settings, interpreter role, ethics and responsibility, contributions of brokering, and feelings. The ﬁndings are expected to shed light on the brokering settings in Türkiye where child language brokering is most needed, the concept of primary language broker, and the feelings and contributions perceived by child language brokers regarding their brokering activities and the responsibilities they undertake.The main limitation of this study is its reliance on the self-reported data of the participants. Further studies are needed to follow the same participants for a certain period and/or observe child language brokers during their brokering activities.&nbsp;

Child Language Brokering Among Migrant/Refugee Communities in Türkiye

Gülfer

Olcay

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reports that 117,3 million people are forcibly displaced worldwide due to various factors, such as war and persecution, as of 2024. Among these, 73% come from countries like Afghanistan, Syria, Venezuela, Ukraine, and South Sudan. Türkiye is one of the leading countries hosting refugees, with approximately 4,4 million foreigners legally residing in the country as of August 2024. Despite Türkiye’s legal provisions enabling access to services, including free interpreting services, studies reveal that many refugees still face signiﬁcant barriers to accessing public services. Language barriers, for instance, prevent them from being aware of the services oﬀered in areas such as healthcare, education, and legal procedures (Şan &amp; Koçlu, 2018) and from making doctor appointments (AIDA, 2018). They also face diﬃculties in educational settings due to the fact that the classes are held in Turkish and the lack of catch-up classes for newly arrived students (AIDA, 2018). Furthermore, they experience discrimination, which forces them to abandon their education (Sever, 2020, s.2). Another signiﬁcant diﬃculty is encountered in accessing professional interpreters. Even though SGDD-ASAM employs approximately 60 interpreters, and since 2017, the UNHCR has been providing interpreter support, it has been revealed that there are challenges in accessing professional interpreters, especially in smaller provinces. As a result, individuals registered as asylum seekers (AIDA, 2018), those with a refugee background (Erdoğan, 2021, s. 142; Polat Ulaş, 2021, s. 150) or bilingual staﬀ working in Provincial Migration Administration Oﬃces act as an interpreter (Doğan, 2017, s.246), which leads to the violation of conﬁdentiality and negatively impacts the quality of the interpreting service provided (AIDA, 2018).Taking into consideration all these challenges, it is an undeniable fact that there is a need to raise awareness and develop an inclusive translation policy for individuals speaking diﬀerent languages to access quality services in Türkiye. Thus, this study aims to promote social innovation initiatives in Türkiye by discussing good practises that facilitate refugees’ access to quality services through translation and interpreting in Europe. With this aim in mind, the study seeks to identify the challenges faced by refugees living in various countries in Europe in accessing public services in education, healthcare, asylum and legal aid. It will then present a good practise initiative in Europe with the framework developed in accordance with the challenges detected and general good practise criteria.To support the study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing 182 academic articles, reports, and case documents published from the early 1990s to September 2024. From these, 128 data sources that aligned with the research objectives were selected for detailed analysis. The study used sources from various international organisations, including the UNHCR, IOM, EU, OSCE, and EUAA, as well as databases such as Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, and Migration Hub.According to the ﬁndings, there are three main challenges that refugees face in Europe: 1) Access to information, 2) Availability of qualiﬁed interpreters, and 3) Collaboration problems. The data revealed that many refugees lack knowledge of their rights and the services available to them. They often rely on friends and informal networks for information, which may not always be accurate or accessible. This gap leads to increased vulnerability and miscommunication. Another challenge lies in the availability of qualiﬁed interpreters. A shortage of interpreters proﬁcient in rare languages creates barriers to accessing services. Financial constraints further limit the availability of professional interpreting services, forcing refugees to rely on untrained individuals. On the other hand, service providers and refugees often underestimate the role of professional interpreters, leading to ineﬀective communication and reliance on ad hoc interpreters, such as family members and friends, which can compromise the quality and conﬁdentiality of the information shared.Based on all these challenges, evaluation criteria of good practises consisting of 3 main criteria and 14 sub-criteria were developed, and the ‘Migrant-Friendly Hospitals’ project was selected as a case for this study. The ‘Migrant Friendly Hospitals’ project was analysed in terms of providing professional interpreters, including in rare spoken languages, organising training to enhance collaboration between parties, improving the quality of service, including interpreting service by raising cultural awareness and establishing quality control mechanisms for good practises.

Communication Barriers in Refugees’ Access to Public Services and Good Practices in Refugee Interpreting

Burak

Discursive Analysis of (pre-) Negotiation Behaviour in Mediated Press Conferences: Insights from the Sports Context

Nazan

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

The establishment of the National Vocational Qualiﬁcations System is regulated by the Vocational Qualiﬁcations Authority in Turkey. The overriding concern of the National Vocational Qualiﬁcations System, which is linked to the European Qualiﬁcations Framework for Lifelong Learning (EQF-LLL), is to establish national occupational standards and occupational qualiﬁcations, which will enable the development of a stronger connection and cooperation based on shared learning outcomes between education and employment. The Council of Higher Education has initiated the strategy of internalization as of 2017. In line with this strategy and the Bologna Process, a stronger cooperation between the Vocational Qualiﬁcations Authority and Council of Higher Education is required for the eﬀective implementation of shared goals and action plans. The EQF-LLL plays a prominent role in the classiﬁcation of competences and learning outcomes in all types of learning environments, enabling the establishment of national and regional frameworks. In connection with the EQF-LLL, Turkey has developed the National Qualiﬁcations Framework and the National Qualiﬁcations Framework for Higher Education, speciﬁcally for the adoption of qualiﬁcations encompassing higher education, which paved the way for the establishment of national occupational standards and qualiﬁcations.As occupational standards explicate the required knowledge, skills, and attitudes practitioners of an occupation are expected to adopt, utilization of occupational standards in education programs is of paramount importance to reach the main (and shared) goals of the EQF-LLL and the National Vocational Qualiﬁcations System. Translation profession was incorporated into the National Vocational Qualiﬁcations System in 2011, and the National Occupational Standard for Translator and Interpreter [NOSTI (Level 6)] was ﬁrst published on the Oﬃcial Gazette in 2013. It was revised in 2020. This study aims to identify the inclusion of NOSTI in translation and interpreting undergraduate programs in Turkey with a focus on the content analysis of course structure diagrams and course details of these departments. As an instance of qualitative research methods, document analysis is used to explore to what extent NOSTI is integrated in the courses oﬀered in translation and interpreting departments.The document analysis has revealed that 98 undergraduate programs oﬀer translation and interpreting education in several language pairs (Turkish-English, Turkish-German, Turkish-French, Turkish-English&amp;French, Turkish-Arabic, Turkish-Russian, Turkish-Bulgarian, Turkish-Chinese, Turkish-Persian, and Turkish-Japan) in Turkey1. The results demonstrate that only 13 programs oﬀer courses covering NOSTI, and NOSTI is mostly included in translation and interpreting departments giving education in Turkish-English language pair, which corresponds to 8 out of 13 programs.The majority of the undergraduate programs present NOSTI to future translators and interpreters in compulsory courses. 10 out of 14 courses covering NOSTI are compulsory whereas 4 courses are enlisted as elective courses in course structure diagrams. These courses are predominantly oﬀered in the third year, in the sixth and/or ﬁfth semesters, followed by the seventh, eight, and second semesters, respectively. The analysis concerning the inclusion of NOSTI within course details shows that NOSTI is mainly involved in the “weekly course outline/syllabus” (10 out of 14 courses). In 5 of these 10 courses, “weekly course outline/syllabus” is the only part of the course details NOSTI is mentioned while the remaining 5 courses involve NOSTI in the “course content” in addition to the “weekly outline/syllabus”. Furthermore, in 2 of the 14 courses, NOSTI is merely included in the “course content”. The last category encompasses the combination of “course content” and “learning outcomes”; that is, NOSTI is declared to be taught both in the “course content” and “learning outcomes” in 2 out of 14 courses.To be well-equipped for today’s dynamic and multifaceted workplace, translator and interpreter candidates are expected to acquire a set of sub-competences and skills, including but not limited to language and culture, thematic and domain, translation, research and technology, translation service provision, and personal and interpersonal skills throughout their academic education2. These competence proﬁles, regarded as key reference standards for translation and interpreting (and language) industry, are meant to enhance the employability of translation and interpreting graduates. NOSTI delineates occupational duties and tasks accompanied by performance criteria, along with required professional knowledge and applied skills (to maintain these duties and tasks). As a result, integrating NOSTI into academic education and informing future translators and interpreters about expected occupational duties and tasks will help improve their conceptualization of essential aspects of translation and interpreting profession. Besides, NOSTI can serve an eﬀective reference tool for academic circles in the design of curriculum and course details to facilitate the establishment of a stronger cooperation between learning outcomes in translation and interpreting education and the needs and expectations of translation and interpreting industry.

The Incorporation of the National Occupational Standard for Translator/Interpreter (Level 6) into the Course Structure Diagrams of Translation and Interpreting Departments: Are Future Translators and Interpreters Informed about the Standard?

Didem

The stranglehold of sexism and violence entangled in women’s lives as an extension of discrimination has overflowed from reality into fiction and leaked into literary works, and while taking over all times and spaces, it has been translated and spread time and again with its different cultural versions. The signs that construct representations of inequality in literary works are so integrated into the flow that in many cases they become almost unnoticeable due to excessive ordinarization. On the other hand, in many of the literary texts written earlier, when feminist criticism was not fully directed towards fact and fiction, there is a blatant overtness in terms of signs of violence that are now relatively implicit. American author O. Henry’s story "A Harlem Tragedy" remains an extreme case, where physical violence is clearly normalised by the female characters and even treated as a matter of envy and pride. Moreover, different forms of violence, such as silent treatment, deprivation, impoverishment, and servitude, are frequently interspersed in the story in normalised forms. In addition, the clichés such as women being pitted against each other are reproduced through the female character’s attempt to make another woman experience the trauma she herself has gone through. In this study, the ways in which the signs of discrimination and violence are translated into Turkish are analysed through published translations by Nuri Eren (1945), Mehmet Harmancı (1954), and Erol Esençay (1983) as well as through outputs obtained from DeepL, and the attitude of human translators towards these signs is compared with the attitude of the artificial translator. In these evaluations, the signs created by human and artificial translators are handled on the basis of overinterpretation of meaning, underinterpretation of meaning, darkening of the meaning, sliding of the meaning, alteration of the meaning, opposition of the meaning, perversion of the meaning, destruction of the meaning, and wiping out of the meaning as defined by Sündüz Öztürk Kasar within the context of Systematics of Designification in Translation (2021, 28). On the other hand, the extent to which these signs, as well as the Harlem dialect, slang, and invective discourses, are reflected in the target texts as complementary to the context, is discussed through different levels of meaning transformations and cause-effect relationality, and the extent to which the need for post-editing may vary based on the human or artificial translator factor is evaluated. As a result of the comparative analyses, the following conclusions are drawn from the study:• Meaning transformations are observed in both human and artificial translators’ texts. • In human translators’ texts, the transformations usually remain within the field of the meaning or peri-meaning. • In the case of the artificial translator, there are usually no over-interpretations due to the excess of signs or no wiping-out of the meaning due to the absence of signs. • As a result of word-for-word translation, slang and idioms are relatively less reflected in the artificial translator’s text. • In cases where human translators do not translate the idiom as an idiom, they still manage to convey the meaning despite under-interpretations caused by not following the style. • Situations in which human translators fail to convey the non-standard language can be attributed to their decisions, whereas instances in which they fail to account for idiom and slang usage might be related to inadequate analysis. • The intervention of the human translator seems to be essential to bring the translation output of the artificial translator into a coherent and consistent form in terms of expression, fluency, and style.• Even if the solutions it provides need post-editing, the artificial translator can help expedite the translation process by displaying a draft of the target text on the screen and providing ideas. • Since the artificial translator lacks the ability to analyse and understand the literary text, it does not yet seem possible for it to fully function efficiently on its own. • Using the artificial translator in literary translation seems to be possible only with the human translator’s critical approach and post-editing intervention. Finally, the analysis of the meaning transformations carried out through a feminist reading from the perspective of semiotics of translation within the scope of this study goes beyond words or signs; the transformations turn out to be factual in the case of gender discrimination and violence discourses, invading the literary text in particular and women’s lives in general.

Attitude of the (Artificial) Translator towards Signs of Gender Discrimination and Violence

Cihan

Censoring or Queering? TV-Subtitling of South Park in Türkiye

Dilruba

Mehmet

Assoc. Prof.

Atalay

The Position of Localization Literature (1998-2024) in Türkiye

Unlocking the Future of Localisation: A Fusion of Human Expertise and Artificial Intelligence in a Cutting-Edge Syllabus

Sema

During recent years, the growing popularity and widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) software have been the subject of research. The responses generated by AI systems like ChatGPT vary based on factors such as the time, location, phrasing of the prompt, and the politeness level of the language used. As a part of this research, graduate theses and scientific research articles on AI and news translations are analysed. Then, the AI system ChatGPT-4o, which generated news text about the recent events between Palestine and Israel, was instructed to frame the text from both a pro-Palestinian and a pro-Israeli perspective and to translate the text into Turkish and English. After obtaining the news texts and translations, the researchers conducted an interview with ChatGPT-4o about the news text generation and translation processes. The study aimed to perform a descriptive content analysis to examine the extent to which open-source AI software can produce biassed or unbiased text and translations. ChatGPT-4o’s ability to provide accurate information, generate impartial texts, and perform ideological translations, leading to broader inferences, was assessed. In the research, news texts produced by the AI tool ChatGPT4o were then translated into the target language in two different ways by the same AI tool. The translations were then subjected to content analysis. The research questions addressed were as follows: “Why do news consumers produce news texts with artificial intelligence?, To what extent is it possible for news consumers to produce news texts with artificial intelligence?, How feasible is the translation of AI-generated news texts into different types (neutral, biassed, and opposing)?, What is the process for producing and translating AI-generated news texts?”. This research focuses on the AI-supported production of news texts and their subsequent translation by the same AI software, examining the data obtained from ChatGPT-4o. In the literature review section, theses and the scientific research articles on AI and news translation in Turkey were reviewed using keywords such as AI and translation, AI and news translation, AI and journalism, robo-journalism, and robot journalism. The graduate theses were reviewed from 2004 to 2024. The scientific research articles reviewed between 2017 and 2024. Although derivatives and applications of artificial intelligence have been used for many years, it has only recently been referred to by these terms. Therefore, the limited number of comprehensive studies at the master’s or doctoral level is not surprising. Overall, producing news texts with artificial intelligence offers advantages in terms of convenience, speed, time, and efficiency. Additionally, automatic content generation, analysis of extensive data, personalised content production, language and translation services, writing and editing, post-editing, access to and coverage of research topics and sources, and consequently, cost savings are seen as beneficial. However, ensuring that all these benefits are obtained without violating any standards is essential. Ethical issues such as plagiarism or inappropriate content generation must be monitored. While gaining advantages in speed, time, and cost, it is crucial not to fall short on ethical considerations while using AI software. Therefore, future studies might explore the use of AI software for news text production and publication by news agencies and social media channels in terms of translation ethics and professional ethics. Finally, in potential further studies, the similarities and differences in texts produced by ChatGPT on different dates and times with the same input commands could be examined using content analysis. Another study may explore the place of AI in news text production and translation within academic translation education, and possible educational packages or course contents and models may be organised.

Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted News Text Generation and Translations: The Case of Chatgpt4o

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

Hossein

Armin

Amir

TRANSLATION CREATIVITY: ANALYZING THE DEGREE OF USING CREATIVE STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING IRANIAN TOURISM WEBSITES AND BROCHURES

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Yeşim

ON THE ACQUISITION OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN TRANSLATOR TRAINING

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Istanbul University Journal of Translation Studies - İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, which is the official publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters is an open access, peer-reviewed, multilingual, scholarly and international journal published two times a year in May and November. It was founded in 2001. The print version of the journal has been stopped as of 2022; the publication continues as an electronic only journal.

EBSCO

ERIH PLUS

TR Dizin

DOAJ

SOBIAD

Gale Cengage

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Istanbul University Journal of Translation Studies

İstanbul Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi’nin yayını olan İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi – Istanbul University Journal of Translation Studies, açık erişimli, hakemli, yılda iki kere Mayıs ve Kasım aylarında yayınlanan, çok dilli, uluslararası bilimsel bir dergidir. 2010 yılında kurulmuştur. Derginin basılı versiyonu 2022 itibariyle durdurulmuştur; dergi yayın hayatına e-dergi olarak devam etmektedir.

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Ethics Editor

Language Editor

Editorial Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, Doğu ve Batı veya Kuzey ve Güney arasındaki ilişkilerde biriken zengin çeviri deneyimini çağdaş bilimsel kuramlar ışığında incelemeye açarak uluslararası akademik mozaiğe kendi rengini katmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu yaklaşımla, Türkiye’nin ve yakın bölgesinin zengin çeviri deneyimini uluslararası arenaya taşımak derginin amaçları arasındadır. Uluslararası iletişimde İngilizcenin kolaylaştırıcı rolünü dikkate alırken, “çeviri”nin dil ve kültürle doğrudan ilişkisini de önemseyerek başta Türkçe, İngilizce, Almanca ve Fransızca olmak üzere çok dilliliği benimsemiştir. Dergide yer verilecek çalışmalarda yöntemsel olarak özgünlük, görgüllük, sistemlilik, açıklık ve uluslararası akademik çevreye seslenebilirlik özellikleri temel alınır.İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, alanındaki karşılaştırmalı çeviri incelemeleri, çeviri kuramı, çeviri eleştirisi, çeviri eğitimi, çeviri tarihi, çeviri etiği, profesyonel çevirmenlik, çeviri teknolojisi, özel alan çevirisi gibi doğrudan ilgili konuları kapsar. Bununla birlikte karşılaştırmalı kültür ve yazın incelemeleri, küresel bilgi transferi, diller ve kültürlerarası etkileşimler gibi çeviriyle bağlantıyı ön planda tutan disiplinlerarası çalışmalara da yer verir. Dergide araştırma makaleleri, derleme makaleleri, kitap incelemeleri, çeviri etkinliklerine ilişkin notlar yayınlanır.

Amaç ve Kapsam

TR DizinDOAJEBSCO Humanities SourceEBCSO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic SourceSOBİADERIH PLUS<a href="https://go.gale.com/ps/dispAdvSearch.do?userGroupName=anon~84c5a0c7&amp;prodId=AONE" target="_blank">Gale Cengage</a>

Dizinler

Dergi yayın etiğinde en yüksek standartlara bağlıdır ve <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a> ve <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> tarafından yayınlanan etik yayıncılık ilkelerini benimser; Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing başlığı altında ifade edilen ilkeler için: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> Gönderilen makaleler derginin amaç ve kapsamına uygun olmalıdır. Orijinal, yayınlanmamış ve başka bir dergide değerlendirme sürecinde olmayan, her bir yazar tarafından içeriği ve gönderimi onaylanmış yazılar değerlendirmeye kabul edilir. Makale yayınlanmak üzere Dergiye gönderildikten sonra yazarlardan hiçbirinin ismi, tüm yazarların yazılı izni olmadan yazar listesinden silinemez ve yeni bir isim yazar olarak eklenemez ve yazar sırası değiştirilemez.İntihal, duplikasyon, sahte yazarlık/inkar edilen yazarlık, araştrma/veri fabrikasyonu, makale dilimleme, dilimleyerek yayın, telif hakları ihlali ve çıkar çatışmasının gizlenmesi, etik dışı davranışlar olarak kabul edilir. Kabul edilen etik standartlara uygun olmayan tüm makaleler yayından çıkarılır. Buna yayından sonra tespit edilen olası kuraldışı, uygunsuzluklar içeren makaleler de dahildir.İntihal Ön kontrolden geçirilen makaleler, iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal/kendi kendine intihal tespit edilirse yazarlar bilgilendirilir. Editörler, gerekli olması halinde makaleyi değerlendirme ya da üretim sürecinin çeşitli aşamalarında intihal kontrolüne tabi tutabilirler. Yüksek benzerlik oranları, bir makalenin kabul edilmeden önce ve hatta kabul edildikten sonra reddedilmesine neden olabilir. Makalenin türüne bağlı olarak, bunun oranın %15 veya %20'den az olması beklenir.Çift Kör Hakemlikİntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir. Editör, makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakemlikten geçmesini sağlar ve makale biçimsel esaslara uygun ise, gelen yazıyı yurtiçinden ve /veya yurtdışından en az iki hakemin değerlendirmesine sunar, hakemler gerek gördüğü takdirde yazıda istenen değişiklikler yazarlar tarafından yapıldıktan sonra yayınlanmasına onay verir.

Politikalar

Dergi açık erişimlidir ve derginin tüm içeriği okura ya da okurun dahil olduğu kuruma ücretsiz olarak sunulur. Okurlar, ticari amaç haricinde, yayıncı ya da yazardan izin almadan dergi makalelerinin tam metnini okuyabilir, indirebilir, kopyalayabilir, arayabilir ve link sağlayabilir. Bu <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/translations/turkish-translation" target="_blank">BOAI</a> açık erişim tanımıyla uyumludur. Derginin açık erişimli makaleleri Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) olarak lisanslıdır.

Derginin tüm giderleri İstanbul Üniversitesi tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Dergide makale yayını ve makale süreçlerinin yürütülmesi ücrete tabi değildir. Dergiye gönderilen ya da yayın için kabul edilen makaleler için işlemleme ücreti ya da gönderim ücreti alınmaz.

Yazarlar dergide yayınlanan çalışmalarının telif hakkına sahiptirler ve çalışmaları  Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) olarak lisanslıdır. CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı, eserin ticari kullanım dışında her boyut ve formatta paylaşılmasına, kopyalanmasına, çoğaltılmasına ve orijinal esere uygun şekilde atıfta bulunmak kaydıyla yeniden düzenleme, dönüştürme ve eserin üzerine inşa etme dâhil adapte edilmesine izin verir.

Editörler, yayınlanan makalede, bulguları, yorumları ve sonuçları etkilemeyen küçük hatalar tespit edilirse düzeltme yayınlamayı düşünebilirler. Editörler, bulguları ve sonuçları geçersiz kılan büyük hatalar / ihlaller söz konusu olduğunda, makaleyi geri çekmeyi düşünmelidir. Yazarlar tarafından araştırma veya yayını kötüye kullanmaya yönelik olasılık söz konusu ise; bulguların güvenilir olmadığına ve yazarların kurumlarının olayı soruşturmadığına dair kanıtlar var veya olası soruşturma haksız veya sonuçsuz görünüyor ise, editörler endişe ifadesi yayınlamayı düşünmelidir. Düzeltme, geri çekme veya endişe ifadesi ile ilgili olarak <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> ve <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> yönergeleri dikkate alınır.Geri ÇekmeDergi geri çekme durumunda <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE Retraction Guidelines</a>’ı izler. Editör, aşağıdaki durumlarda bir makaleyi geri çekme hakkına sahiptir: <ul><li>Büyük bir hata (örn. yanlış hesaplama veya deneysel hata), uydurma öğeler  (örn. veri) veya tahrifat (örn. görüntü manipülasyonu) gibi bulguların güvenilmez olduğu sonucunu çıkarmaya dair açık kanıtlar varsa; </li><li>İçerikte intihal varsa; </li><li>Uygun atıf yapılmadan başka bir yerde yayınlanmışsa;</li><li>Kullanım izni olmayan materyal veya veri içeriyorsa;</li><li>Telif hakkı ihlali veya başka bir ciddi yasal sorun varsa;</li><li>Etik olmayan araştırma içeriyorsa; </li><li>Hakem değerlendirme sürecinin bozulduğuna veya manipüle edildiğine dair kanıt varsa;</li><li>Yazar(lar), editörün görüşüne göre, çalışmanın yorumlanmasını veya editörlerin ve hakemlerin tavsiyelerini önemli derecede etkileyebilecek, kritik bir çıkar çatışmasını açıklamamış ise.</li></ul>Geri çekme durumunda aşağıdaki adımlar izlenir:<ul><li>Makale başlığını da içeren geri çekme bildirimi derginin bir sonraki sayısında yayınlanır. Geri çekme bildirimi  içindekiler tablosunda sayfa nosu verilerek listelenir. </li><li>Elektronik versiyonda geri çekme bildirimi ile orijinal makale arasında link sağlanır. </li><li>Online makaleden önce geri çekme bildirimini içeren sayfa gelir; okuyucu daha sonra makalenin kendisine geçebilir.</li><li>Orijinal makale, her sayfadaki .pdf üzerinde “geri çekildiğini” belirten bir filigran dışında değişmeden kalır.</li></ul>Yasal Nedenlerle Makalenin KaldırılmasıAşağıdaki durumlarda, üst veriler (başlık ve yazarlar) hariç olmak üzere, makale metni kaldırılır ve makalenin yasal nedenlerle kaldırıldığını bildiren bir sayfa makalenin yerini alır. <ul><li>Makalenin karalayıcı içerik ihtiva ettiği veya başkalarının yasal haklarını ihlal ettiği tespit edilir ve geri çekmenin yeterli bir çözüm olmadığı düşünülürse;</li><li>Makale bir mahkeme kararına konu olmuşsa veya olacağına dair makul bir neden varsa;</li><li>Kamu sağlığı açısından önemli bir risk söz konusu ise;  </li></ul>

Dergide yayınlanan tüm yazıların korunmasını ve kalıcı olarak erişilebilir olmasını sağlamak için makaleler, ulusal bir arşiv sitesi olarak hizmet veren ve aynı zamanda LOCKSS'in içeriği toplamasına, korumasına ve sunmasına izin veren Dergipark'ta saklanmaktadır.Ek olarak, yazarların kendilerinin makalelerinin son PDF sürümünü Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>) standartlarına uygun açık elektronik arşivlerde arşivlemeleri önerilir. Yazarlar, yayınladıkları arşiv versiyonundan, İ.Ü. Yayınevinin dergi web sitesinin URL'sine bağlantı sağlamalıdır.

İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, yayın etiğinde en yüksek standartlara bağlıdır ve <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a> ve <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> tarafından yayınlanan etik yayıncılık ilkelerini benimser; Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing başlığı altında ifade edilen ilkeler için: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>Gönderilen tüm makaleler orijinal, yayınlanmamış ve başka bir dergide değerlendirme sürecinde olmamalıdır. Her bir makale editörlerden biri ve en az iki hakem tarafından çift kör değerlendirmeden geçirilir. İntihal, duplikasyon, sahte yazarlık/inkar edilen yazarlık, araştrma/veri fabrikasyonu, makale dilimleme, dilimleyerek yayın, telif hakları ihlali ve çıkar çatışmasının gizlenmesi, etik dışı davranışlar olarak kabul edilir.Kabul edilen etik standartlara uygun olmayan tüm makaleler yayından çıkarılır. Buna yayından sonra tespit edilen olası kuraldışı, uygunsuzluklar içeren makaleler de dahildir.

Etik

İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi araştırma etiğinde en yüksek standartları gözetir ve aşağıda tanımlanan uluslararası araştırma etiği ilkelerini benimser. Makalelerin etik kurallara uygunluğu yazarların sorumluluğundadır.<ul><li>Araştırmanın tasarlanması, tasarımın gözden geçirilmesi ve araştırmanın yürütülmesinde, bütünlük, kalite ve şeffaflık ilkeleri sağlanmalıdır.</li><li>Araştırma ekibi ve katılımcılar, araştırmanın amacı, yöntemleri ve öngörülen olası kullanımları; araştırmaya katılımın gerektirdikleri ve varsa riskleri hakkında tam olarak bilgilendirilmelidir.</li><li>Araştırma katılımcılarının sağladığı bilgilerin gizliliği ve yanıt verenlerin gizliliği sağlanmalıdır. Araştırma katılımcıların özerkliğini ve saygınlığını koruyacak şekilde tasarlanmalıdır.</li><li>Araştırma katılımcıları gönüllü olarak araştırmada yer almalı, herhangi bir zorlama altında olmamalıdırlar.</li><li>Katılımcıların zarar görmesinden kaçınılmalıdır. Araştırma, katılımcıları riske sokmayacak şekilde planlanmalıdır.</li><li>Araştırma bağımsızlığıyla ilgili açık ve net olunmalı; çıkar çatışması varsa belirtilmelidir.</li><li>Deneysel çalışmalarda, araştırmaya katılmaya karar veren katılımcıların yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onayı alınmalıdır. Çocukların ve vesayet altındakilerin veya tasdiklenmiş akıl hastalığı bulunanların yasal vasisinin onayı alınmalıdır.</li><li>Çalışma herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluşta gerçekleştirilecekse bu kurum ya da kuruluştan çalışma yapılacağına dair onay alınmalıdır.</li><li>İnsan öğesi bulunan çalışmalarda, “yöntem” bölümünde katılımcılardan “bilgilendirilmiş onam” alındığının ve çalışmanın yapıldığı kurumdan etik kurul onayı alındığı belirtilmesi gerekir.</li></ul>

Makalelerin bilimsel ve etik kurallara uygunluğu yazarların sorumluluğundadır. Yazar makalenin orijinal olduğu, daha önce başka bir yerde yayınlanmadığı ve başka bir yerde, başka bir dilde yayınlanmak üzere değerlendirmede olmadığı konusunda teminat sağlamalıdır. Uygulamadaki telif kanunları ve anlaşmaları gözetilmelidir. Telife bağlı materyaller (örneğin tablolar, şekiller veya büyük alıntılar) gerekli izin ve teşekkürle kullanılmalıdır. Başka yazarların, katkıda bulunanların çalışmaları ya da yararlanılan kaynaklar uygun biçimde kullanılmalı ve referanslarda belirtilmelidir.Gönderilen makalede tüm yazarların akademik ve bilimsel olarak doğrudan katkısı olmalıdır, bu bağlamda “yazar” yayınlanan bir araştırmanın kavramsallaştırılmasına ve dizaynına, verilerin elde edilmesine, analizine ya da yorumlanmasına belirgin katkı yapan, yazının yazılması ya da bunun içerik açısından eleştirel biçimde gözden geçirilmesinde görev yapan birisi olarak görülür. Yazar olabilmenin diğer koşulları ise, makaledeki çalışmayı planlamak veya icra etmek ve / veya revize etmektir. Fon sağlanması, veri toplanması ya da araştırma grubunun genel süpervizyonu tek başına yazarlık hakkı kazandırmaz. Yazar olarak gösterilen tüm bireyler sayılan tüm ölçütleri karşılamalıdır ve yukarıdaki ölçütleri karşılayan her birey yazar olarak gösterilebilir. Yazarların isim sıralaması ortak verilen bir karar olmalıdır. Tüm yazarlar yazar sıralamasını <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0EE4E63CBA2644A8858046970D1A0938" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formunda</a> imzalı olarak belirtmek zorundadırlar.Yazarlık için yeterli ölçütleri karşılamayan ancak çalışmaya katkısı olan tüm bireyler “teşekkür / bilgiler” kısmında sıralanmalıdır. Bunlara örnek olarak ise sadece teknik destek sağlayan, yazıma yardımcı olan ya da sadece genel bir destek sağlayan, finansal ve materyal desteği sunan kişiler verilebilir.Bütün yazarlar, araştırmanın sonuçlarını ya da bilimsel değerlendirmeyi etkileyebilme potansiyeli olan finansal ilişkiler, çıkar çatışması ve çıkar rekabetini beyan etmelidirler.Bir yazar kendi yayınlanmış yazısında belirgin bir hata ya da yanlışlık tespit ederse, bu yanlışlıklara ilişkin düzeltme ya da geri çekme için editör ile hemen temasa geçme ve işbirliği yapma sorumluluğunu taşır.

Baş editör, makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, uyruğundan, dini inancından ve siyasi felsefesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirir. Yayına gönderilen makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçmelerini sağlar. Gönderilen makalelere ilişkin tüm bilginin, makale yayınlanana kadar gizli kalacağını garanti eder. Baş editör içerik ve yayının toplam kalitesinden sorumludur. Gereğinde hata sayfası yayınlamalı ya da düzeltme yapmalıdır.Baş editör; yazarlar, editörler ve hakemler arasında çıkar çatışmasına izin vermez. Dergide yayınlanacak makalelerle ilgili nihai kararı vermekle yükümlüdür.Hakemlerin araştırmayla ilgili, yazarlarla ve/veya araştırmanın finansal destekçileriyle çıkar çatışmaları olmamalıdır. Değerlendirmelerinin sonucunda tarafsız bir yargıya varmalıdırlar. Gönderilmiş yazılara ilişkin tüm bilginin gizli tutulmasını sağlamalı ve yazar tarafında herhangi bir telif hakkı ihlali ve intihal fark ederlerse editöre raporlamalıdırlar.Hakem, makale konusu hakkında kendini vasıflı hissetmiyor ya da zamanında geri dönüş sağlaması mümkün görünmüyorsa, editöre bu durumu bildirmeli ve hakem sürecine kendisini dahil etmemesini istemelidir.Değerlendirme sürecinde editör hakemlere gözden geçirme için gönderilen makalelerin gizli bilgi olduğunu ve bunun imtiyazlı bir iletişim olduğunu açıkça belirtir. Hakemler ve yayın kurulu üyeleri başka kişilerle makaleleri tartışamazlar. Hakemlerin kimliğinin gizli kalmasına özen gösterilmelidir. Bazı durumlarda editörün kararıyla, ilgili hakemlerin makaleye ait yorumları aynı makaleyi yorumlayan diğer hakemlere gönderilerek hakemlerin bu süreçte aydınlatılması sağlanabilir.

Daha önce yayınlanmamış ya da yayınlanmak üzere başka bir dergide halen değerlendirmede olmayan ve her bir yazar tarafından onaylanan makaleler değerlendirilmek üzere kabul edilir. Gönderilen ve ön kontrolü geçen makaleler iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir.Seçilen makaleler en az iki ulusal/uluslararası hakeme çift taraflı kör hakemlik ile değerlendirmeye gönderilir; yayın kararı, hakemlerin talepleri doğrultusunda yazarların gerçekleştirdiği düzenlemelerin ve hakem sürecinin sonrasında baş editör tarafından verilir.

Hakemlik Hakkında

Daha önce yayınlanmamış ya da yayınlanmak üzere başka bir dergide halen değerlendirmede olmayan ve her bir yazar tarafından onaylanan makaleler değerlendirilmek üzere kabul edilir. Ön değerlendirmeyi geçen makaleler iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilirBaş editör, makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, uyruğundan, dini inancından ve siyasi felsefesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirir. Yayına gönderilen makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçmelerini sağlar.Seçilen makaleler en az iki ulusal/uluslararası hakeme değerlendirmeye gönderilir; yayın kararı, hakemlerin talepleri doğrultusunda yazarların gerçekleştirdiği düzenlemelerin ve hakem sürecinin sonrasında baş editör tarafından verilir.Baş editör; yazarlar, editörler ve hakemler arasında çıkar çatışmasına izin vermez. Dergide yayınlanacak makalelerle ilgili nihai kararı vermekle yükümlüdür.Hakemliği kabul edip etmediğini bir hafta içinde bildirmeyen hakem yerine, başka bir hakem görevlendirilir.Hakem değerlendirme raporunu bir ay içerisinde teslim etmelidir. Bu süre içerisinde raporunu teslim etmeyen hakemin görevi son bulur. Bu durumda değerlendirme için başka bir hakem görevlendirilir.Hakemlerin değerlendirmeleri objektif olmalıdır. Hakem süreci sırasında hakemlerin aşağıdaki hususları dikkate alarak değerlendirmelerini yapmaları beklenir.-Makale yeni ve önemli bir bilgi içeriyor mu?-Öz, makalenin içeriğini net ve düzgün bir şekilde tanımlıyor mu?-Yöntem bütünlüklü ve anlaşılır şekilde tanımlanmış mı?-Yapılan yorum ve varılan sonuçlar bulgularla kanıtlanıyor mu?-Alandaki diğer çalışmalara yeterli referans verilmiş mi?-Dil kalitesi yeterli mi?Hakemler, gönderilen makalelere ilişkin tüm bilginin, makale yayınlanana kadar gizli kalmasını sağlamalı ve yazar tarafında herhangi bir telif hakkı ihlali ve intihal fark ederlerse editöre raporlamalıdırlar. Hakem, makale konusu hakkında kendini vasıflı hissetmiyor ya da zamanında geri dönüş sağlaması mümkün görünmüyorsa, editöre bu durumu bildirmeli ve hakem sürecine kendisini dahil etmemesini istemelidir.Değerlendirme sürecinde editör hakemlere gözden geçirme için gönderilen makalelerin gizli bilgi olduğunu ve bunun imtiyazlı bir iletişim olduğunu açıkça belirtir. Hakemler ve yayın kurulu üyeleri başka kişilerle makaleleri tartışamazlar. Hakemlerin kimliğinin gizli kalmasına özen gösterilmelidir.

DilDergide Türkçe, İngilizce, Almanca ve Fransızca makaleler yayınlanır. Gönderilen makalelerde makale dilinde öz, İngilizce öz ve İngilizce geniş özet olmalıdır. Ancak makale İngilizce ise, İngilizce geniş özet istenmez.Yazıların Hazırlanması ve Yazım KurallarıAksi belirtilmedikçe gönderilen yazılarla ilgili tüm yazışmalar ilk yazarla yapılacaktır. Makale gönderimi online olarak <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuceviri" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuceviri</a> sayfasından erişilen <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> üzerinden yapılmalıdır. Gönderilen yazılar, makale türünü belirten ve makaleyle ilgili detayları içeren (bkz: Son Kontrol Listesi) <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8E92EF6162F04AE1A1EF469362F9AE1B" target="_blank">Kapak Sayfası</a>; yazının elektronik formunu içeren Microsoft Word 2003 ve üzerindeki versiyonları ile yazılmış elektronik dosya ve tüm yazarların imzaladığı <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0EE4E63CBA2644A8858046970D1A0938" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a> eklenerek gönderilmelidir.1. Çalışmalar, A4 boyutundaki kağıdın bir yüzüne, üst, alt, sağ ve sol taraftan 2,5 cm. boşluk bırakılarak, 10 punto Times New Roman harf karakterleriyle ve 1,5 satır aralık ölçüsü ile hazılarlanmalıdır. Ana makale dosyası, çift taraflı kör hakemlik gereği yazar bilgilerini içermemelidir.2. Yayınlanmak üzere gönderilen makale ile birlikte yazar bilgilerini içeren <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8E92EF6162F04AE1A1EF469362F9AE1B" target="_blank">kapak sayfası</a> gönderilmelidir. Kapak sayfasında, makalenin başlığı, yazar veya yazarların bağlı bulundukları kurum ve unvanları, kendilerine ulaşılabilecek adresler, cep, iş numaraları ve e-posta adresleri yer almalıdır (bkz. Son Kontrol Listesi).3. Giriş bölümünden önce 180-200 sözcük arasında çalışmanın kapsamını, amacını, ulaşılan sonuçları ve kullanılan yöntemi kaydeden Türkçe ve İngilizce öz ile 600-800 kelimelik İngilizce genişletilmiş özet yer almalıdır. Çalışmanın İngilizce başlığı İngilizce özün üzerinde yer almalıdır. İngilizce ve Türkçe özlerin altında çalışmanın içeriğini temsil eden 5 İngilizce, 5 Türkçe anahtar kelime yer almalıdır. İngilizce genişletilmiş özet İngilizce olmayan makaleler için zorunludur.4. Çalışmaların başlıca şu unsurları içermesi gerekmektedir: Başlık, Türkçe öz ve anahtar kelimeler; yabancı dilde başlık, İngilizce öz ve anahtar kelimeler; İngilizce genişletilmiş özet, ana metin bölümleri, son notlar ve kaynaklar.5. Araştırma makalelerinde bölümler şu şekilde olmalıdır: “GİRİŞ”, “AMAÇ VE YÖNTEM”, “BULGULAR”, “TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ”, ”SON NOTLAR” “KAYNAKLAR” ve “TABLOLAR VE ŞEKİLLER”. Derleme ve yorum yazıları için ise, çalışmanın öneminin belirtildiği, sorunsal ve amacın somutlaştırıldığı “GİRİŞ” bölümünün ardından diğer bölümler gelmeli ve çalışma “TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ”, ”SON NOTLAR”, “KAYNAKLAR” ve “TABLOLAR VE ŞEKİLLER” şeklinde bitirilmelidir.6. Çalışmalarda tablo, grafik ve şekil gibi göstergeler numaralandırılarak, tanımlayıcı bir başlık ile birlikte verilmelidir.7. Referanslar derginin benimsediği <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">American Psychological Association (APA) 7</a> stiline uygun olarak hazırlanmalıdır.8. Kurallar dâhilinde dergimize yayınlanmak üzere gönderilen çalışmaların her türlü sorumluluğu ve çalışmada geçen görüşler yazar/yazarlarına aittir.

Yazım Kuralları

İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, metin içi alıntılama ve kaynak gösterme için APA (American Psychological Association) kaynak sitilinin 7. edisyonunu benimser. APA 7.Edisyon hakkında bilgi için:- American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org/</a>Kaynakların doğruluğundan yazar(lar) sorumludur. Tüm kaynaklar metinde belirtilmelidir. Kaynaklar aşağıdaki örneklerdeki gibi gösterilmelidir.Metin İçinde Kaynak GöstermeKaynaklar metinde parantez içinde yazarların soyadı ve yayın tarihi yazılarak belirtilmelidir. Birden fazla kaynak gösterilecekse kaynaklar arasında (;) işareti kullanılmalıdır. Kaynaklar alfabetik olarak sıralanmalıdır.Örnekler:Birden fazla kaynak;(Esin ve ark., 2002; Karasar 1995)Tek yazarlı kaynak;(Akyolcu, 2007)İki yazarlı kaynak;(Sayıner ve Demirci, 2007, s. 72)Üç, dört ve beş yazarlı kaynak;Üç ve daha çok yazarlı kaynaklarda ilk kullanımda da geçerli olmak üzere; (Ailen ve ark., 2000) Kaynaklar Bölümünde Kaynak GöstermeKullanılan tüm kaynaklar metnin sonunda ayrı bir bölüm halinde yazar soyadlarına göre alfabetik olarak numaralandırılmadan verilmelidir.Kaynak yazımı ile ilgili örnekler aşağıda verilmiştir.Kitapa) Dergimize Gönderilen Makale Türkçe Dilinde Yazıldıysa Kitap Referansı:Karasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (<a href="http://8.bs/" target="_blank">8. bs</a>). 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.Kamien, R. ve Kamien, A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. McGraw-Hill Education.b) Türkçeye Çevrilmiş Kitap:Mucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler (A. Kotil, Çev.). İletişim Yayınları. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1990, 7. Baskı)c) Editörlü KitapÖren, T., Üney, T. ve Çölkesen, R. (Ed.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi. Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Çok Yazarlı Türkçe KitapTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y. ve Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme. Total Bilişim.e) Dergimize Gönderilen makale İngilizce dilinde yazıldıysa Kitap Referansı:Karasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.Kamien, R., &amp; Kamien, A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. McGraw-Hill Education.f) Dergimize gönderilen makale Türkçe dilinde yazıldıysa Kitap İçerisinde Bölüm:Bassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. G. Hall ve C. Birchall (Ed.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory içinde (s. 220–237). Edinburgh University Press.g)  Dergimize gönderilen makale İngilizce dilinde yazıldıysa Kitap İçerisinde BölümBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237).  Edinburgh University Press.Erkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Dora Basım Yayın.h) Yayımcının ve Yazarın Kurum Olduğu YayınTürk Standartları Enstitüsü. (1974). Adlandırma ilkeleri. Yazar.Makalea) Dergimize Gönderilen Makale Türkçe Dilinde Yazıldıysa Makale Referansı:Mutlu, B. ve Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 15(60), 179–182.b) Dergimize Gönderilen Makale İngilizce Dilinde Yazıldıysa Makale Referansı:de Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Yirmiden Fazla Yazarlı MakaleKalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40- year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. <a href="http://doi.org/fg6rf9" target="_blank">http://doi.org/fg6rf9</a>d) DOI’si Olmayan Online Edinilmiş MakaleAl, U. ve Doğan, G. (2012). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü tezlerinin atıf analizi. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26, 349–369. Erişim adresi: http://www.tk.org.tr/e) DOI’si Olan MakaleTurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 07317131003765910f) Advance Online Olarak Yayımlanmış MakaleSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Popüler Dergi MakalesiSemercioğlu, C. (2015, Haziran). Sıradanlığın rayihası. Sabit Fikir, 52, 38–39.Tez, Sunum, Bildiria) Türkçe TezlerSarı, E. (2008). Kültür kimlik ve politika: Mardin’de kültürlerarasılık. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi.b)Ticari Veritabanında Yer Alan Yüksek Lisans Ya da Doktora TeziVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 9943436)c) Kurumsal Veritabanında Yer Alan İngilizce Yüksek Lisans/Doktora TeziYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalid) Web’de Yer Alan İngilizce Yüksek Lisans/Doktora TeziTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley).  http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/phd/ickapak.htmle) Dissertations Abstracts International’da Yer Alan Yüksek Lisans/Doktora TeziAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.f) Sempozyum KatkısıKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at American Psychological Association meeting, Orlando, FL.g) Online Olarak Erişilen Konferans Bildiri ÖzetiÇınar, M., Doğan, D. ve Seferoğlu, S. S. (2015, Şubat). Eğitimde dijital araçlar: Google sınıf uygulaması üzerine bir değerlendirme [Öz]. Akademik Bilişim Konferansında sunulan bildiri, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir. Erişim adresi: http://ab2015.anadolu.edu.tr /index.php?menu=5&amp;submenu=27h) Düzenli Olarak Online Yayımlanan BildirilerHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593-12598.http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105i) Kitap Şeklinde Yayımlanan BildirilerSchneider, R. (2013). Research data literacy. S. Kurbanoğlu ve ark. (Ed.), Communications in Computer and Information Science: Vol. 397. Worldwide Communalities and Challenges in Information Literacy Research and Practice içinde (s. 134–140). Cham, İsviçre: Springer.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03919-0j) Kongre BildirisiÇepni, S., Bacanak A. ve Özsevgeç T. (2001, Haziran). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fen branşlarına karşı tutumları ile fen branşlarındaki başarılarının ilişkisi. X. [Sözlü Sunum] Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu.Diğer Kaynaklara) Gazete YazısıToker, Ç. (2015, 26 Haziran). ‘Unutma’ notları. Cumhuriyet, s. 13.b) Online Gazete YazısıTamer, M. (2015, 26 Haziran). E-ticaret hamle yapmak için tüketiciyi bekliyor. Milliyet. Erişim adresi: http://www.milliyet.com.trc) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. 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