Ayşen

Prof.

About the 64th issue,

Hasan

Assoc. Prof.

On the occasion of the 64th issue of Connectist,

Zarqa

Jyoti

Use of social media for seeking information  about COVID-19 and people’s preventive  behaviour: managing the pandemic in Aotearoa  New Zealand

Bayram

Özlem

Sharing sufficient and accurate information about a crisis with the public during times of crisis plays an important role in crisis communication, and the transfer of information through the right channels and sources forms the basis of a reliable relationship. Influencers are expressed as opinion leaders and play an important role in the formation of public opinion on any subject or institution. Influencers were known in the past as people who convey the information they receive from the traditional media to the public and are now expressed as famous influential people who actively use social media and have many followers. When considering how digital society follows every development through digital media, the content influencers share on social media regarding crisis communications influences the public. Social media is known to change the source, effect, and speed of crises, and the rapid spread of crisis information also affects the masses quickly. Therefore, time pressure has increased with social media, and rapid crisis response has become an important issue. The purpose of this research is to find who the most influential actors on the information flow are during the post-crisis period regarding Twitter as an example platform and to reveal the relationship between users’ social media traits and control of the flow of information. In this context, the study looks at the number of followers and number of accounts followed based on users’ social media features to test the hypotheses regarding the relationships between in-degree and out-degree centrality measures, as well as for betweenness centrality. In order to achieve the study’s aim, the study data were collected from the Twitter platform during the post-flood period and flooding crisis that had resulted from the heavy rains that started on August 11,&nbsp;2021 in the Western Black Sea Region, with the study applying social network analysis and appropriate statistical analyses to the data. Social networking platforms such as Twitter allow their members to become friends, to follow friends, or become fans of other members. The connections created on these platforms can be aggregated into a social map or network graph that defines who is connected to whom or who interacts with whom. Social network analysis helps to understand the interactions between platform users and their ties through network parameters on these platforms or through metrics that represent the network created by these ties. These metrics can be used to measure interactions, rank nodes, or ties and to identify influential actors in a network. As a result of the analysis applied to the obtained data, the findings show that users with many followers had received more links and information about the flood disaster, which caused these users to be more effective in the network. However, the study also revealed users with many followers on the Twitter platform to have received few connections and little information about the flood, which then negatively reflected onto the betweenness centrality criterion that shows their position in the network. Making a categorical classification of the most influential actors during the Western Black Sea floods crisis showed individual accounts, state actors, and media actors to be present. When making an evaluation in this context, one should consider the communication strategy that is planned for spreading information on social networks in times of crisis and have influential users get involved with this information; the number of followers and follow-ups these accounts receive should also be considered, as well as their internal and external interactions. In this way, information regarding the public opinions formed on social networks can first be disseminated to different groups through effective users. Moreover, understanding influencers’ traits can be said to help improve the visibility of corporate accounts and allow them to better connect with target audiences for crisis management.

Post-crisis information dissemination and social media usage characteristics: An analysis of the west black sea flood disaster network

Murat

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Serhat

Selçuk

Regarding the concept of time, many thinkers in the fields of history, philosophy, physics, literature, and sociology have tried to put forward a comprehensive definition for it. The concept of time is frequently discussed in terms of its ontological existence and absence, its chronological flow or virtuality, its relationship with ideology and production forms, its position in daily life, and differences in perception and relativity and has also been one of the most important elements of art. As a matter of fact, similarities and differences are found between the direct relationship time has with people and the production of time and art. In general, a relationship exists between the potential art has to produce an aesthetic force on people and the creation of time with art or cinema in particular. French film theorist Gilles Deleuze (1989) was one of the first names to reveal this relationship by categorizing time in cinema. Two basic Deleuzian concepts are related to the concept of time in the philosophy of cinema. The first of these concepts is motion-image, which is based on Newtonian physics and the ancient philosophical tradition. The second is the time-image, which is read in the context of a quantum understanding regarding physics, of Bergson (2005) regarding philosophy, and of the modernity criticism in sociology.The time-image concept is used to describe an important philosophical trend in cinema that started in the 1950s and continues until today. Time-image is an important heading in Deleuze’s (1989) film classification and refers to images that Henri Bergson (2005) has described as being filled with time. Deleuze speaks of images of time in a&nbsp;&nbsp;wide variety of genres and forms produced on screen. The definition of time-image in Deleuze’s (1989) Cinema II offers a philosophical and mathematical explanation for different aspects of the time-image. As Deleuze defines it, time-image emerges as an image beyond movement that can be recognized as images of duration, images of change, images of relationship, and images of volume through different processes. Deleuze’s methodological approach to time ranges from motion-image and from an indirect image of time that comes from the emotional domains of cognition, perception, and events to a direct image of time. Deleuze described the direct time-image as the ghost that has always haunted cinema and states that modern cinema should give this ghost a body. Contrary to the actuality of the movement-image, the time-image is virtual.In accordance with the time model he adopted from Henri Bergson (2005), the crystalline or multifaceted structure of Deleuze’s time-image is created by the matching, mirroring, and indistinguishable oscillating of the virtual past with the real present. Accordingly, the past can be accessed by the shortest route when a current image or event triggers a relationship with a similar image or event in another layer of the past. As the past and the present merge in this remembrance, the time-image emerges. Time crystals, or time-images, allow time to escape an event and move within the event, thus creating stronger cinema. Meanwhile, movement-image is based on an organic regime of identity, unity, and integrity. In this case, one encounters a deterministic universe in which events are connected in a chronological continuum. Inevitably, a past emerges that leads to the present, and one has faith in a future that will exist and that can be predicted from the present. Alternatively, the time-image regime replaces this deterministic universe with a probabilistic one.In postwar films, directors realized that, just as the image of motion can be used to create tension, the image of time can also be used to create introspection. In mainstream cinema, however, the tension was realized with various cinematographic arrangements. The tension produced in such films in which the motion-image is dominant is related to uncertainty. In the relationship among time, image, and tension, the uncertainty that causes tension is never seen to be terminated, with the expected information never being given to the audience. In this context, the time-image cinema presented by Deleuze creates a feeling of uncertainty in the audience that is stronger than the motion-image cinema presents and is open to introspection. Unlike motion-image cinema that removes the sense of tension experienced by the audience by eliminating&nbsp;the uncertainty it creates, time-image cinema makes the uncertainty and accordingly the feeling of tension permanent.This study uses the method of philosophical criticism to examine the film I’m Thinking of Ending Everything (Kaufman, 2020), which is thought to philosophize about itself, and how it does this. The study examines how the film creates tension as an aesthetic strategy along the axis of the concepts of time-image and crystal image that enable a film to philosophize about itself, and the concepts of chronosigns, lectosigns, and noosigns, which Deleuze (1989) borrowed from Pierce and adapted to the cinema. The film presents a direct image of time with the narrative it constructs by bringing the past to the present. The cinematic use of time-image also enabled the production of a sense of tension by creating uncertainty in the film. While the film subjectivizes the narrative with the frequent use of a voice-over narrator, the audience encounters a narrative that does not convey the story information and interrupts the narrative flow, instead of a narrator who supports the image. The dissonance between the image and the sound not only increases the ambiguities in the story by interrupting the audience’s creation of an integrated temporal perception, but also makes the narrative open to new occurrences. The incongruous, disconnected narrative structure of the film, in which imagination and reality are intertwined, pushes the narrative into the background and allows the audience to be freed from the way of perceiving and thinking that is given with the crystal regime. The uncertainty created by not disclosing a lot of narrative information in the film has enabled the sense of tension to gain continuity as the timeimage brings the past and the present together.

The existence of tension in the context of the time-image concept: The film I’m thinking of ending things

Nevzat

Prof. Dr.

Deniz

Günay Motif

Discovering banner blindness for different  banner formats: An eye-tracking study

Erdinç

Res. Assist.

Higher education has begun transforming in line with the needs of the new liberal era since the beginning of the 1980s, and institutions have been reorganized in accordance with this new period. Universities represent an advanced stage in transforming knowledge into goods and services. The fascinating idea of universities has given way to an instrumental position where professionalization is subordinated to market principles. Science and technology are employed to provide the skills needed by the market, and higher education has been seen as guiding this professionalization.Universities as economic actors bring the professionals information society needs into the workforce. Universities are based on accountability under all these conditions and in this way strive to eliminate a legitimation crisis. Quality assurance and accreditation have come to the fore in this context. Universities aim to reinforce their presence to attract students to their programs, increase their effectiveness, show society that they are economically and socially transparent, ensure compliance with the market’s demands, and show that they possess innovative qualified pedagogies.&nbsp;Accreditation is one of the most preferred quality assurance methods and is defined as a tool for quality assessment and accountability based on professional standards. In this respect, accreditation has spread worldwide.Previous studies on accreditation in communication education focus on i) the value of accreditation in terms of communication education, ii) its function and benefits for institutions, and iii) its disadvantages. Meanwhile, how academicians perceive accreditation continues to be a matter of academic curiosity. The subject of this study is to examine how communication programs in Türkiye are accredited in the context of administrator academicians’ views.&nbsp;Few studies in the literature have documented academicians’ perceptions of the accreditation process in communication education. The current research aims to explore the views of administrator academicians who are deans, vice deans, or heads of departments in their institutions regarding how communication education is accredited in Türkiye. The study presents the following research questions (RQs) within the framework of the main problem area and subject:&nbsp;RQ1: According to administrator academicians, why has the need for accreditation arisen in communication programs?&nbsp;RQ2: What comments do administrator academicians have about the accreditation evaluation criteria?RQ3: What are the benefits and drawbacks of accreditation in communication education?RQ4: Does a difference exist between accredited communication programs and non-accredited communication programs in terms of the expectations from the public and the sector? RQ5: Does a difference exist between academicians who work in public universities and those who work in private universities regarding their perceptions regarding accreditation?This study uses a qualitative design and qualitative research techniques to collect the needed data. The study interviews 11 administrator academicians working in undergraduate communication programs within Türkiye. The study sample has been selected using multi-stage sampling, with proportional stratified and purposive sampling being used to ensure that the groups in the universe are represented in proportion to&nbsp;their weights. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted face-to-face or online to ask the participants open-ended questions. Accordingly, the interviews were completed between December 13, 2022-January 5, 2023 and lasted between 18-31 minutes. The interviews were recorded with the permission of the interviewees. The obtained data have been classified under specific themes and titles using a thematic coding approach.Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. In order to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants, no identifying information such as names and institution names has been used, with the participants being referred to according to a participation code. These codes include the unique participant (P) and the number in which they were interviewed (e.g., P1, P2) is used in the Findings section to identify the participant being quoted. In addition, this study has received ethical approval from Beykoz University’s ethics committee.The participants opined accreditation in communication education in Türkiye has relatively small problems in practice alongside benefits and potential. Moreover, the participants think accreditation provides more crucial output for the functioning of the faculty and program rather than for institutional reputation. Although the participants disagree that accreditation carries the risk of convergence between different programs, they agreed that it is still a practice that should be preferred.&nbsp;The points this study draws attention to can be a guide for administrator academicians working in communication programs that have an accreditation process or that aim to enter an accreditation process. This study can also provide benefits by eliminating the lack of knowledge regarding accreditation.

Accreditation of communication education in Türkiye: Research on the views of administrator academicians in accredited programs

Oday

Özen

Assist. Prof. Dr.

An analysis of social media content shared  by right-wing extremist groups in the United  States, the Great Britain and Australia

Alparslan

Nation branding and sustainability: A comparative analysis of European countries

Cookies are small text files that facilitate the information exchange between a remote server and the device accessing the information. In 1994, Lou Montulli and John Giannadrea invented HTTP cookies while working at Netscape to enhance website user experience. Montulli and Giannadrea placed a file on the user’s device to remember which products were added to the shopping cart and kept the product information in that file. Each time the user visits the shopping site, the remote server communicates with the user device and reads the text in the cookie, which contains information about the products in the basket. Engineers did not find it necessary to obtain permission from users when placing cookies. Over time, the dramatic increase in Internet access and the growth of the digital industry have allowed cookies to be used for different purposes.Currently, cookies are classified into various categories based on their source, purpose, and duration of use. Source-based cookies are divided into two types: 1) firstparty cookies, which are placed by the website itself, and 2) third-party cookies, which are placed by another actor through the website. The purpose of use is categorized under four types: 1) necessary cookies that help the website work correctly (such as adding a product to a shopping cart), 2) preference cookies that personalize user preferences, 3) analytic cookies that collect information about website usage, and 4) advertising cookies that aim to display data-based ads. Duration of-use cookies have two types: 1) session cookies that self-destruct when the website visit ends, and, 2) persistent cookies that are stored on the device for longer periods. Many types of cookies exist today, and while some are considered necessary and do not require explicit user consent, many others do.&nbsp;The use of cookies, especially for advertising and analytical purposes, and the way many third-party cookies collect data about users, cause much controversy these days.&nbsp;Legal regulations have been established to protect personal data and impose conditions requiring explicit consent regarding the use of cookies. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was enacted in Europe in 2018, and the Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK) was enacted in Türkiye in 2016; these are the most up-to-date legal regulations for protecting personal data. Companies such as Google, Meta, and Twitter in Europe were fined for not using cookies in accordance with the law, while Amazon faced a similar penalty in Türkiye. Guidelines prepared by data protection authorities on how to implement cookies serve as a guide for websites. Accordingly, websites must obtain explicit consent from users for cookies other than the necessary ones and must provide proper information about the use of cookies.&nbsp;This study analyzes whether websites receive explicit consent from users about the use of cookies and how they present the cookie consent notification. The sample for the research consists of Türkiye’s 50 most-visited news sites, which were considered a suitable sample due to many users regularly visiting news sites. The study first captured the cookies on the websites using the CookieBot, Brave Browser, and Get cookies.txt browser plugin, and then performed a manual content analysis. The research was conducted between May 11, 2022 and May 19, 2022, with a total of 6,271 cookies being detected on the 50 news sites. Of these, 672 were necessary cookies, while 5,599 were unnecessary cookies. Yenicaggazetesi.com.tr was found to be the news site that placed the most cookies on user’s device, with a total of 489 cookies.&nbsp;Of the websites, 28% displayed no consent notification banners to the user indicating that they were placing cookies. In other words, 14 news sites placed cookies on users’ devices, without giving any notification, let alone asking for approval. The vast majority of the remaining sites offered no option for obtaining explicit consent when presenting the cookie notice, or simply provided an option to accept them. Half of the sites that display cookie consent notifications included the phrase “By visiting this site, you accept the use of cookies.” However, by law, visiting a website is not a valid reason for cookie usage to be accepted. This study is expected to raise awareness for the development of cookie usage notifications that respect user preferences and privacy.

“By browsing this site, you accept cookies”: Research on the cookie usage permissions of news sites in Türkiye

Ebru

A theoretical discussion on the scope and the dimensions of activist public relations

Television in the Global South  Call for Papers: Special Issue of Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences and Online Conference

Special 69th Issue “Health Communication” Call for Papers

About the 66th issue

Badran

Tevhide

Remarks from the guest editors

Adwoa

Lecturer

Role of digital media as political communication tools in elections: A study on political science students at a public university in Ghana

Melis

Cihan

A field research on the effect of consumer sensitivity to equality in gender roles on their involvement in advertisements

Sertaç

Assist. Prof.

Use of free labour in the media within the scope of citizen journalism: A case study of the main news bulletin on Show TV

Salvatore

New media and communication in creative society: A systematic review of articles published between 2012 and 2024, indexed in Web of Science

Çiçek

Meral

The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye

Simge

Mert

A bibliometric analysis of extended reality research trends in communication studies written in English: Mapping the increasing adoption of extended reality technologies

Derya

Elif

From pandemic to post-pandemic: Understanding the digital platform usage experiences of older people

Yusuf

Recep

Serdar

A study on Kahramanmaraş Earthquake survivors : “Social media platforms were more effectively used than the traditional media”

Erkan

Abdullah

The optimal time-lag for media’s third-level agenda-setting effect

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Ulaş Başar

Our era of surveillance capitalism is characterized by pervasive rather than targeted surveillance. Currently, the big brother is not watching the dissidents but everybody for a tiny probability of disobedience. In the past there were mainly two kinds of surveillance: Physical chase which means undercover agents following the target anti-government figures in person and technical chase which mostly corresponds to phone taps. However nowadays there is no need for physical chase, as technical chase replaced it and expanded the areas and ‘opportunities’ of surveillance through ubiquitous surveillance devices including CCTVs, mobile tracking, net tracking etc.&nbsp;Citizenship education offered in schools that can form the basis of antisurveillance activism is usually from the governments’ perspective. A critical sense of citizenship is rarely promoted in these official contexts. Thus, acquisition of critical citizenship consciousness is usually through peer learning at informal and nonformal settings. In many countries, adults and especially young adults join protests, and usually they acquire citizenship education skills and knowledge in a blended way whereby offline and online political activisms support each other. Thus ICTs usually utilized for entertainment are educationalized to serve the pedagogical interests of the citizens. They learn more on social media about citizenship education than the formal citizenship education courses.&nbsp;We should reflect on informal and non-formal forms of critical citizenship education via ICTs including but not only limited to social media platforms. We propose that in order not to formalize and institutionalize citizens’ actively acquired critical citizenship skills and knowledge, the disconnect between formal non-critical, official forms of citizenship education and informal, non-formal, blended and citizen-based critical citizenship education should continue. Under the funding of governments or corporations, the criticality of citizenship education will be limited. That is why, citizens should support and develop their own citizenship initiatives and resources in both online and offline settings. The citizen and consumer rights movements are the perfect matches for such an endeavor.&nbsp;In the case of activist uses of social media, a remarkable point is the fact that most of the Internet users voluntarily release personal information on the web. They are&nbsp;fulfilling their needs for recognition, reputation, socialization etc. Thus, activist use of social media should be able to identify the motivations behind voluntary release of personal information and be cautious about what to share and not to share on social media. This brings up the notion of social media literacy. However, since social media literacy is not necessarily critical, as it may develop on the basis of conservative reactions to the corruption of traditional society by the influence of computers and internet, this literacy should be critical. Hence we have the term ‘critical social media literacy’ as a better match.&nbsp;Even under ubiquitous surveillance capitalism, either through literacies or by other means, we should still find the ways to resist. Citizen data activism can be about surveilling the corporate surveillers themselves. Data activist citizens can feed a website with corporate surveillance practices that they find unethical. Unlike the government who justifies surveillance on the basis of security, corporations have no excuse for surveilling other than maximizing profits. Under pre-big-data capitalism, a number of initiatives were successful to protect and promote consumer rights. For citizen data activism, those websites need upgrades to surveil the surveillers.&nbsp;&nbsp;Citizen data activism should be in close collaboration with citizen science movements which capitalize on crowdsourcing for scientific purposes. We need to develop alternatives to surveillers by collecting and interpreting our own data –to break ‘the monopoly of interpretation’ as stated previously.&nbsp;We urge data activists and rights movements to unite their forces for mutual benefit. The search on Google Scholar for ‘data activism’ and ‘consumer rights’ bring out almost no results. Same holds for ‘data activism’ and ‘rights movements’, and for ‘data activism’ and ‘social solidarity’, while a higher number of results are listed for ‘data activism’ and ‘human rights’ although the number is far from satisfactory considering the possible links between the two. This picture clearly shows that the links mentioned here are uncharted and understudied.&nbsp;To conclude, the resistance against big data, the new big brother is not in vain and neither hopeless. Instead, there are potentials not even utilized and links not considered. Through this article on data activism, our hope has been to show a way of resistance to be argued, elaborated on and ultimately evaluated in terms of its merits and demerits by the decision makers of the rights movements.

Data Activism: Reviving, Extending and Upgrading Critical Citizenship Education and Consumer Rights Movements

Ezgi

Cammaerts (2007, p. 217) defines activism as the ability to create or change history. Digital technologies help to create a new channel for activism. Internet activism or rather, social media activism, is a sub-type of digital activism. According to the literature there are certain types of digital activism such as slacktivism, clicktivism, and hacktivism. Considine (2003, p. 134) refers to two types of digital activism strategies. The first one supports real life activism via digital content, and the second one is content created by activists just for the digital media and the Internet. Celebrities have been important figures in activism for a long time. Celebrity activism can be seen as the celebrity endorsement strategy of non-governmental organisations. Celebrities can be helpful for different issues such as raising awareness, fundraising, etc. However, if the celebrity activism and the celebrity involved in the cause are not sincere then this strategy does not work well. Celebrity activism is associated with role modeling, and McCracken’s meaning transfer model. According to McCracken’s (1989) meaning transfer model, consumers have certain perceptions of celebrities and those perceptions are transfered to the brand through celebrity endorsement. This also works for non-governmental organisations and social causes. Huddart (2005) developed a model for celebrity and civil society engagement. According to his model there are 4 types of celebrities in activism, namely; Patron, Spokesperson, Ambassador/Author, and Visionary Leader. Digital technologies are now serving as a new tool for activism. They are also serving as a new tool for celebrityactivism. Being a celebrity can only be possible through constant interaction with the public, and social media provides a good channel for interaction. Celebrities can join activist movements via their social media accounts by tweeting, using hashtags, etc. or they can start their own. Moreover, celebrities have a chance to reach a wider audience on their social media accounts.This study aims to examine celebrities’ reflections of their activist efforts and their activist celebrity identities on their social media accounts. In line with this objective, Haluk Levent’s (a Turkish singer) official Twitter account was examined using purposive sampling. There are multiple reasons for this choice of celebrity. First of all, Haluk Levent’s popularity has increased through his celebrity activist image. Secondly, it is seen that his number of Twitter followers is increasing steadily. This can be interpreted as his growing ability to reach more people, and to be reached by more people. The analysis was conducted using the content analysis technique. The analysis was limited to the period between October 15, 2018 and December 15, 2018. In total, 513 posts were examined.As a result of the study, it was determined that the majority of the posts belonged to the official Twitter account and 8.1% of the posts were retweets. The majority of the retweets belonged to the non-governmental organization established by Haluk Levent. This can be interpreted as his efforts to focus attention on his organization and the efforts of volunteers. The majority of the tweets had visual content. Visuals are considered as helpful tools to attract followers’ attention. The majority of the tweets were related to ‘Health’ issues, followed by ‘Donations and Scholarships’. When the text tone was examined it was seen that a warm tone was used in both activist content and non-activist content. This can be interpreted as him attempting to establish intimacy with his followers and to encourage them to work cooperatively. Finally, according to the celebrity activism model and his Twitter usage, he can be categorized as a ‘Spokesperson’.As a result, it can be said that the findings of the content analysis are consistent with the literature. First of all, he is known as a person who supports social aid on social media, and this is supported by his tweets. In the literature it is said that being a celebrity relies on the interaction and intimacy between the celebrity persona and the audience. This also applies to celebrity activism. His Twitter usage shows just such an example of establishing intimacy between the celebrity, audience, and activism.

Celebrities in Digital Activism: An Evaluation of  ‘Ahbap Platformu’

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Övünç Meriç

This article focuses on how the influence of online new media ecology has affected disability activism in Turkey. The framework of this article is ‘network society’ (Van Dijk, 2016) and ‘digital activism (Joyce, 2010). Van Dijk (2016) has observed the rise of the network society and according to that, he defines network society as communication networks that shape the most important forms of an organization in a society.&nbsp;New media technologies bring new ways for citizens and movements to mobilize and to organize. Joyce (2010) stated that citizens around the world have become increasingly aware of and interested in the expanding use of digital technologies - mobile phones and internet-enabled devices for example - in campaigns for social and political change. These practices, which we refer to as ‘digital activism’ have been reported by journalists, dissected by bloggers and eagerly studied by scholars. Students’ activities and enthusiast wish to understand and replicate the most effective tactics (Joyce, 2010).&nbsp;The transformation of traditional media into new media has initiated a new userdominated content publishing/broadcasting era. In the rise of the social media era, activists have made less dependent on traditional media like newspapers or televisions. Some researcher claim that new media offers some opportunities for&nbsp;‘non-elite’ actors and marginalized or disadvantaged groups to acquire visibility in the public sphere (Chadwick, 2013). In the west, some research shows that although the growth in digital activism has initiated new strategies for disability protest, its ability to influence traditional news media debates remains pivotal to its effectiveness and power to represent the voice of disabled people (Pearson &amp; Trevisan, 2015).&nbsp;Within the context of the literature reviewed, this article examines six main research questions:1. What are the socio-demographic characteristics of users who produce the digital content related to disability? 2. What are the occupations and interests of users who produce digital content on disability? 3. What is the geographical distribution of digital content produced on disability in Turkey? In which areas is the right to disability advocacy concentrated? 4. What kind of content has been produced by sharing the disabled hashtag in the digital environment? 5. What types of online media distribution in disability-related content produced in Turkey? Which platforms are used mostly to generate content? 6. How and for which purposes do disabled activists use new media?There are a growing number of options open to researchers seeking to capture and analyze online content. Network analysis tools increasingly used – reflecting a shift in the understanding and practice of the Web as a dynamic social context. In this study, open source new media monitoring tool is used. Monitoring tools allow for collecting and analyzing real-time information. In this article, content analysis technique was used to evaluate the data sets and the findings were evaluated through descriptive method. The notion ‘disabled’ as a term is searched through newspapers and online news, TV / Radio, news agencies, blogs, forums, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, EkşiSözlük. Data for the research is collected between 19-26th of January 2019.&nbsp;According to the results of the web content analysis: young adults between 18 and 34 years of age produced more content for disabled people than older adults aged between 55 and 64+. The gender distribution of the content about disability in the online environment, it was found that male users produced more content (61.5%). The percentage of women in content production is 38.5%. According to the&nbsp;conversation map, most active users in Turkey, live in Ankara, İstanbul, İzmir, and Eskişehir (73.2%). The share of media types analyze has shown that the most popular online environment and digital activist tool is Twitter (84.8%).Disabled people produced the content with the same theme (for example, they want to increase disabled quota from the 3 percent to 5 percent than shared a tweet with #disabledquota5percent) in Twitter to spread this content throughout the country and has contributed to creating well-targeted online networks. This analysis has shown how disabled activists have positioned themselves beyond the traditional activism and mainstream media barriers which have using online environments like Twitter and other social network platforms.

Online Outsiders: A Research on Digital Disabled Activism in Turkey

Akan

Mikail

The most obvious benefit of the new media emerging as a result of convergence is that it begins to easily convey all the information, ideas and facts, without any political, social and geographical boundaries. Although this benefit more often enables the transformation and globalization of communication systems, it has also made possible the rise of global protest networks (Ayers &amp; Maccaughey, 2003). Today, the potentials offered by the new media for social collective movements are more likely seen in practices such as co-ordinating activities, meeting and mobilizing new activists, planning protests and publicizing highly strategic information. However, recent studies emphasize that new media should focus not only on cost-effective solutions created in communication techniques, but also on new motivations, creative and tactical potential, propagation speed, participation frequency and power of legitimacy which are added to the collective actions. However, the detailed literature review in this study shows that although the technical and functional relationship between new media and activism is explicit, its effects on activist participation psychology and the capacity to create sustainable solutions are highly controversial. While the studies focusing on the intensity of online participation and&nbsp;the frequency of messages created by the new media in social movements shows an optimistic table, studies focusing on offline participation forms, sustainability and psychological details emphasize pessimistic results.According to techno-supporters who focus on the process of technologysupported cognitive demonstrations and who are optimistic about the relationship between activism and new media, the new media has created an activist approach that forms creative collective identities with the opportunities it offers, calls for transnational support by transcending borders, and organizes demonstrations against political pressures. Thus, the new media is the new intersection point between the social context, the political objective and the actional stance, which create social movements. At this point of intersection, the new media first settles into daily practices with functional benefit and then transforms the practices of creating needs, ideas, and actions with new usage behaviours and transformed media literacy. In other words, as a result of mobility, advanced interface and multimedia supported infrastructure, firstly the practices and media literacy changes, and subsequently the typographic and phonetic signification practices in communication begin to transform. Techno-supporters argue that this transformation process directly supports the idealistic concepts such as multicenterism, liberty, disconnection, cooperation and accessibility in the ideological infrastructure of social movements (Tarrow, 2011). The techno-supporter front, who views the new media as the most important center of media democracy and symbolizes it as ‘media carta’, supports this argument by the emergence of new types of digital activism and by the fact that the actions it carries out can create sensational effects. The optimistic approaches of the techno-supporters have been tried to be conveyed under the umbrella of cyber activism via new activist methods such as clicktivism, netactivism, smartmob, cyberdisobedience, hacktivism, cybervigilantism, netwarism and cyberterrorism.Techno-critics address the new media with the critical theories put forward by the representatives of Marshall McLuhan and the Frankfurt School, and seeing it as a global ideological device, state that it is an area that needs to be carefully managed. In addition, it is emphasized that the level of autonomy that the new media, which is announced as the new instrument of revolution in the events like Arab Spring and seen as the new fourth force, provides for such powerful promises is highly controversial. That is to say, the liberties and the opportunities offered for the production of content provide an asymmetric autonomy for the access and&nbsp;distribution of the created content. For example, it is completely enigmatic when a content spreading through popular monopolized platforms such as Google, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter will pass through Sandbox-style filter algorithms placed on search consoles, and on which page or how often it will be accessed after being ranked. According to Horkheimer and Adorno (2002), as the sovereignty of this intelligent digital status quo, developed by algorithms, becomes legitimate, the presentations in the media will be seen as the only reality, and this situation, as predicted by techno-supporters, will result in a homology that imposes uniformity under the name of harmony rather than diversity of ideas. From this point of view, some techno-critics consider the analogous mass, called the new subject, as populist intellectuals with low self-consciousness and interpret cyber activism as ‘slacktivism’, i.e. activism of the lazy (Christensen, 2011). Consequently, two basic facts lie in the essence of the techno-critics’ thoughts. First, focusing on the potential benefits of the new media with complex adaptive and SPIN characteristics but ignoring the tyrannies it might legitimize may cause huge fallacies and consequences. The second point of criticism emphasized by the techno-critics is ignoring the fact that the change that the media will initiate in the reading style would cover a large area such as media literacy and have psychological effects. Techno-critics, pointing out to conformist individualization as those rushing to leave a mark behind by Gramsci (1997) emphasize that an activism that develops based on the belief in feeling good and not the belief in making a difference is a conformist approach and the enthusiasm and motivation directed by the media as the subject cannot make the actions sustainable.In conclusion, this study provides a technical and theoretical explanation that focuses on the effect of new media on the social, communicative, psychological and ideological dynamics underlying the collective social movements. Therefore, the perceptions and motives that enable the individual to participate in collective or individualistic networks in contemporary society, the debates between passive digital participation and active participation suggested as the new model of activism, and the important paradoxes in digital collective social movements will be further clarified.

Rich (New) Media Poor Activism Debates on Activism Movements in New Media

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Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences is an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly and international journal that has been published biannually in June and December since 1992.  The articles submitted for publication in the journal must be scientific and original works in English or Turkish. 

Connectist publishes articles both from national and international communities, and focuses on systems, theories, methods, and applications in communication. Research articles and reviews covering all aspects of communication are published to provide a platform for scientific knowledge exchange between academic researchers, communication professionals and policymakers. Contributions from anthropology, philosophy, history, political science, psychology, and all other fields are welcome, provided they offer relevant and insightful commentary on communication. 

The target audience of the journal includes academics, researchers, professionals, students, and relevant academic and professional organisations. 

Istanbul University covers all expenses for the journal. No article processing charges or submission fees are required for submitted or accepted articles. A rigorous double-blind peer-review evaluation is implemented in the journal.

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Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences is an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly and international journal that has been published biannually in June and December since 1992.  The articles submitted for publication in the journal must be scientific and original works in English or Turkish. The aim of the journal is to publish research articles and reviews from both international and national communities, providing an intellectual platform for academic researchers, communication professionals, and policymakers to share scientific knowledge across all fields of communication sciences. To encourage academic dialogue on an international scale, the journal has organised virtual international meetings and conferences in collaboration with esteemed universities and colleagues worldwide since 2022.  As such, the journal aims to expand international contributions, collaborations and authorship opportunities. Additionally, the journal provides its authors with international visibility, as it is indexed in several international research databases: Web of Science Core Collection - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Erih Plus, EBSCO Communication Source, ProQuest Central, ProQuest Turkey Database, ProQuest Social Sciences Database, and ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection. The journal is indexed in TUBITAK ULAKBIM TR Index as well. Connectist focuses on systems, theories, methods, and applications in communication and publishes research articles and reviews covering all aspects of communication. Theoretical and/or applied research articles that explore current debates in the social sciences, humanities, and contemporary communication research fields, both disciplinary and interdisciplinary are welcome. A rigorous double-blind peer-review evaluation is implemented in the journal. The target audience of the journal includes academics, researchers, professionals, students, and relevant academic and professional organisations.

Aim and Scope

Web of Science Core Collection - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)TUBİTAK-ULAKBİM TR Index EBSCO Communication SourceProQuest Central, ProQuest Turkey DatabaseProQuest Social Sciences DatabaseProQuest Social Sciences Premium CollectionDOAJErih PlusSOBIAD

Indexing and Abstracting

Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences is committed to abide by the highest standards of publication ethics. It adopts the ethical publishing principles of the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a> and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a>. For the principles expressed under the heading of “Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing”, please visit the link below: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publishers) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be compatible with the aim and scope of the journal. Only the manuscripts that are original, not published (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under review of any other publication simultaneously are accepted for evaluation. The manuscripts must also be approved by each author in terms of its content and submission.The name of any author cannot be deleted from the manuscript without the permission of all authors. A new author name cannot be included in the manuscript, and author order cannot be changed without the permission of all authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are accepted as unethical behaviors. All manuscripts that do not comply with the accepted ethical standards are removed from the publication. If a manuscript with illegal and/or unethical features is realized after its publication, it is also removed from the publication.Plagiarism Check Pre-controlled manuscripts are scanned for plagiarism via using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism is detected, the authors are informed. If necessary, editors might check the manuscript for plagiarism at various stages of the evaluation or production process. High similarity percentages might cause a manuscript to be rejected before or even after it is accepted.For a manuscript to be published the similarity percentage must be less than 15% depending on the category of the manuscript.Double-Blind Peer Review Process <div>After the plagiarism check, the appropriate manuscripts are evaluated by the editor-in-chief in terms of originality, method, importance of the subject and the compatibility with the scope of the journal. The editor-in-chief presents the manuscripts complying with the formal principles to the evaluation of at least two referees from Turkey and / or abroad, and ensures that they pass through a fair double-blind refereeing. The editor-in-chief approves the publication of the manuscript after the necessary changes requested by the referees are done by the author(s).</div>

Policies

Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This principle is compatible with BOAI definition of open access. The articles in Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences are open access articles licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en</a>)

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a>) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publishers) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

The journal adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.-    Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.-    The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.-    The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.-    Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.-    Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.-    The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.-    In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.-    If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.-    In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/57A4F95E9D1C4811BB98807DDDE88FDE" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two referees from abroad or from Turkey. After accomplishing necessary revisions requested by referees, the authors resubmit the manuscript by highlighting the changes made. Publication decisions are made by Editor-in-Chief after authors make necessary revisions requested by referees and the peer-review process is completed.Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing. Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed. Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal. Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective. Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side. A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two external referees from abroad or from Turkey. After accomplishing necessary revisions requested by referees, the authors resubmit the manuscript by highlighting the changes made. Publication decisions are made by Editor-in-Chief after authors make necessary revisions requested by referees and the peer-review process is completed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

The language of the journal is both Turkish and English. -    All correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via http://connectist.istanbul.edu.tr and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). In addition, a Copyright Agreement Form that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted. -    Only one manuscript of each author is published in the same year (excluding special issues). -    Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section. -    Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication. -    Studies that are not prepared in accordance with the rules of the journal are directly rejected without the need for peer review. -    The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 12 font size and line spacing of 1.5. -    Word count must be 6500 – 8500 words for “research articles”, 6500 – 8500 words for “review articles” and 2000-6400 words for “short notes”. -    Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract between 180 and 200 words in English and an extended abstract only in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the method used. Underneath the abstracts, 5 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in Turkish and in English. Extended abstract in English is mandatory for all manuscripts. -    The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract in English, sections, end notes and references. -    Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title only if it is necessary to follow the idea of the article. Otherwise features like demographic characteristics can be given within the text. Tables and figures in the studies should be placed within the text. -    Emphasis of the author(s) in the studies should be indicated with single quotes; only book, movie, newspaper names should be written in italics. Quotations exceeding 40 words should be given inside, single spaced and without quotation marks. -    In line with the Editorial Board decision and referee reports, the authors may be asked to make some changes in the text. -    The studies that were sent to the journal will not be returned whether they are published or not. -    The studies -according to their categories- should be prepared in line with the following flow:1. RESEARCH ARTICLES INTRODUCTION -The problem of the research should be defined by making references to the relevant literature. In the last paragraph before moving on to the sub-headings, the importance of the study, its difference from other studies, namely its originality, the purpose and method of the study should be specified and its boundaries should be drawn. Subheading(s) related to the topic AIM AND METHODOLOGY Introductory remarks for the aim and methodology Aim After the major aim of the study is indicated, research (sub)questions and/or hypothesis/hypotheses should be formulated. Method The following elements should be given in this section as content, even if they are not given as a title. •    Research Model •    Universe, Sample / Subjects/ Participants •    Data Collection Tool •    Operation The types of scale, questionnaire, interviews etc. should be clarified, and especially the research including statistical analyses should have reliability and viability coefficients. FINDINGS DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION After restating the aim of the study in short, findings should be summed up very briefly and discussed with reference to the relevant literature. Then the original opinions related to the research findings should be stated by the author as concluding remarks. Before finalizing the study some suggestions should be formulated for future research to contribute to the relevant field. ENDNOTES REFERENCES 2. REVIEW ARTICLES​INTRODUCTION​The problem of the research should be defined by making references to the relevant literature. In the last paragraph before moving on to the sub-headings, the importance of the study, its difference from other studies, namely its originality, the purpose and method of the study should be specified and its boundaries should be drawn.​Subheading(s) related to the topic DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION After restating the aim of the study in short, findings should be summed up very briefly and discussed with reference to the relevant literature. Then the original opinions related to the research findings should be stated by the author as concluding remarks. Before finalizing the study some suggestions should be formulated for future research to contribute to the relevant field. ENDOTES REFERENCES3. SHORT NOTES Within the scope of short notes, a critical evaluation of any subject, audio-visual/written text, an event or phenomenon that concerns the field of communication is presented. Unlike original research articles, short notes do not include field research but may include book criticism, film criticism, or evaluation of other audio/visual/written products or critical evaluations of organized events. Originality of the short notes is expected to be created via new and different perspectives of the experts and veteran scholars. There is no title system that authors must comply with for short notes. Authors may adopt a title system appropriate to their subject.

Author Guidelines

Before beginning the online submission process please read the Information for Authors and make sure you have the followings available:Article Submission <div>•    The article must be sent to https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/journal/connectist/home •    While uploading Main Document, make sure that the main document has no information that clarify the author’s identity. Due to double blind peer review, Main Document must not include Title Page, the name of author or any other detail that can disclose the author identity (such as acknowledgements or headers including the author(s) name). •    Additionally, Supplemental File for Review must not include any detail that can disclose author identity as well. Files to be uploaded separately •    Copyright Agreement Form •    Permissions obtained for previously published material if used in the present manuscript •    Title page -    Category of the article -    The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English -    Authors' names, surnames, titles and affiliates (after the university and faculty information, the city and country information should also be included) and e-mail addresses. -    Corresponding author's e-mail address, open correspondence address, business phone, GSM, fax number -    ORCID numbers of the authors •    Main Manuscript Document -    The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English -    Abstracts (180-200 words) both in Turkish and in English -    Keywords: 5 words both in Turkish and in English -    Extended abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for Turkish articles) -    Main article sections -    Financial support (if applicable) -    Conflict of interest (if applicable) -    Acknowledgement (if exists) -    References -    All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</div>

References-    Author(s) are expected to cite primary sources in their studies.-    References to articles published as Early View should be given as &#34;publication in preparation&#34;.-    The author(s) are responsible for the accuracy of the references. All sources should be cited in the text and listed alphabetically.Reference Style and Format -    Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, adopts 7th edition of APA (American Psychological Association) style for in-text citation and references. The rules for this style can be found at the link below:-    https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/-    References should be cited as indicated in the examples below.In-Text CitationSources should be indicated in the text by writing the surnames of the authors and the publication date in parentheses. If more than one source is to be shown, a semicolon (;) should be inserted between the sources. References should be listed alphabetically.Citations in the Text <div>Citations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year and page number within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabetically </div><div>Samples: Citation with one author; (Carpentier, 2011) Carpentier (2011) </div><div>Citation with two authors; (Deleuze &amp; Guattari, p. 1992) Deleuze and Guattari (1992) aim to explain schizophrenia in a positive manner (p. 45). </div><div>Citation with three or more authors; (Curran et al., 2009) Citation with abbreviation: First Citation: (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2020) Next Citations: (WHO, 2020) First Citation: World Health Organisation (WHO, 2020) Next Citations: WHO (2020) </div><div>To avoid ambiguity in in-text citations If the same author published more than one study in the same year: (Fiske, 2010a) (Fiske, 2010b) &#8288;If the first authors of multiple references share the same surname but have different initials, include the first authors’ initials in all in-text citations, even if the year of publication differs. (A.    A. Berger, 2010; J. Berger, 2010) If the authors of the same publication have the same surname, there is no need to include the first letters of their names. (Chen &amp; Chen, 2019) </div><div>Direct quotations When citing directly, sentence(s) are enclosed in quotation marks and page numbers are also indicated in in-text quotations. According to Luhmann (1982), “Subjectivity is an abstract term invented by philosophers which does not refer to human beings. The real subject of social action is the social system” (p. 324). If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabetically. (Mulvey, 2012; Ryan &amp; Kellner, 2012, p. 152). </div><div>Citations in the Reference All the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references. </div><div>Book a) Citation with one author; Berger, A. A. (2017). Media analysis techniques. Sage Publications. Kamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. McGraw-Hill Education. </div><div>b) Translated book Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. </div><div>c) Book with Multiple Authors Bordwell, D. &amp; Thompson, K. (2010). Film Art: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill. </div><div>ç) Edited book Miller, T., &amp; Stam, R. (Eds.). (2004). A companion to film theory (Vol. 18). John Wiley &amp; Sons. </div><div>d) Chapter in an Edited Book Jenkins, H. (2004). The work of theory in the age of digital transformation. T. Miller &amp; R. Stam (Eds.), A Companion to Film Theory (pp. 234-261). Blackwell. </div><div>e) Chapter in the translation book Schmeder, G. (2015). İşbölümü dinamiğinde kopmalar ve kesintiler. C. Vercellone (Ed.) ve D. Kundakçı (Trans.). Bilişsel kapitalizm. (1st ed., 61-75). Otonom Yayıncılık. </div><div>Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget’s theory (G. Gellerier &amp; J. Langer, Trans.). In K. Richardson &amp; S. Sheldon (Eds.) Cognitive development to adolescence: A reader (pp. 3-18). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum. (Reprinted from Manual of child psychology, pp. 703-732, by P.H. Myssen, Ed., 1970. Wiley) </div><div>f) Book Review Gül Ünlü, D. (2018). Kitap incelemesi [Şeffaflık toplumu: Şeffaf toplumun eleştirisi üzerine bir okuma]. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 28, 279-290. http://iletisimdergisi.gsu.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/37677/436058 </div><div>Seo, S. (2016). [Review of the book Journalism and Human Rights: How Demographics Drive Media Coverage by John C. Pollock]. Journal of Communication, 66 (6), E-15-E-17. https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/66/6/E15/4082402?redirectedFrom=fulltext </div><div>g) Book with Organization as Author American Psychological Association. (2009). Crediting sources: Citing references in text. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed., p. 177). </div><div>Article </div><div>a) Article Seyidov, I. (2020). On conceptual and methodological deficiencies of data journalism-related studies in Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 58, 273-289. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0070 </div><div>b) Online article without DOI Grist, L. (2007). Masculinity, violence, resistance: A new psychoanalytic reading of Raging Bull. Atlantis, 29(1), 11-27. Retrieved from https://go.gale.com/ </div><div>c) Popular magazine article Salmon, C. (2016, Oct). Ken Loach is right: British film and TV has become too cosy and conservative. Little White Lies. https://lwlies.com/articles/ken-loach-fake-nostalgia-tv-period-dramas/ </div><div>Thesis, Symposium </div><div>a)    Thesis Kendrick, J. (2005). Screen violence and the new Hollywood [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Indiana University. https://www.proquest.com/openview/433bbaa0b9973dad53d0aa735d1f941a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=y </div><div>b) Symposium contribution Gündüz, U. &amp; Pembecioğlu N. (2021, October, 26-27). Covid-19. H. Adıyaman (Chairs), The health agenda of media in the lights of information ethics and the Covid-19 sentiment analysis of garlic news [Symposium]. 18. International Communication in the Millennium Symposium, Erzurum, Turkey. </div><div>Other Sources </div><div>a) Newspaper Article Lee, E. (2019, February 1). Digital Media: What Went Wrong. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/business/media/buzzfeed-digital-media-wrong.html </div><div>b) İnternet sayfası kaynakları Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized. http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/ adresinden 15 Eylül 2020 tarihinde alınmıştır. </div><div>c) Official publications and press release Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Foreign Trade Statistics (Publication number: 45536). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics-January-2022-45536&amp;dil=2 The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. (2010, August 4). Administration officials continue travel across the country holding “Recovery Summer” events [Press release]. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/administration-officials-continue-travel-across-country-holding-recovery-summer-eve </div><div>ç) Dictionary Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Communication. In Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from https://www.lexico.com/definition/communication </div><div>d) Podcast West, S. (2020, December). On Media pt. 1- Manufacturing Consent (Episode 148) [Audio podcast]. In Philosophize this!. https://open.spotify.com/episode/04YIh1REL6KOxlnaJWlvfh?si=86782f420d744114 </div><div>e) Video/Film Zizek, S. (2008). Violence [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x0eyNkNpL0 Scorsese, M. (Director). (1976). Taxi Driver [Film]. Columbia Pictures.</div><div> </div><div>f) TV series Chase, D. (Producer). (1999-2007). The Sopranos [TV Series]. HBO. </div><div>g) Social Media Manovich, L. [@manovich]. In the late 1990s South Korea became the leader in Internet connections, and they launched one of the first social networks Cyworld. Next, they used YouTube to create k-pop global popularity. Can they repeat their success in metaverse? [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/manovich/status/1462405978356207626  [Tweet] for Twitter, [Twitter profile] etc., [Facebook status] for Facebook, [Timeline] etc., [Picture] for Instagram, [Highlight] can be used.</div>

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Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Ayşen Akkor Gül, Hasan Akbulut, Oya Morva
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Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences

ISSUE 64, 2023

About the 64th issue,

On the occasion of the 64th issue of Connectist,

Use of social media for seeking information about COVID-19 and people’s preventive behaviour: managing the pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand

Post-crisis information dissemination and social media usage characteristics: An analysis of the west black sea flood disaster network

The existence of tension in the context of the time-image concept: The film I’m thinking of ending things

Discovering banner blindness for different banner formats: An eye-tracking study

Accreditation of communication education in Türkiye: Research on the views of administrator academicians in accredited programs

An analysis of social media content shared by right-wing extremist groups in the United States, the Great Britain and Australia

Nation branding and sustainability: A comparative analysis of European countries

“By browsing this site, you accept cookies”: Research on the cookie usage permissions of news sites in Türkiye

A theoretical discussion on the scope and the dimensions of activist public relations

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